Effects of summer temperature on fungal endophyte assemblages in Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) leaves in pure beech stands

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yousuke Hashizume ◽  
Kenji Fukuda ◽  
Norio Sahashi
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Japanese Beech ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Summer Temperatures ◽  
Infection Density ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Fungal endophyte assemblages in leaves of Japanese beech ( Fagus crenata Blume) trees were investigated in pure beech stands at four localities with different summer temperatures covering the natural distribution range of the species. Ascochyta fagi Woronich was dominant at every site, and the infection density (ID) of this fungus was higher at sites with low maximum air temperatures. The growth rate of A. fagi on potato dextrose agar was inhibited by temperatures above 30 °C. These results suggest that the population density of A. fagi on Japanese beech leaves is influenced by summer temperatures. However, the number of species and Shannon index of diversity (H′) of endophytic fungi increased with increasing air temperature and a negative correlation was observed between the ID of A. fagi and the diversity of other endophytes. The species composition of minor endophytes was site-specific and may reflect geographic and genetic distances between beech stands.

Temporal variations in isolation frequency of endophytic fungi of Japanese beech

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norio Sahashi ◽  
Takanori Kubono ◽  
Yukiko Miyasawa ◽  
Shin'ichiro Ito
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Japanese Beech ◽  
Isolation Frequency ◽  
Specific Distribution ◽  
Unidentified Species

To determine the dominant fungal endophytes of the Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) and to monitor their isolation frequency, we isolated fungi from symptomless organs of beech including leaves, petioles, and current and old (1- to 5-year-old) twigs after surface sterilization. Of the 13 fungal taxa obtained, 3 were isolated most often. An unidentified species of Discula and an unidentified sterile fungus, Lb, were isolated frequently from leaves, and an unidentified species of Phomopsis was isolated most frequently from twigs. The isolation frequency over the growing season varied for the two dominant fungal species in the leaves, Discula sp. and Lb. These two species had similar patterns of isolation, even in petioles and current-year twigs, although isolation frequencies of a given species varied with organs. An organ-specific distribution of the fungal species in the host plant was apparent. The three fungal species noted above were considered to be the dominant endophytes of the Japanese beech.Key words: fungal endophyte, Fagus crenata, isolation frequency, organ specificity.

scholarly journals Visualization of Commercial Coating Penetration into Fagus crenata Blume Wood Using a Non-Destructive X-ray Microtomography

Coatings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 927
Author(s):  
Tyana Solichah Ekaputri ◽  
Ayuni Nur Apsari ◽  
Takashi Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Wood Surface ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Coating Materials ◽  
Japanese Beech ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
2D And 3D ◽  
Non Destructive

Coatings can be used as a preservative method to protect the wood, especially the wood surface. The different component of the coating’s dependence of the purpose of it. The Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) applied by several Japanese commercials coating materials. The coatings application used were spray type and brush type. X-ray microtomography in Fuji, Japan was used for visualized the coating samples. The X-ray target used were Cu, and Mo with Al filter. The X-ray image analysis in 2D and 3D were conducted using image J and VGStudio Max, respectfully. The coating’s containing materials and the concentration of it strongly affected the image result of X-ray microtomography visualization. The different X-ray target shows the different image results. The larger energy of X-ray (Mo with Al filter) is recommended to use for visualization. The X-ray images shows the penetration phenomena, which can be applied to calculate the penetration depth.

scholarly journals Differences in genetic structure between two Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) stands

Heredity ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Takahashi ◽  
Minoru Mukouda ◽  
Koozoo Koono
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Japanese Beech ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume

scholarly journals Use of Microsatellite Markers in an American Beech (Fagus grandifolia) Population and Paternity Testing

2010 ◽  
Vol 59 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 62-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Koch ◽  
D. W. Carey ◽  
M. E. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Microsatellite Markers ◽  
European Beech ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Japanese Beech ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium

Abstract Cross-species amplification of six microsatellite markers from European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linn) and nine markers from Japanese beech (Fagus crenata Blume) was tested in American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.). Three microsatellites from each species were successfully adapted for use in American beech and were found to be highly polymorphic, with 4-22 alleles at each locus and an expected heterozygosity value of 0.291 to 0.913. Twenty-five trees (including two clonal clusters) from a mature stand were sampled and genotyped to compute population statistics. No linkage disequilibrium between pairs of loci was detected, and the marker loci indicated that the population is at Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium. The markers were also used to genotype two full-sibling families consisting of a combined total of 99 individuals and were found to contain sufficient genetic information to assign paternity using a maximum likelihood method.

Distance-dependent but genetically random mating in a Japanese beech (Fagus crenata) population

Botany ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 795-803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michiko Inanaga ◽  
Atsushi Nakanishi ◽  
Takeshi Torimaru ◽  
Naoyuki Nishimura ◽  
Nobuhiro Tomaru
Keyword(s):  
Inbreeding Depression ◽  
Spatial Genetic Structure ◽  
Random Mating ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Fagus Crenata ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Japanese Beech ◽  
Fagus Crenata Blume ◽  
Adult Trees ◽  
Related Individuals

In plant populations, limited seed dispersal may generate the aggregation of related individuals, which is referred to as spatial genetic structure (SGS). If short-distance pollination frequently occurs in populations with SGS, it may lead to frequent mating between related individuals (biparental inbreeding). In this study, we examined patterns of pollen dispersal and inbreeding under such conditions in a population of the wind-pollinated tree species Fagus crenata Blume using microsatellite analyses of adult trees and dispersed seeds. The population showed weak but significant SGS and the pollen dispersal in the population involved a combination of distance-dependent (largely short-range) dispersion at the local scale and long-distance transport. Although SGS and distance-dependent pollination co-occurred, individual inbreeding coefficients for both adults and seeds were almost zero, suggesting that mating generating sound seeds was genetically random with little or no inbreeding, probably because of the weak SGS, long-distance pollen dispersal, and postpollination mechanisms including self-incompatibility and inbreeding depression. The production of sound seeds through genetically random mating may be important for maintaining F. crenata populations because the resulting seedlings may be less affected by inbreeding depression than those resulting from the mating of related individuals.

scholarly journals Laboratory study on the effects of nutrient enrichment on a phytoplankton population in Sawa Lake, Iraq

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Nutrient Enrichment ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Phytoplankton Population ◽  
Phytoplankton Cell ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Index Of Diversity

Nutrient enrichment of Sawa lake water was made using different nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations during autumn and spring at three stations. Different concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and N: P ratios were used to test variations in phytoplankton population dynamics. Nitrogen at a concentration of 25 µmole.l-1 and N: P ratio of 10:1 gave highest phytoplankton cell number at all stations and seasons. A total of 64 algal taxa dominated by Bacillariophyceae followed by Cyanophyceae and Chlorophyceae were identified. The values of Shannon index of diversity were more than one in the studied stations.

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