Fungi vectored by the introduced bark beetle Tomicus piniperda in Ontario, Canada, and comments on the taxonomy of Leptographium lundbergii, Leptographium terebrantis, Leptographium truncatum, and Leptographium wingfieldii

2005 ◽  
Vol 83 (10) ◽  
pp. 1222-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Hausner ◽  
M. Iranpour ◽  
J.-J. Kim ◽  
C. Breuil ◽  
C.N. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New York State ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Tomicus Piniperda ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Leptographium Terebrantis ◽  
Southern Species

Fungi isolated from Tomicus piniperda (L.) galleries in infected trap logs, standing trees, and directly from insects were identified using morphological features and molecular data obtained from the mitochondrial and nuclear DNA region. Identified strains represented Leptographium wingfieldii Morelet, Leptographium procerum (Kendr.) Wingf., Leptographium lundbergii Lag. & Melin sensu Jacobs & Wingfield, Ophiostoma ips (Rumb.) Nannf., Ophiostoma minus (Hedg.) H. & P. Syd., and Sphaeropsis sapinea sensu lato. Leptographium wingfieldii is believed to be a potentially pathogenic introduced fungus, but sequence data suggest a possible connection between it and the teleomorph of Ophiostoma aureum (Robinson-Jeffrey & Davids.) T.C. Harrington (reported from British Columbia and the western United States). Our data also show that the ex-type culture of Leptographium terebrantis Barras & Perry, a species very similar morphologically to L. wingfieldii, also grouped with L. wingfieldii. We also identified strains of Leptographium truncatum (Wingf. & Marasas) Wingf.; this species has been synonymized with L. lundbergii, but our data indicate that these are distinct species, and therefore, the name L. truncatum should be reinstated. We also report the extended presence of L. procerum in Ontario. Previously viewed as a “southern” species frequently associated with pine-root decline diseases, it has been infrequently reported from New York state and but once each from Ontario and Quebec.

scholarly journals When forms meet genes: revision of the scleractinian genera Micromussa and Homophyllia (Lobophylliidae) with a description of two new species and one new genus

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Arrigoni ◽  
Francesca Benzoni ◽  
Danwei Huang ◽  
Hironobu Fukami ◽  
Chaolun Allen Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Eastern Australia

The scleractinian family Lobophylliidae is undergoing a major taxonomic revision thanks to the combination of molecular and morphological data. In this study, we investigate the evolutionary relationships and the macro- and micromorphology of six nominal coral species belonging to two of the nine molecular clades of the Lobophylliidae, clades A and B, and of Symphyllia wilsoni, a lobophylliid species analyzed from a molecular point of view for the first time. Sequence data from mitochondrial DNA (COI and the intergenic spacer between COI and l-rRNA), and nuclear DNA (histone H3 and ITS region) are used to generate robust molecular phylogenies and a median-joining haplotype network. Molecular results are strongly in agreement with detailed observations of gross- and fine-scale morphology of skeletons, leading to the formal revision of the genera Micromussa and Homophyllia and the description of two newly discovered zooxanthellate shallow-water species, Micromussa pacifica sp. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni and Micromussa indiana sp. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni, and a new genus, Australophyllia gen. nov. Benzoni & Arrigoni. In particular, Acanthastrea lordhowensis and Montastraea multipunctata are moved into Micromussa, A. hillae is synonymized with A. bowerbanki and is transferred to Homophyllia, and a revised diagnosis for both genera is provided. Micromussa pacifica sp. nov. is described from the Gambier Islands with its distribution spanning New Caledonia and eastern Australia. Despite a superficial resemblance with Homophyllia australis, it has distinctive macroand micromorphological septal features. Micromussa indiana sp. nov., previously identified as M. amakusensis, is here described from the Gulf of Aden and the southern Red Sea as a distinct species that is genetically separated from M. amakusensis and is morphologically distinct from the latter due to its smaller corallite size and lower number of septa. Finally, molecular trees show that S. wilsoni is closely related, but molecularly separated from clades A and B, and, also based on a unique combination of corallite and sub-corallite characters, the species is moved into Australophyllia gen. nov. These findings confirm the need for using both genetic and morphological datasets for the ongoing taxonomic revision of scleractinian corals.

