THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: V.THE IDENTIFICATION OF PYRUVATE AS AN INTERMEDIATE IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1951 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger H. Warburton ◽  
B. A. Eagles ◽  
J. J. R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Enzyme System ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Pyruvate has been determined at 16, 28, and 40 hr. in a culture of Pseudomonas aeruginosa when growing in a glucose medium. Throughout this interval the organism was shown to possess the enzyme system capable of rapidly oxidizing pyruvate. It was concluded that pyruvate is being formed and dissimilated continuously and that it is therefore to be considered an intermediate in the oxidation of glucose. It was found that glucose oxidation was not inhibited by 0.02 M fluoride and that pyruvate formation and utilization continued unimpaired in the presence of the inhibitor. This would indicate that enolase is not essential to the formation of pyruvate by P. aeruginosa and may be taken as further evidence supporting the contention that this organism does not dissimilate glucose by way of the conventional Embden–Meyerhof scheme.

THE ACCUMULATION OF α-KETOGLUTARATE BY SUSPENSIONS OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA

1966 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1005-1013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret von Tigerstrom ◽  
J. J. R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Ammonium Salts ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Cell Extracts ◽  
Metabolic Pool ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Pyruvic and α-ketoglutaric acids accumulated during the oxidation of glucose by washed cell suspensions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa harvested from a glucose medium. The addition of ammonium salts had been shown to prevent the accumulation of the α-ketoglutaric acid in such suspensions. A similar situation was shown to exist with growing cultures. The accumulation of α-ketoglutaric acid was not due to inability of the cells to synthesize enzymes required for the oxidation of this compound. Cells harvested from a glucose medium required an induction period before oxidizing α-ketoglutaric acid but this was apparently due to the lack of a permease required for the transport of the substrate across the cell membrane. A comparison of the enzyme levels of cell extracts prepared from cells grown on a glucose medium with those grown on an α-ketoglutaric acid medium revealed that the latter had a higher level of the individual apoenzymes required for α-ketoglutaric acid oxidation. However, the apoenzyme level of the extracts of glucose-grown cells appeared adequate to prevent the accumulation of α-ketoglutaric acid during glucose oxidation.It is concluded that during growth in the presence of an excess of ammonium salts α-ketoglutarate never escapes from the internal metabolic pool of the cells and therefore the permease for α-ketoglutarate is not synthesized. During glucose oxidation by washed suspensions of glucose-grown cells, α-ketoglutarate is perhaps excreted from the cell either because the cells are deficient in the coenzymes necessary for α-ketoglutarate oxidation or because the avidity of the enzymes for substrate is such that, at low levels of substrate, the enzymes of α-ketoglutarate oxidation act so slowly that the intermediate accumulates.

THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: II. LIMITATIONS OF SIMULTANEOUS ADAPTATION AS APPLIED TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF ACETIC ACID, AN INTERMEDIATE IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1949 ◽  
Vol 27c (4) ◽  
pp. 165-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J. R. Campbell ◽  
Flora C. Norris ◽  
Margaret E. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Growth Medium ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Intermediate Compound ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
The Status ◽  
Intense Aeration ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Acetic acid has been isolated as an intermediate compound in the oxidation of glucose or α-ketoglutaric acid by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Cells of this organism produced under conditions of intense aeration were found to have lost the ability to oxidize acetic acid and this compound was found in large quantities in the growth medium. When these cells were used to carry out the oxidation of glucose, it was found that the oxygen consumed was the amount needed to convert glucose to acetic acid, thus confirming the role of acetate as an intermediate in glucose oxidation. In contrast to the above-mentioned criteria the technique of simultaneous adaptation ruled out acetic acid as a possible intermediate in the oxidation of either glucose or α-ketoglutaric acid. The status of the theory of simultaneous adaptation is discussed in relation to the data obtained.

THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: III. THE APPLICATION OF PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF GLUCONIC AND 2-KETOGLUCONIC ACIDS, INTERMEDIATES IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1949 ◽  
Vol 27c (5) ◽  
pp. 253-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flora C. Norris ◽  
Jack J. R. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Paper Chromatography ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Strong System ◽  
Ammoniacal Silver

The technique of paper chromatography has been adapted to the identification of gluconic, 2-ketogluconic, and α-ketoglutaric acids. Combinations of methyl and ethyl alcohol were found to be the most suitable solvents and ammoniacal silver nitrate was found to give the most satisfactory reaction. When grown under normal physiological conditions where glucose was metabolized to carbon dioxide and water, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027 was shown to have oxidized glucose by way of gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids. Since a strong system for oxidizing both gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids was demonstrated, the presence of these acids over at least an eight hour period of growth is taken as evidence of their importance as intermediates in the oxidation of glucose by this organism.

THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OFPSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: IV. THE ABSENCE OF AN EMBDEN–MEYERHOF SYSTEM AS EVIDENCED BY PHOSPHORUS DISTRIBUTION

1950 ◽  
Vol 28c (2) ◽  
pp. 203-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack J. R. Campbell ◽  
Flora C. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Glucose Medium ◽  
Phosphorus Fraction ◽  
Intermediate Metabolism ◽  
Soluble Phosphorus ◽  
Acid Pathway ◽  
Ketogluconic Acid

The acid soluble phosphorus fraction of cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa harvested from a glucose medium was found to consist mainly of difficultly hydrolyzable compounds. None of the fractions contained reducing compounds even after 12 hr. hydrolysis with normal hydrochloric acid nor could fructose be detected. It could therefore be concluded that glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-6-phosphate, and hexose diphosphate were absent. Analysis of a glucose solution that had been metabolized by cells of this organism under conditions of fluoride inhibition confirmed the analysis of the cellular material. The lack of normal intermediates of the Embden–Meyerhof scheme is discussed in relation to the gluconic acid, 2-ketogluconic acid pathway of glucose oxidation.

Glucose utilization by sheep embryos derived in vivo and in vitro

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 571 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Thompson ◽  
AC Simpson ◽  
PA Pugh ◽  
RW Wright ◽  
HR Tervit
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Utilization ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid ◽  
Cell Stage ◽  
Glycolytic Activity ◽  
Total Utilization ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Embryos were collected from superovulated donors at various intervals from onset of oestrus, ranging from Day 1.5 to Day 6. In addition, blastocysts obtained from the culture of 1-cell embryos collected in vivo or of oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro were used to assess the effects of in vitro manipulation and culture on glucose utilization. Glycolytic activity was determined by the conversion of [5-3H]glucose to 3H2O, and oxidation of glucose was determined by the conversion of [U-14C]glucose to 14CO2. Glucose utilization increases significantly from the 8-cell stage and during compaction and blastulation. Glucose oxidation was at a relatively low level (5-12% of total utilization) compared with glycolysis. No difference was observed between the glycolytic activity of blastocysts derived from in vivo or in vitro sources. However, glucose oxidation was lower (P less than 0.05) in blastocysts derived from the culture of 1-cell embryos or from oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro. Exogenous tricarboxylic acid cycle substrates (i.e. pyruvate and lactate supplied in the medium) affected the level of glucose oxidation.

scholarly journals Catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles deposited on N-doped carbon-based supports in oxidation of glucose and arabinose mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastian Franz ◽  
Nataliya D. Shcherban ◽  
Igor Bezverkhyy ◽  
Sergii A. Sergiienko ◽  
Irina L. Simakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Glucuronic Acid ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Constant Ph ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Mesoporous Structures ◽  
Carbon Based

AbstractOxidation of a mixture of glucose and arabinose over Au particles deposited on porous carbons, N-doped carbons and carbon nitrides was investigated at 70 °C, under constant pH of 8, and oxygen partial pressure 0.125 atm. In particular, Au deposited on nitrogen-containing carbon-based mesoporous structures demonstrated activity in the oxidation of the sugars to the corresponding aldonic acids higher than gold deposited on undoped carbon supports (conversion of glucose up to ca. 60%, arabinose–ca. 30% after 200 min). The results can be explained by the basic nature of the supports leading to an increase in the polarity of the carbon surface and the oxygen activation. Glucuronic acid (with selectivity ca. 10–93.5%) together with gluconic acid was formed as a result of glucose oxidation, while arabinose was selectively oxidized to arabinonic acid.

STEADY STATE OXIDATION OF GLUCOSE IN THE HYPOTHYROID DIABETIC RAT: A ROLE FOR THE ADRENAL CORTEX IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1293-1305
Author(s):  
Dorothy S. Dow ◽  
C. E. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Reduced Form ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate ◽  
Hexose Monophosphate Pathway ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

A steady state between the specific activities of blood glucose and expired CO2in the hypothyroid diabetic rat was maintained for extended periods of time following a single intraperitoneal injection of glucose-1-C14or glucose-6-C14. Rates of oxidation of the labelled sugars were measured during the steady state.Glucose oxidation by way of glycolysis and the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the hypothyroid diabetic rat paralleled the decrease in expired CO2but glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway was completely suppressed.It is suggested that the observed inhibitory effect on the hexose monophosphate pathway is due to the maintenance of diphosphopyridine nucleotide in the reduced form as the result of goitrogen inhibition of steroid-catalyzed transhydrogenation.The results suggest that steroid concentration may be a critical factor in regulation of glucose oxidation by way of the hexose monophosphate pathway.

