Response of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea) seedlings to NaCl during the onset of bud break

2006 ◽  
Vol 84 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Mustard ◽  
Sylvie Renault
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity ◽  
Greenhouse Study ◽  
Cornus Sericea ◽  
Bud Breaking

A greenhouse study was designed to test the response of red-osier dogwood (Cornus sericea L.) to NaCl during the onset of bud break. Seedlings treated with 50 mmol·L–1 NaCl for 32 d had lower shoot dry mass and shoot height than untreated seedlings. Transpiration and photosynthetic rates, chlorophyll b and carotenoid concentrations of red-osier dogwood seedlings were significantly reduced by NaCl treatment. The shoots of seedlings treated with 50 mmol·L–1 NaCl had a higher bulk modulus of cell wall elasticity than those of untreated seedlings, but the water potential components determined from the pressure-volume curves, osmotic potential and pressure potential at full turgor and osmotic potential at pressure loss, suggest that this change did not contribute to salt tolerance. Minor changes, including a small increase in arabinose of the hemicellulose fraction and a decrease in both galactose and rhamnose of the pectin fraction, also occurred in response to NaCl treatment. These changes in cell wall composition and elasticity could be partly attributed to differences in the developmental stage of the shoot tissues resulting from the delay in bud breaking in salt treated plants.

scholarly journals Antitranspirants Do not Reduce Transplant Shock of Impatiens Seedlings in a Greenhouse

1998 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc van Iersel
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Slow Growth ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Transplant Shock ◽  
Necrotic Spots ◽  
Vapor Gard

Transplanting can result in root damage, thereby limiting the uptake of water and nutrients by plants. This can slow growth and sometimes cause plant death. Antitranspirants have been used to minimize transplant shock of vegetables. The objective of this research was to determine if antitranspirants are useful to reduce transplant shock of impatiens (Impatiens wallerana Hook.f.) seedlings in the greenhouse. Seedling foliage was dipped in or sprayed with antitranspirant (Vapor Gard or WiltPruf) and shoot dry mass was determined at weekly intervals. Antitranspirants reduced posttransplant growth of impatiens as compared to untreated plants, possibly because of a decrease in stomatal conductance, leading to a decrease in photosynthesis. The two dip treatments also caused phytotoxic effects (necrotic spots) on the leaves. In a second study, leaf water, osmotic and pressure potential were determined at 2, 9, and 16 days after transplant. Application of antitranspirants (as a dip or spray) decreased water and osmotic potential compared to control plants. The results of this study indicate that antitranspirants are not useful for minimizing transplant shock of impatiens under greenhouse conditions.

The effect of humidity, root excision, and potassium supply on hypocotyl elongation in dark-grown seedlings of Helianthus annuus

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordon I. McIntyre ◽  
John S. Boyer
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Osmotic Potential ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Pressure Potential ◽  
Cell Turgor ◽  
Low Humidity ◽  
Potassium Supply ◽  
Root Excision ◽  
Growing Region

When seedlings of Helianthus annuus L. were grown in the dark with their roots in vermiculite saturated with distilled water the rate of elongation of the hypocotyl was significantly increased by increasing the relative humidity around the shoot from approximately 25 to 100%. This response was correlated with a reduction in transpiration rate of approximately 95% and with increases in the water potential and cell turgor in the growing region. Measurements with a transducer revealed very rapid growth responses to changes in humidity, usually preceded by a variable period of growth oscillations. Excision of the roots, either in water or in air, induced an immediate increase in rate of elongation at low humidity, but at high humidity this response was delayed and markedly reduced. The growth rate was significantly increased by supplying 10 mM KCl to the roots at both high and low humidity. The response to K was slower than the response to humidity and was correlated with a significant reduction in the osmotic potential of the growing region. A growth response was first detected approximately 45 min after the application of K to the roots and 10 min after application to the shoot. These results arc consistent with the hypothesis that, in the intact plant, stem elongation is largely controlled by the interacting effects on cell turgor of transpiration-induced negative pressure potential in the apoplast and the osmotic potential of the growing cells.

