Interactions between plant hormones and light quality signaling in regulating the shoot growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 237-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonid V. Kurepin ◽  
Linda J. Walton ◽  
Allison Hayward ◽  
R. J. Neil Emery ◽  
Richard P. Pharis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Growth Hormones ◽  
Plant Growth Hormones ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Leaf Area Growth ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The effects of a decrease in red to far-red (R/FR) ratio on shoot growth of two-week-old Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. seedlings were examined in the context of possible causal involvement of key plant growth hormones. Decreasing the R/FR ratio significantly increased petiole elongation and leaf area expansion of the Columbia (Col) line seedlings. In contrast, seedlings of the Landsberg erecta (Ler) line showed no significant change in leaf area and only a marginal increase in petiole growth. This low R/FR ratio-induced growth was accompanied by significant increases in concentrations of the growth “effector” gibberellin (GA4) and an auxin (indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)) in shoot tissues of Col. However, cytokinins (CKs) in Col shoot tissues were decreased and ethylene evolution was reduced when the R/FR ratio was decreased from that of normal sunlight to a low R/FR ratio. Several A. thaliana genotypes with plant hormone-related mutations were also assessed, including auxin resistant, axr2-1; GA insensitive, gai-1; and ethylene over-producing, eto2. None of these increased their petiole length or leaf area growth in response to lowering the R/FR ratio. We thus conclude that both GA4 and IAA are causally involved in the increased shoot growth of A. thaliana Col seedlings that occurs in response to a lower than normal R/FR ratio.

scholarly journals The effect of light quality on plant physiology, photosynthetic, and stress response in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247380
Author(s):  
Nafiseh Yavari ◽  
Rajiv Tripathi ◽  
Bo-Sen Wu ◽  
Sarah MacPherson ◽  
Jaswinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Enzymatic Activity ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Light Quality ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Area Growth ◽  
Leaf Area Growth ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Effect Of Light

The impacts of wavelengths in 500–600 nm on plant response and their underlying mechanisms remain elusive and required further investigation. Here, we investigated the effect of light quality on leaf area growth, biomass, pigments content, and net photosynthetic rate (Pn) across three Arabidopsis thaliana accessions, along with changes in transcription, photosynthates content, and antioxidative enzyme activity. Eleven-leaves plants were treated with BL; 450 nm, AL; 595 nm, RL; 650 nm, and FL; 400–700 nm as control. RL significantly increased leaf area growth, biomass, and promoted Pn. BL increased leaf area growth, carotenoid and anthocyanin content. AL significantly reduced leaf area growth and biomass, while Pn remained unaffected. Petiole elongation was further observed across accessions under AL. To explore the underlying mechanisms under AL, expression of key marker genes involved in light-responsive photosynthetic reaction, enzymatic activity of antioxidants, and content of photosynthates were monitored in Col-0 under AL, RL (as contrast), and FL (as control). AL induced transcription of GSH2 and PSBA, while downregulated NPQ1 and FNR2. Photosynthates, including proteins and starches, showed lower content under AL. SOD and APX showed enhanced enzymatic activity under AL. These results provide insight into physiological and photosynthetic responses to light quality, in addition to identifying putative protective-mechanisms that may be induced to cope with lighting-stress in order to enhance plant stress tolerance.

scholarly journals Responses of Rice Growth to Day and Night Temperature and Relative Air Humidity—Leaf Elongation and Assimilation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 134
Author(s):  
Sabine Stuerz ◽  
Folkard Asch
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Relative Air Humidity ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Area Expansion

Predictions of future crop growth and yield under a changing climate require a precise knowledge of plant responses to their environment. Since leaf growth increases the photosynthesizing area of the plant, it occupies a central position during the vegetative phase. Rice is cultivated in diverse ecological zones largely differing in temperature and relative air humidity (RH). To investigate the effects of temperature and RH during day and night on leaf growth, one variety (IR64) was grown in a growth chamber using 9 day/night regimes around the same mean temperature and RH, which were combinations of 3 temperature treatments (30/20 °C, 25/25 °C, 20/30 °C day/night temperature) and 3 RH treatments (40/90%, 65/65%, 90/40% day/night RH). Day/night leaf elongation rates (LER) were measured and compared to leaf gas exchange measurements and leaf area expansion on the plant level. While daytime LER was mainly temperature-dependent, nighttime LER was equally affected by temperature and RH and closely correlated with leaf area expansion at the plant level. We hypothesize that the same parameters increasing LER during the night also enhance leaf area expansion via shifts in partitioning to larger and thinner leaves. Further, base temperatures estimated from LERs varied with RH, emphasizing the need to take RH into consideration when modeling crop growth in response to temperature.

scholarly journals Acclimation of Photosynthetic Activity of Zantedeschia `Best Gold' in Response to Temperature and Photosynthetic Photon Flux

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith A. Funnell ◽  
Errol W. Hewett ◽  
Julie A. Plummer ◽  
Ian J. Warrington
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Area Expansion

Photosynthetic activity of individual leaves of Zantedeschia Spreng. `Best Gold' aff. Z. pentlandii (Wats.) Wittm. [syn. Richardia pentlandii Wats.] (`Best Gold'), were quantified with leaf expansion and diurnally, under a range of temperature and photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) regimes. Predictive models incorporating PPF, day temperature, and percentage leaf area expansion accounted for 78% and 81% of variation in net photosynthetic rate (Pn) before, and postattainment of, 75% maximum leaf area, respectively. Minimal changes in Pn occurred during the photoperiod when environmental conditions were stable. Maximum Pn (10.9μmol·m-2·s-1 or 13.3 μmol·g-1·s-1) occurred for plants grown under high PPF (694 μmol·m-2·s-1) and day temperature (28 °C). Acclimation of Pn was less than complete, with any gain through a greater light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) at high PPF also resulting in a reduction in quantum yield. Similarly, any gain in acclimation through increased quantum yield under low PPF occurred concurrently with reduced Pmax. It was concluded that Zantedeschia `Best Gold' is a shade tolerant selection, adapted to optimize photosynthetic rate under the climate of its natural habitat, by not having obligate adaptation to sun or shade habitats.

Budburst and leaf area expansion measured with a novel mobile camera system and simple color thresholding

2009 ◽  
Vol 65 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 238-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric A. Graham ◽  
Eric M. Yuen ◽  
Geoff F. Robertson ◽  
William J. Kaiser ◽  
Michael P. Hamilton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Camera System ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Area Expansion

A model of expansion and senescence of individual leaves of field-grown maize (Zea mays L.)

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Stewart ◽  
L M. Dwyer
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Time Step ◽  
Leaf Area Expansion ◽  
Daily Time Step ◽  
Area Expansion ◽  
Area Development ◽  
Leaf Area Development ◽  
Daily Time

Estimation of leaf area is a major component of plant growth models. In this study, a model was developed to calculate field-grown maize leaf area expansion and senescence on an individual leaf basis. The model began with an equation, based on cumulative growing degree-days from emergence, to initiate leaf area development. The model required daily values of maximum and minimum air temperature, solar radiation and precipitation, had essentially a daily time step with day and night modes, and could be run on commonly accessible computers (micros to mainframes). The objective of the development of the model was to assist plant breeders in optimizing leaf number and shape for adaptation to specific environments. Key words: Leaf area and number, temperature, phenological development

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