Morphology and molecular studies on large Neidium species (Bacillariophyta) of North America, including an examination of Ehrenberg’s types

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keely E Lefebvre ◽  
Paul B Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
North America ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
New York State ◽  
Central Area ◽  
Large Species ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Future Work

The genus Neidium contains a large array of diatoms with a wide range in structural and morphological forms. Many of the larger species in this genus are old taxa dating back to the 1800s. However, there continues to be confusion over these large species including N. iridis, N. dilatatum, N. firma, and N. amphigomphus. In this study, selected Neidium taxa from North America were examined using LM and SEM images from both Ehrenberg’s original samples and present day samples from Ontario (Canada) and New York State (USA). As well, Neidium individuals were isolated from Adriondack Park, NY (USA) and Ontario (Canada), amplified using a nested PCR protocol and sequenced for rbcL and 18S barcoding genes. The sequence data was concatenated to construct phylogenetic trees using Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Analysis techniques. Here we present emended species descriptions and sequence data of four previously named Neidium taxa: N. tumescens, N. hitchcockii, N. dilatatum and N. amphigomphus. In addition, we designate isolectotypes for N. hitchcockii, N. dilatatum and N. amphigomphus. A new species is also formally described—N. fossum, sp. nov.—with a designated holotype and sequence data. Neidium fossum is distinguished by its size, longitudinal canal structure, central area and proximal raphe ends. Future work combining traditional morphological methods and phylogenetic methods will allow for further delineation of Neidium species and other diatom taxa.

A new species of cat-eyed snake (Serpentes: Dipsadinae: Leptodeirini) from the Andes of southern Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4895 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-380
Author(s):  
OMAR TORRES-CARVAJAL ◽  
JUAN C. SÁNCHEZ-NIVICELA ◽  
VALENTINA POSSE ◽  
ELVIS CELI ◽  
CLAUDIA KOCH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Leptodeira is one of the most widespread and taxonomically problematic snake taxa in the Americas. Here we describe a new species of Leptodeira from the Andes of southern Ecuador based on morphological and molecular data. The new species is geographically close and morphologically similar to L. ornata and L. larcorum, from which it can be distinguished by having smaller dorsal body blotches, a longer tail, and shorter spines on the hemipenial body. The shortest genetic distances between the new species and its congeners are 0.02 (16S), 0.05 (cytb), and 0.18 (ND4). The new species is restricted to the Jubones River Basin in southern Ecuador, an area of endemism for other reptile species. Our phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data also supports recognition of the names L. larcorum (restricted to Peru) for “L. septentrionalis larcorum”, and L. ornata for populations of “L. s. ornata” from central and eastern Panama, western Colombia, and western Ecuador. However, some samples of “L. s. ornata” from Panama and Costa Rica, as well as the new species described herein, are not included within or more closely related to L. ornata, which is sister to the clade (L. bakeri, L. ashmeadii). 

Genetic divergence and geographic diversification in Nautilus

Paleobiology ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles G. Wray ◽  
Neil H. Landman ◽  
W. Bruce Saunders ◽  
James Bonacum
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Geographic Diversification ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Systematic Analysis

Despite exhaustive investigation of present-day Nautilus, the phylogenetic relationships of the five or six recognized species within this genus remain unclear. Mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence data plus a suite of morphological characters are used to investigate phylogenetic relationships. Systematic analysis of the morphological variation fails to characterize described species as independent lineages. However, DNA sequence analysis indicates that there are three geographically distinct clades consisting of western Pacific, eastern Australian/Papua-New Guinean, and western Australian/Indonesian forms. The morphologically and genetically distinct species Nautilus scrobiculatus falls outside the three geographically recognized assemblages. Members of the genus Nautilus also exhibit low levels of sequence divergence. All these data suggest that Nautilus is currently undergoing diversification, which may have begun only several million years ago. These data also suggest that some of the morphological features used to define Nautilus species may simply represent fixed variations in isolated populations within the same species.