scholarly journals AVOCADO SEEDLINGS MULTIPLE STEMS PRODUCTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
MARCUS VINICIUS SANDOVAL PAIXÃO ◽  
JOSÉ CARLOS LOPES ◽  
EDILSON ROMAIS SCHMILDT ◽  
RODRIGO SOBREIRA ALEXANDRE ◽  
CAROLINE MERLO MENEGHELLI
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Adventitious Rooting ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Federal Institute ◽  
Multiple Stems

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the potential of multi-stems in avocado seeds according to their mass as well as the adventitious rooting of multi-stem budding with or without the use of auxin. The research was carried out at the Vegetation House of Federal Institute of Espírito Santo, Campus Santa Teresa -ES, with seeds of different masses: <60 g, 61 to 80 g, 81 to 100 g and >100 g, in which each experimental unit was made of five seeds, distributed within five repetitions, under a completely randomized design. The seeds were put to germinate and the percentage number of emergence and multiple stems were evaluated. After 150 days, the following evaluations were carried out: survival of rooted cuttings; number of leaves; stem diameter; root length; root volume; root and shoot fresh mass; root and shoot dry mass; shoot height; absolute growth and shoot growth rate; shoot dry weight/root dry mass ratio; shoot height/stem diameter ratio; shoot height/root length and Dickson's quality index ratio. Avocado seeds with mass over 100 g and between 81-100 g presented higher percentage of multiple stems. Rods over 20 cm that were not treated with IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) resulted on avocado plants of better quality. The use of IBA (2000 mg L-1) does not affect the rooting and growth of avocado's multi-stem plants.

Atomic force microscopy based analysis of cell-wall elasticity in macroalgae

2018 ◽  
pp. 335-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Torode ◽  
Marina Linardic ◽  
J. Louis Kaplan ◽  
Siobhan A. Braybrook
Keyword(s):  
Atomic Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity ◽  
Atomic Force

scholarly journals Growth and Physiological Traits Associated with Drought Survival and Post-drought Recovery in Perennial Turfgrass Species

2010 ◽  
Vol 135 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qi Chai ◽  
Fang Jin ◽  
Emily Merewitz ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Perennial Grass ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity ◽  
Drought Recovery ◽  
Drought Survival

The objective of this study was to determine physiological traits for drought survival and post-drought recovery upon re-watering in two C3 perennial grass species, kentucky bluegrass [KBG (Poa pratensis)] and perennial ryegrass [PRG (Lolium perenne)]. Plants were maintained well watered or exposed to drought stress by withholding irrigation and were then re-watered in a growth chamber. KBG had significantly higher grass quality and leaf photochemical efficiency, and lower electrolyte leakage than PRG during 20 days of drought. After 7 days of re-watering, drought-damaged leaves were rehydrated to the control level in KBG, but could not fully recover in PRG. KBG produced a greater number of new roots, while PRG had more rapid elongation of new roots after 16 days of re-watering. Superior drought tolerance in KBG was associated with osmotic adjustment, higher cell wall elasticity, and lower relative water content at zero turgor. Osmotic adjustment, cell wall elasticity, and cell membrane stability could play important roles in leaf desiccation tolerance and drought survival in perennial grass species. In addition, post-drought recovery of leaf hydration level and physiological activity could be associated with the accumulation of carbohydrates in leaves and rhizomes during drought stress and new root production after re-watering.

scholarly journals The effect of low initial medium pH on in vitro white poplar growth

2013 ◽  
pp. 67-80
Author(s):  
Branislav Kovacevic ◽  
Dragana Miladinovic ◽  
Marina Katanic ◽  
Zoran Tomovic ◽  
Sasa Pekec
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Initial Ph ◽  
The Media ◽  
Initial Medium ◽  
Shoot Mass

