Undifilum, a new genus for endophytic Embellisia oxytropis and parasitic Helminthosporium bornmuelleri on legumes

Botany ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. M. Pryor ◽  
R. Creamer ◽  
R. A. Shoemaker ◽  
J. McLain-Romero ◽  
S. Hambleton
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Fungal Endophytes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
High Bootstrap ◽  
Germ Tubes

Fungal endophytes of Oxytropis kansuensis Bunge from China, previously described as Embellisia oxytropis Q. Wang, Nagao & Kakish, and endophytes of Oxytropis sericea Nutt. and Oxytropis lambertii Pursh from the United States were compared and are reported here as conspecific members of a new genus in the Pleosporaceae, Undifilum, based on morphological and molecular analyses. Morphological comparisons revealed characters that are similar to those of the genus Embellisia including conidia ovate to obclavate to long ellipsoid, straight or slightly to decidedly inequilateral with occasionally one or two cells distinctly swollen, and transepta occasionally thickened, dark, and rigid in comparison with the exterior conidium wall. However, upon germination, conidia produced unique and diagnostic germ tubes that were wavy or undulating in their growth until branching. Moreover, all isolates were found to produce the toxic alkaloid swainsonine. Parsimony analysis of sequences from ITS1–5.8S–ITS2, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, and mitochondrial small subunit rDNA data sets revealed that the Oxytropis endophytes formed a clade distinct from other Embellisia species and species in the genera Alternaria , Ulocladium , Nimbya , and Crivellia . A second taxon, Helminthosporium bornmuelleri P. Magnus, was reexamined and found to possess similar morphological features to those of the Oxytropis isolates, but lacked swainsonine production. Sequence analysis placed this second taxon in the same clade with high bootstrap support. The distinct morphology and genetics of these taxa demonstrates that these fungi, both recovered from legumes, represent a new genus, hereinafter described as Undifilum . The two species now placed in this genus are redescribed as Undifilium oxytropis and Undifilium bornmuelleri .

Lollipopaia minuta from Thailand, a new genus and species of the Diaporthales (Ascomycetes, Fungi) based on morphological and molecular data

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Inderbitzin ◽  
Mary L Berbee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Tropical Mycology ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

In this paper, we describe the new genus and species Lollipopaia minuta from a tropical rain forest in Thailand. The ascomata were long beaked and seated on a pseudoparenchymatous stroma that was erumpent through the bark of a decaying branch. Mature ascomata were readily formed under laboratory conditions. Lollipopaia minuta had ascomatal walls forming a textura intricata in surface view and deliquescent paraphyses. The asci floated freely at maturity and had a nonstaining apical ring. These characters are found in the Diaporthales. However, the habit of the stroma combined with the filiform ascospores distinguished L. minuta from all known genera of the Diaporthales. Thus, a close relationship to taxa outside the Diaporthales was considered. Lollipopaia minuta was similar to Ophioceras or Pseudohalonectria in shape of the ascomata, asci, and ascospores. However, phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed the placement of L. minuta within the Diaporthales with 100% bootstrap support. A closest relative within the Diaporthales was not determined.Key words: Magnaporthaceae, microfungi, taxonomy, tropical mycology.

scholarly journals Occurrences of Diplodia Leaf Streak Caused by Stenocarpella macrospora on Corn (Zea mays) in Illinois

Plant Disease ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 94 (10) ◽  
pp. 1262-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Bradley ◽  
D. K. Pedersen ◽  
G. R. Zhang ◽  
N. R. Pataky
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
The United States ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
Corn Fields

