Effect of soil moisture and temperature during fallow on survival of contrasting isolates of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Botany ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (10) ◽  
pp. 1117-1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Lekberg ◽  
R. T. Koide
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Moist Soil ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Freeze Thaw ◽  
Bait Plants ◽  
Soil Hyphae ◽  
Semi Arid

Many arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal species have worldwide distributions. However, it is not clear whether such species have adapted to local conditions. We compared the responses of mesic temperate and semi-arid tropical isolates of Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum to extremes of temperature and moisture in a pot experiment. Treatments (warm–moist, warm–dry, freeze/thaw–moist, freeze/thaw–dry) were applied to whole soil mycorrhizal inoculum, and their effects were evaluated as both the change in viability of extraradical hyphae and mycorrhizal colonization of bait plants. Moist soil decreased hyphal viability compared with dry soil, irrespective of temperature, but mycorrhizal colonization of bait plants was lower in moist soil only when warm. Frost-heave could have physically ruptured hyphae in the freezing–moist soil without an effect on spores, but parasitism and (or) respiratory depletion of carbon reserves may have reduced survival of all propagules in the warm–moist soil. Hyphae of semi-arid tropical isolates survived all treatments better than hyphae of mesic temperate isolates, but these differences were not reflected in mycorrhizal colonization of bait plants. We found no evidence that these isolates have adapted to local conditions of moisture and temperature. Instead, wide environmental tolerances seem to be present within both populations of these AM fungal species.

scholarly journals Fungos micorrízicos arbusculares influenciam o desempenho hortícola de cultivares de morangueiro

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. e45410716972
Author(s):  
José Luís Trevizan Chiomento ◽  
João Eduardo Carniel de Paula ◽  
Fabiola Stockmans De Nardi ◽  
Thomas dos Santos Trentin ◽  
Fernando Brollo Magro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Total Flavonoids ◽  
Plant Host ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Total Anthocyanins ◽  
Strawberry Cultivars

The inoculation of strawberry cultivars with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is a profitable and viable biotechnological tool, with potential to improve the horticultural performance of plants. However, this biotechnology is lacking and unknown to producers. The aim of the research was to investigate whether strawberry cultivars in the absence and presence of inoculation with AMF differ in their horticultural performance. The treatments, delineated in a bifactorial scheme, were four strawberry cultivars in the absence and presence of two AMF-based inoculants. The experiment was designed in randomized blocks, with three replications. The root system of ‘Albion’ cultivar showed the highest mycorrhizal colonization. Claroideoglomus etunicatum showed greater capacity to infect plant roots. ‘Portola’ was the most productive cultivar and ‘Albion’ and ‘Aromas’ produced strawberries with the highest levels of total anthocyanins. It is concluded that the use of mycorrhizal biotechnology enhances the levels of total flavonoids in fruits of the ‘Albion’ cultivar inoculated with the fungal species C. etunicatum. The root system of ‘Albion’ cultivar has greater mycorrhizal colonization. The fungal species C. etunicatum is more effective in colonizing the roots of the plant host. It is suggested to use the ‘Portola’ cultivar to obtain higher fruit yields and the ‘Albion’ and ‘Aromas’ cultivars for producers who aim to obtain strawberries with higher levels of total anthocyanins. ‘Aromas’ is recommended for those seeking a dual purpose (production and quality).

Occurrence of Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Alberta, Canada

1993 ◽  
Vol 48 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 923-929 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Boyetchko ◽  
J. P. Tewari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Glomus Aggregatum ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Spore Walls ◽  
Scanning Electron

Abstract Three V A mycorrhizal fungal species were isolated from soils in Alberta, Canada and examined by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis. Mature spores of Glomus aggregatum developed an outer hyaline wall which contained lower levels of calcium than the middle wall. Examination of G. pansihalos spores revealed a lower level of calcium in the outer evanescent wall as compared to the ornamented wall. When spores of Entrophospora infrequens were examined, the wall of the vesicle was found to contain similar levels of calcium as the ornamented wall of the spore. The significance of the results concerning the presence of calcium in mycorrhizal spore walls is discussed, as is the occurrence of the mycorrhizal species.

scholarly journals Seasonal Diversity of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Mangroves of Goa, India

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D’Souza ◽  
Bernard Felinov Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Spore ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Spore Density ◽  
Species Variation ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Mangrove Plant

Seasonal dynamics of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community composition in three common mangrove plant species, namely, Acanthus ilicifolius, Excoecaria agallocha, and Rhizophora mucronata, from two sites in Goa, India, were investigated. In all three species variation in AM fungal spore density was observed. Maximum spore density and AM species richness were recorded in the premonsoon season, while minimum spore density and richness were observed during monsoon season at both sites. A total of 11 AM fungal species representing five genera were recorded. Acaulospora laevis was recorded in all seasons at both sites. Multivariate analysis revealed that season and host coaffected AM spore density and species richness with the former having greater influence than the latter.