The effect of low initial medium pH on shoot and root development of five white poplar (Populus alba L.) genotypes was tested. The shoot height, fresh mass of shoots per jar, dry mass of shoots per jar, number of roots, as well as the length of the longest root were measured and final pH of the media determined, after 35 days of culture in vitro. Three initial pH values of the medium were tested: 3.0, 4.0 and 5.5 as control. Agar solidification at pH 3.0 was not achieved after sterilization in autoclave, but it was successful after sterilizing in a microwave oven. The obtained results indicate that the tested genotypes are able to significantly influence the changes of media pH during culture. The effect of differences among the examined media was significant for biomass accumulation and final media pH. Generally, significantly higher values of fresh and dry shoot mass, shoot height and the longest root length were recorded on a medium with initial pH 3.0 then on a standard medium with pH 5.5.The implications of the obtained results for the improvement of in vitro propagation of white poplars are discussed.

Cell wall elasticity and Water Index (R970 nm/R900 nm) in wheat under different nitrogen availabilities

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 373-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. PENUELAS ◽  
I. FILELLA ◽  
L. SERRANO ◽  
R. SAVÉ
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Cell Wall Elasticity

scholarly journals Cuttings of Lippia alba with emphasis on time for seedling formation, substrates and plant growth regulators

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina B Lima ◽  
Ana C Boaventura ◽  
Marli M Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Growth Regulators ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Lippia Alba ◽  
Statistical Designs ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Relationship

We aimed to establish the period of time required for seedlings formation, as well as to evaluate the effect of substrates and plant growth regulators in cuttings of L. alba. Three experiments were performed, with statistical designs chosen according to each test objectives. Rooting (%), shoot height (cm), longest root length (cm), leaves number, fresh and dry matter masses (g), were analyzed. The absolute rate of shoot and root system growth, together with the relationship between dry mass of roots and shoots were efficient in predicting the period of greatest speed and accumulation of organic matter in plants. The plant growth regulators favored the vegetative performance of seedlings, with better development 30 days after the cuttings containing mineral fertilizers, vermicompost, clay soil and sand commercially known as 'medium sand'.

Alginate gel entrapped ectomycorrhizal inoculum promoted growth of cuttings of Eucalyptus clones under nursery conditions

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 978-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiomar Soares da Costa ◽  
Paulo Henrique Grazziotti ◽  
Alexandre Christófaro Silva ◽  
Arley José Fonseca ◽  
Ângela Laís Fernandes Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Vegetative Mycelium ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Shoot Height ◽  
Rooted Cutting ◽  
Alginate Gel ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Calcium Alginate Gel

Plant inoculation with ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) maximizes the productive potential of forest stands. Thus, the inoculation efficiency of calcium alginate gel entrapped EMF vegetative mycelium was evaluated in a commercial nursery using cuttings of Eucalyptus clones GG100 and GG680. The cuttings were inoculated with Pisolithus microcarpus G. Cunn. (Cooke & Massee), Hysterangium gardneri E. Fisch., and Scleroderma areolatum Ehrenb. The cuttings were cultivated under low phosphate fertilization and compared with uninoculated control treatments with reduced phosphate (low P control) and full phosphate (high P control) fertilization. Pisolithus microcarpus inoculation increased shoot height, root collar diameter, shoot dry mass, total dry mass, and frequency of maximum score for root ball formation of the two clones compared with the low P control treatment. Also, in relation to the low P control treatment, H. gardneri inoculation increased shoot dry mass in GG100 rooted cuttings. Scleroderma areolatum inoculation did not enhance any characteristic of Eucalyptus rooted cuttings. Inoculation of vegetative mycelium with EMF impregnated in calcium alginate gel intensified rooted cutting growth in a commercial Eucalyptus nursery and decreased the phosphate dose required. Based on the comparison of two Eucalyptus clones, efficiency of the inoculants in promoting benefits depends on the fungus and the Eucalyptus clone. Pisolithus microcarpus is most promising for inoculation in Eucalyptus cuttings.

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