In August 2008, long and narrow lesions were observed on leaves of corn (Zea mays L.) growing in a field in Pope County, Illinois. Lesions were 10 to 35 × 50 to 250 mm and were cream to tan. Dark pycnidia inside the lesions were immersed and approximately 350 μm in diameter. Affected leaves were collected and placed into a moist chamber to encourage the development of conidia. Conidia developed in cirri and were dark, one septate, and 7 to 11 × 59 to 87 μm. Cirri were streaked onto potato dextrose agar (PDA; Becton, Dickinson, and Company, Franklin Lakes, NJ) and cultures arising from single conidia were transferred and maintained. On the basis of the corn leaf symptoms and the morphological characteristics of the pycnidia and conidia, the fungus was tentatively identified as Stenocarpella macrospora (Earle) Sutton (1). To complete Koch's postulates, ‘Garst 84H80-3000GT’ corn was inoculated in the greenhouse. Conidia were produced by placing a S. macrospora isolate from Pope County, IL onto water agar containing autoclaved corn leaves and incubating at room temperature until pycnidia and conidia were produced (approximately 3 weeks). A conidial suspension was used to inoculate the leaf whorls of corn plants (approximately at the V4 growth stage). Control plants were mock inoculated with sterile water. The experiment was repeated once over time. Twenty days after inoculation, all plants inoculated with S. macrospora conidia developed lesions similar to those observed in the field, and mock-inoculated plants remained symptomless. The fungus was reisolated on PDA from the symptomatic leaves. In August 2009, symptomatic leaves similar to those observed in Pope County, IL in 2008 were observed and collected from corn fields in Gallatin and Vermillion counties. Pycnidia and conidia from these lesions were similar to those described above, and isolates from single conidia were obtained from these samples. To confirm the identity of all isolates collected, PCR amplification of the small subunit rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region with primers EF3RCNL and ITS4 was conducted (3). The PCR product was sequenced with these primers at the Keck Biotechnology Center at the University of Illinois, Urbana. The resulting nucleotide sequence was compared with small subunit rDNA and ITS sequences deposited in the GenBank nucleotide database, which revealed 99% homology to sequences of S. macrospora. In total, six of our S. macrospora isolates from Gallatin, Pope, and Vermillion counties were submitted to the United States Department of Agriculture–Agriculture Research Service Culture Collection in Peoria, IL, where they have received NRRL Accession Nos. 54190–54195. To our knowledge, this is the first report of S. macrospora affecting corn in Illinois. Although not observed in the Illinois corn fields described above, S. macrospora has been reported to infect stalks and ears (2). Because of the large leaf lesions caused by S. macrospora and its reported aggressiveness in causing disease on leaves, ears, and stalks, this pathogen has the potential to cause severe yield and quality losses to corn in the United States (2). References: (1) M. L. Carson. Diseases of minor importance or limited occurrence. Page 23 in: Compendium of Corn Diseases. 3rd ed. The American Phytopathological Society, St. Paul, MN, 1999. (2) F. M. Latterell and A. E. Rossi. Plant Dis. 67:725, 1983. (3) N. S. Lord et al. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 42:327, 2002.

Classical morphology in zygomycete taxonomy

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (S1) ◽  
pp. 725-730 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald L. Benny
Keyword(s):  
Cell Formation ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Spore Morphology ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
Species Taxonomy

Classification of Zygomycetes has evolved with the description of new taxa and the rediscovery and redescription of known species. Taxonomy of orders in Zygomycetes is based on the morphology of the spore forming structures, sporangia and (or) sporangiola, or merosporangia. Some organisms produce only zygospores, azygospores, chlamydospores, or a combination of these structures. The occurrence and morphology of any of the aforementioned structures and others (e.g., stolons and rhizoids, apophyses, branching pattern, fertile vesicles) are used to ascertain the phylogenetic relationships in Mucorales. Our understanding of the morphology, development, and phylogeny of Zygomycetes has been enhanced by using microscopic observations and cladistic analysis of data sets derived both from small subunit rDNA and morphology. Many morphological characters (e.g., trophocyst, yeast cell formation) still appear to be reliable phylogenetic indicators while others (e.g., spore morphology) are too variable. The value of zygospore morphology is reduced because the sexual spore has never been reported for many taxa. Many characters used to circumscribe mucoralean families probably do not indicate relationships but still are useful in identification. Sporangiola should be considered indistinct from sporangia. Key words: cladistics, morphology, Mucorales, phylogeny, sporangia, sporangiola.

scholarly journals Baujardia mirabilis gen. n., sp. n. from pitcher plants and its phylogenetic position within Panagrolaimidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida)

Nematology ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Van Driessche ◽  
Irma Tandingan De Ley ◽  
Paul De Ley ◽  
Hendrik Segers ◽  
Wim Bert
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Female Reproductive System ◽  
Line Drawings ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Rdna Sequence Data

AbstractMeasurements, line drawings and scanning electromicrographs are provided of Baujardia mirabilis gen. n., sp. n., isolated from pitcher fluid of Nepenthes mirabilis from Thailand. The new genus differs from all known nematodes in having two opposing and offset spermatheca-like pouches at the junction of oviduct and uterus. It also differs from most known Rhabditida in having four cephalic setae instead of papillae. Phylogenetic analysis of small subunit rDNA sequence data robustly places the new genus within Panagrolaimidae as a sister taxon to Panagrellus. These unusual nematodes resemble Panagrellus in body size (1.8-2.7 mm in females, 1.3-1.9 mm in males) and in the monodelphic, prodelphic female reproductive system with thickened vaginal walls and prominent postvulval sac. However, they differ from Panagrellus in the characters mentioned above, in their comparatively longer stegostom and in the shape of the male spicules. Because of its aberrant characters, inclusion of this new genus in Panagrolaimidae requires changes to the family diagnosis.

scholarly journals Parametarhizium (Clavicipitaceae) gen. nov. With Two New Species as a Potential Biocontrol Agent Isolated From Forest Litters in Northeast China

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siyu Gao ◽  
Wei Meng ◽  
Lixiang Zhang ◽  
Qun Yue ◽  
Xu Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Northeast China ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Callosobruchus Chinensis ◽  
Small Subunit Rdna ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Insect Activity ◽  
Multigene Phylogenetic Analysis