scholarly journals Mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and phosphorus fertilizer on growth, essential oil production and nutrient uptake in peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.C. Arango ◽  
M.F. Ruscitti ◽  
M.G. Ronco ◽  
J. Beltrano
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Glomus Intraradices ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Mentha Piperita ◽  
Essential Oil Yield ◽  
Essential Oil Production

This study evaluated the effects of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices A4 and Glomus intraradices B1 and two phosphorus levels (10 and 40 mg kg-1) on root colonization, plant growth, nutrient uptake and essential oil content in Mentha piperita L. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in 4x2 factorial arrangement, in completely randomized design. At sixty days after transplanting, the mycorrhizal plants had significantly higher fresh matter, dry matter and leaf area compared to non-mycorrhizal plants. The inoculation increased P, K and Ca levels in the shoot which were higher under 40 mg P kg-1 of soil. Plants grown with 40 mg P kg-1 soil increased the essential oil yield per plant by about 40-50% compared to those cultivated with 10 mg P kg-1, regardless of the mycorrhizal treatment. Among the studied fungal species, inoculation with G. intraradices A4 and a high level of P significantly increased plant growth and essential oil yield, compared to the other studied mycorrhizal fungal species. In conclusion, inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi into peppermint plants is a feasible alternative to increase the essential oil production and reduce the use of fertilizers required to obtain economic production of peppermint under phosphorus-deficient soil condition.

scholarly journals FUNGOS MICORRÍZICOS ARBUSCULARES E DOSES DE FÓSFORO NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE GUANANDI

Nativa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Edilson Nonato Da Silva ◽  
Aline Torquato Tavares ◽  
Cândida Pereira Da Silva ◽  
Tiago Alves Ferreira ◽  
João Victor Gonçalves Carline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
University Campus ◽  
Experimental Station ◽  
Calophyllum Brasiliense ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Forest Engineering

O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Engenharia Florestal do Campus Universitário de Gurupi, Universidade Federal do Tocantins (UFT), com objetivo de determinar a melhor dose de fósforo na presença de fungos arbusculares em mudas de guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Camb.) O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado com três repetições em esquema fatorial 6 x 2. Os tratamentos foram seis doses de fósforo (0; 400; 800; 1200; 1600 e 2000 g de P2O5 por m³) no substrato na presença e ausência de Fungos Micorrízos Arbusculares (FMAs). As características avaliadas foram altura das plantas, diâmetro do caule, massa seca da parte aérea (MSPA), massa seca da raiz (MSR), massa seca total (MST) e colonização micorrízica. Os diferentes níveis de adubação influenciaram a colonização micorrízica arbuscular. Nas doses 400 e 1600 g de fósforo por m3 de substrato observou-se maior porcentagem de colonização. A altura e o diâmetro das plantas foram significativamente afetados pela presença de P2O5. A massa seca da parte aérea e massa seca total não é afetada por doses de P2O5. O melhor desempenho das mudas de C. brasiliense ocorreu aos 90 dias com dose de 1.421 g de P2O5 por m3 de substrato.Palavras-chave: Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., adubação, micorrização. MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI AND PHOSPHORUS DOSES IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF GUANANDI SEEDLINGS ABSTRACT:The experiment was carried out at the Forest Engineering Experimental Station of the Federal University of Tocantins (UFT), University Campus of Gurupi, with the objective of determining the best dose of phosphorus in the presence of arbuscular fungi in guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Camb. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replicates in a 6 x 2 factorial scheme. The treatments were six doses of phosphorus (0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600 and 2000 g of P2O5 per m³) on the substrate in the presence and absence of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMAs). The evaluated characteristics were plant height, stem diameter, shoot dry mass (MSPA), root dry mass (MSR), total dry mass (MST) and mycorrhizal colonization. The different levels of fertilization influenced arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. At 400 and 1600 g of phosphorus per m3 of substrate, a higher percentage of colonization was observed. The height and diameter of the plants were significantly affected by the presence of P2O5. Dry shoot mass and total dry mass are not affected by P2O5 doses. The best performance of C. brasiliense seedlings occurred at 90 days with a dose of 1421 g of P2O5 per m3 of substrate.Keywords: Calophyllum brasiliense Camb., fertilization, mycorrhization. DOI:

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) of the Vistula Bar

2014 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 39-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Iwona Adamska ◽  
Beata Czerniawska
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Soil Mixtures ◽  
Plant Families

The occurrence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) of the, phylum <i>Glomeromycota</i> associated with plants of maritime sand dunes of the Vistula Bar localed in north-eastern Poland was investigated. The presence of AMF was revealed based on spores isolated from field-collected root-rhizosphere soil mixtures and two-cycle pot trap cultures established with parts of these mixtures. The mixtures came from under five species in four plant families. Spores of AMF occurred in 54.8% of the field samples and belonged to eight species. Additionally, culturing of root-soil mixtures in trap cultures revealed nine species and three undescribed morphotypes carlier not found in the field samples. Considering the number of records of species and morphotypes in the field samples and trap cultures, the fungal species most frequently occurring in dunes of the Vistula Bar is <i>Scutellospora dipurpurescens</i>, followed by <i>Archaeospora trappei, Glomus laccatum</i>, and <i>Scu. armeniaca</i>. The overall average spore abundance in the field samples is low (4.48, range O-3l in 100g dry soil). The ovcrall average species richness determined based on spores from both the field and trap cultures was 2 l and ranged from 0 lo 7 in 100g dry soil. The plant harbouring the highest number of species of AMF was <i>Festuca rubra</i>. Of the maritime dune sites of Poland examined to date, the species composition of AMF of the Vistula Bar is most similar to that of the Słowiński National Park. When the comparisons included 15 maritime dune areas located outside Poland, the highest similarity occurred in the Vistula Bar/Canada comparison.