Oxidation of glucose carbon entering the TCA cycle is reduced by glutamine in small intestine epithelial cells

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. G879-G888 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Kight ◽  
S. E. Fleming
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Tca Cycle ◽  
Proximal Segment ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Carbon ◽  
The Tca Cycle ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
In Cells

The influence of glutamine on glucose oxidation was assessed in epithelial cells isolated from the mucosa of the proximal, mid-, and distal small intestine of young, fed, male rats. Glucose oxidation declined along the length of the small intestine, with values from the mid- and distal segments representing approximately 55% and 40%, respectively, of the value from the proximal segment. A gradient along the small intestine was noted also in the influence of glutamine on glucose oxidation: glutamine suppressed glucose oxidation approximately 60% in the proximal small intestine, 39% in the mid-intestine, and 31% in the distal small intestine. Glutamine suppressed the oxidation of glucose carbon that entered the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle; this was determined using CO2 ratios derived from acetate and glucose isotopes. In cells from the proximal segment, the probability that carbon entering the cycle would complete one full turn was reduced by glutamine from 0.77 to 0.28. The entry of glucose-derived pyruvate into the TCA cycle did not appear to be influenced by the presence of glutamine, however. Glutamine had no influence on the proportion of glucose metabolism that occurred via the pentose phosphate pathway (which averaged 5% or less), but reduced flux of carbon through pyruvate carboxylase relative to flux through pyruvate dehydrogenase from 40% to 9% in cells from the proximal segment. These data suggest that, in the presence of glutamine, the fate of pyruvate carbon (derived from glucose or elsewhere) entering the TCA cycle is altered from that of oxidation to anaplerosis and subsequent efflux of TCA cycle intermediates into newly synthesized compounds.

Effect of CeO2 morphology on the catalytic properties of Au/CeO2 for base-free glucose oxidation

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Yue Qi ◽  
Yalin He ◽  
Yan Yao ◽  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Yiran Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Selective Oxidation ◽  
Gluconic Acid ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Properties ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Biomass Utilization ◽  
Free Glucose ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose ◽  
Catalytic Selective Oxidation

Catalytic selective oxidation of glucose into value-added gluconic acid is one of the sustainable routes for biomass utilization, for which the supported Au catalysts have been widely explored. Au/CeO2 was...

scholarly journals Development of Minimally Invasive 13C-Glucose Breath Test to Examine Different Dietary Therapies in Patients with Glycogen Storage Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1149-1149
Author(s):  
Abrar Turki ◽  
Sylvia Stockler ◽  
Sandra Sirrs ◽  
Ramona Salvarinova ◽  
Rajavel Elango
Keyword(s):  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Breath Test ◽  
Glycogen Storage ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Invasive Technique ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Glucose Breath Test ◽  
Oxidation Of Glucose

Abstract Objectives The objectives of the current study were: 1) to establish the use of ,13C-Glucose Breath Test (,13C-GBT) and its oxidation to ,13CO2 as a minimally invasive technique to examine in vivo glucose oxidation in healthy adults, and 2) to measure the utilization of uncooked cornstarch (UCCS) and Glycosade® in patients with glycogen storage disease type Ia (GSD-Ia) and healthy controls using ,13C-GBT, based on the natural enrichment of ,13C in UCCS and Glycosade®. Methods Experiment 1- Ten healthy adults (22 – 33y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice as a proof-of-principle, once without oral isotope dose (only D-glucose 75 g/d) and once with isotope (D-glucose 75 g/d + U-,13C-glucose 75 mg/d). Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 20 min for 240 min to measure ,13CO2. Experiment 2- Two patients (12 and 28y) with GSD-Ia and five healthy controls (10 – 32y) underwent ,13C-GBT protocols twice. Subjects received UCCS or Glycosade® orally (based on their current prescribed dose 42 – 100 g) after a 4 hour fast according to GSD-Ia fasting tolerance. Breath samples were collected at baseline and every 30 min for 240 min. ,13CO2 oxidation of glucose from UCCS and Glycosade® were measured using an isotope ratio mass spectrometer and compared using a paired t-test. Blood glucose was measured using a glucometer hourly to test hypoglycemia (≤3.4 mmol/L). Results Results 1- The mean rate of ,13CO2 in all healthy adults from D-glucose without U-,13C-glucose 0.435 ± 0.162 was significantly lower than the mean rate of ,13CO2 in the same group with U-,13C-glucose 3.518 ± 0.988. The peak occurred at 200 minutes in all healthy adults without and with U-,13C-glucose. Results 2- Glucose oxidation from Glycosade® was lower than glucose oxidation from UCCS in the 12y GSD-Ia. Glucose oxidation from UCCS and Glycosade® remained the same in the 28y GSD-Ia. However, oxidation of glucose by the 28y GSD-Ia for both starches displayed a higher rate, compared to age matched controls. Conclusions Our results show that the minimally invasive,13C-GBT test over 4 hours can be useful to examine glucose metabolism from various exogenous carbohydrate sources in GSD. Future studies are needed to use ,13C-GBT in response to different doses to determine optimal glucose management in GSD patients. Funding Sources Saudi Arabian Cultural Bureau, Ottawa and BC Children's Hospital Research Institute.

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