A novel genus Parametarhizium with two new entomopathogenic species, Parametarhizium changbaiense and Parametarhizium hingganense, was introduced based on their morphological characteristics and a multigene phylogenetic analysis, which were isolated from the forest litters collected in Northeast China. To infer their phylogenetic relationships, a six-gene dataset consisting of DNA fragments of [nuclear small subunit rDNA (SSU) + LSU + TUB + TEF + RPB1 + RPB2] was used for phylogenetic analysis, including 105 related fungi. The new genus Parametarhizium formed a monophyletic clade basal to Metarhizium and its related genera (formerly Metarhizium sensu lato). Parametarhizium can be morphologically distinguished from related genera by the combination of the following characteristics: formation of white to yellow colonies on different media, candelabrum-like arrangement of cylindrical or obpyriform phialides, and small subglobose to ellipsoidal conidia. Both P. hingganense and P. changbaiense exhibited anti-insect activities against three farmland pests Monolepta hieroglyphica, Callosobruchus chinensis, and Rhopalosiphum maidis. This is the first report of entomopathogenic fungi exhibiting the anti-insect activity against Mo. hieroglyphica.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and morphology of Premilcurensis gen. nov. (Pleosporales) from stems of Senecio in Italy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saowaluck Tibpromma ◽  
ITTHAYAKORN PROMPUTTHA ◽  
RUNGTIWA PHOOKAMSAK ◽  
SARANYAPHAT BOONMEE ◽  
ERIO CAMPORESI CAMPORESI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Unique Combination ◽  
Comprehensive Description ◽  
High Bootstrap Support ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Lineage ◽  
High Bootstrap

Premilcurensis senecionis gen. et and sp. nov. was collected on stems of Senecio sp. from Forlì-Cesena Province, Italy and is introduced in Phaeosphaeriaceae with the support of a unique combination of morphological characters and combined gene phylogenetic analyses. Premilcurensis is distinguished from other genera in Phaeosphaeriaceae in having fusiform to cylindrical, hyaline to yellow-green ascospores with 3–5 septa, and mucilaginous, wing-like appendages at the central septum. Phylogenies analyses show Premilcurensis as a distinct lineage from other genera in the family Phaeosphaeriaceae with high bootstrap support. A comprehensive description and micrographs of P. senecionis is provided and the new genus is compared with morphologically similar taxa.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Employment Issues in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Marlene Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Unemployment Rates

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the United States face problems of discrimination, the glass ceiling, and very high long-term unemployment rates. As a diverse population, although some Asian Americans are more successful than average, others, like those from Southeast Asia and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), work in low-paying jobs and suffer from high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, and low earnings. Collecting more detailed and additional data from employers, oversampling AAPIs in current data sets, making administrative data available to researchers, providing more resources for research on AAPIs, and enforcing nondiscrimination laws and affirmative action mandates would assist this population.

scholarly journals First record of a nonpaleotropical intejocerid cephalopod from Darriwilian (Middle Ordovician) strata of central Spain

2019 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-278
Author(s):  
Björn Kröger ◽  
Juan Carlos Gutiérrez-Marco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
First Record ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central Spain ◽  
Middle Ordovician ◽  
A New Species

AbstractThe order Intejocerida is an enigmatic, short-lived cephalopod taxon known previously only from Early–Middle Ordovician beds of Siberia and the United States. Here we report a new genus, Cabaneroceras, and a new species, C. aznari, from Middle Ordovician strata of central Spain. This finding widens the paleogeographic range of the order toward high-paleolatitudinal areas of peri-Gondwana. A curved conch, characteristic for the new genus, was previously unknown from members of the Intejocerida.UUID: http://zoobank.org/21f0a09c-5265-4d29-824b-6b105d36b791

Origins and Destinations – Social Security Claimant Dynamics

1998 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL NOBLE ◽  
SIN YI CHEUNG ◽  
GEORGE SMITH
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Income Support ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Family Structures ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Lone Parents ◽  
Lone Mothers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Short Time

This article briefly reviews American and British literature on welfare dynamics and examines the concepts of welfare dependency and ‘dependency culture’ with particular reference to lone parents. Using UK benefit data sets, the welfare dynamics of lone mothers are examined to explore the extent to which they inform the debates. Evidence from Housing Benefits data show that even over a relatively short time period, there is significant turnover in the benefits-dependent lone parent population with movement in and out of income support as well as movement into other family structures. Younger lone parents and owner-occupiers tend to leave the data set while older lone parents and council tenants are most likely to stay. Some owner-occupier lone parents may be relatively well off and on income support for a relatively short time between separation and a financial settlement being reached. They may also represent a more highly educated and highly skilled group with easier access to the labour market than renters. Any policy moves paralleling those in the United States to time limit benefit will disproportionately affect older lone parents.

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