Interspecific differences in the tolerance of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to freezing and drying

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (10) ◽  
pp. 1161-1166 ◽  
Author(s):  
John N Klironomos ◽  
Miranda M Hart ◽  
Jane E Gurney ◽  
Peter Moutoglis
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Drought Treatment ◽  
Interspecific Differences ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal communities in northern temperate ecosystems must function during extremes in environmental conditions. However, it is not known if arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that co-exist in soil communities have similar tolerances to stresses such as drought and freezing. The phenology of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi was determined over one year in a community in southern Ontario, Canada. Five fungal species from the same community were then used to inoculate five plant species, in all possible combinations, and were subjected to either a freezing treatment or a drought treatment after which new seedlings were transplanted into the treated pots. The percent colonization of roots of each plant species was measured as the difference in mean colonization from the control. Freezing reduced percent colonization in almost every case, whereas drought resulted in both increased and decreased percent colonization. Fungal species responded differently to the treatments, and there was a pronounced plant × fungus effect. These results support the hypothesis that distinct functional groups of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi exist, and these may determine plant community structure.Key words: arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, freezing, drying, functional diversity.

scholarly journals Detection of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with pecan (Carya illinoinensis) trees by molecular and morphological approaches

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 73-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Fernández Bidondo ◽  
R. P. Colombo ◽  
M. Recchi ◽  
V. A. Silvani ◽  
M. Pérgola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Community ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Community Composition ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Fungal Specificity

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal community associated with pecan (Caryaillinoinensis) roots and rhizospheric soils was assessed by spore isolation and morphological characterisation and by pyrosequencing of AM molecular markers. The AM fungal community associated with pecan growing in the field, was always more diverse than that associated with pecan growing in containers. This was not observed when AM richness was studied, suggesting that soil disturbance by a reduction in host plant richness leads to a less equitable distribution of AM fungal species, in contrast to natural soils. The chosen primers (AMV4.5F/AMDGR) for pyrosequencing showed high AM fungal specificity. Based on 97% sequence similarity, 49 operational taxonomic units (MOTUs) were obtained and, amongst these, 41 MOTUs corresponded to the Glomeromycotaphylum. The number of obtained AM sequences ranged from 2164, associated with field samples, to 5572 obtained from pecan trap pot culture samples, defining 30 and 29 MOTUs, respectively. Richness estimated by conventional species identification was 6 and 9 AM fungal species in soil and pot samples, respectively. Claroideoglomuslamellosum, Funneliformismosseae and Entrophosporainfrequens were the only taxa detected using both techniques. Predominant sequences in the pecan rhizosphere samples, such as Rhizoglomusirregulare and other less abundant (Dominikiairanica, Dominikiaindica, Sclerocystissinuosa, Paraglomuslaccatum), were detected only by pyrosequencing. Detection of AM fungal species based on spore morphology, in combination with molecular approaches, provides a more comprehensive estimate of fungal community composition.

scholarly journals NATIVE MICROBIOTA AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH OF Paspalum millegrana SCHRAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
JOHNY DE JESUS MENDONÇA ◽  
LARISSA DE SOUZA GOIS ◽  
JACILENE FRANCISCA SOUZA SANTOS ◽  
TAMIRIS APARECIDA DE CARVALHO SANTOS ◽  
FRANCISCO SANDRO RODRIGUES HOLANDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Gigaspora Albida

ABSTRACT Paspalum millegrana grass is a member of the family Poaceae native to the Americas, whose interaction with native symbiotic fungi has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between the native microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the development of P. millegrana Schrad. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments (control, without AMF; native microbial inoculant; native + UFLA05 Gigaspora albida; native + UFLA351 Rhizoglomus clarum; native + UFLA372 Claroideoglomus etunicatum; native + UFLA401 Acaulospora morrowiae, and a mix of all treatments). The substrate was autoclaved sand and coconut powder at 2:1, with eight repetitions. The variables analyzed were: mycorrhizal colonization, dark septate endophytic fungi colonization, number of mycorrhizal spores, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, root length and volume, number of tiller and mycorrhizal dependence. Mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi colonized P. millegrana. The sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with P. millegrana was influenced by mycorrhizal colonization, depending on the fungus-plant interaction. P. millegrana was responsive to native + UFLA05 and native + UFLA351. No correlation between tiller emergence and mycorrhizal colonization of P. millegrana was observed.

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