scholarly journals Characterization of Pathogenic Races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis Causing Fusarium Wilt of Melon in New York

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 592-596 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Zuniga ◽  
T. A. Zitter ◽  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
D. T. Schroeder ◽  
D. Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
New York State ◽  
Washington County ◽  
Length Polymorphisms ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Compatibility Group ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Race 2

Forty-six isolates of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis obtained from soil samples throughout melon-producing areas in New York State were identified on the basis of pathogenicity and colony morphology. Physiological races 1 and 2 were identified by their reaction on a set of differential melon cultivars. Race 1 was widely distributed, occurring in six of the seven New York counties surveyed. Twenty-seven of the 28 race 1 isolates were associated with vegetative compatibility group (VCG) 0134, whereas one was incompatible with all known VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis. Twelve out of 18 race 2 isolates were associated with VCG 0131, and occurred in four counties in eastern and western New York. Five isolates of race 2, associated with VCG 0130, were recovered from a farm in Washington County, as was a single race 2 isolate which was incompatible with all known VCGs of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms in the nuclear DNA revealed variability among the isolates examined, but race 1/VCG 0134 isolates from New York and Maryland were identical or nearly so, as were race 2/VCG 0131 isolates from the two states. These findings suggest a close relationship between the populations of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis in New York and Maryland. Race 2 isolates were more virulent than race 1 isolates, based on the number of days to first symptoms and death of melon seedlings.

scholarly journals Contribution to Globularia phylogeny based on nuclear ribosomal spacer and two chloroplast DNA regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kroata Hazler Pilepić ◽  
Maja Friščić ◽  
Ahmet Duran ◽  
Semir Maslo ◽  
Rade Garić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Maximum Parsimony ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Rbcl Gene ◽  
Nuclear Its ◽  
Cellular Dna ◽  
Chloroplast Dna Regions

Background and Purpose: Molecular approach has a major impact on phylogenetic studies of plants, considering that it gives useful information about evolutionary events and relations on all taxonomic levels. The sequence data of the nuclear ITS and of two chloroplast regions, trnL-trnF spacer and rbcL gene, obtained from thirteen Globularia L. taxa, including five Anatolian endemics, representing six sections altogether, were analyzed in order to determine the relations between the European and the Anatolian species and get a better insight into the phylogeny of several closely related Globularia taxa.  Materials and Methods: Total cellular DNA was extracted from fresh or frozen leaf tissue of thirteen Globularia samples. The ITS regions of nuclear DNA and two chloroplast DNA regions were amplified and sequenced. Obtained nuclear and combined plastid data matrices were subjected to Maximum Parsimony analyses. Results and Conclusions: Molecular data that were obtained in this study indicate the existence of separate centers of diversification for the European and the Anatolian Globularia. The results provide support for relationships among the studied Anatolian endemic species and indications for a redefinition of affinities of some of the European species. The results presented herein are discussed along with available morphological, karyological, phytogeographical and molecular data. Keywords: Globularia, ITS, trnL-trnF, rbcL, Maximum Parsimony, Quaternary

A new species of Colletotrichum from Sonchus sp. in Italy

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 314 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUVISHIKA S. JAYAWARDENA ◽  
ERIO CAMPORESI ◽  
ABDALLAH M. ELGORBAN ◽  
ALI H. BAHKALI ◽  
JIYE YAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
New Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Colletotrichum Species ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
A New Species

Colletotrichum sonchicola, sp. nov. from Sonchus sp. (dandelion tribe) in Forlì-Cesena Province, Italy, is introduced using morphological and molecular data. Combined phylogenetic analysis of ITS, GAPDH, CHS, ACT and TUB2 sequence data demonstrate that C. sonchicola is a distinct species within the dematium species complex. The new species is illustrated and compared with related taxa. This provides the first record of a Colletotrichum species from the genus Sonchus.

Taxonomic status of three controversial species of Cephalanthera (Orchidaceae) from Korea based on morphological and molecular data

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 415 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
HYE WOO SHIN ◽  
CHANG SHOOK LEE ◽  
SUN A CHOI ◽  
SANG MI EUM ◽  
NAM SOOK LEE
Keyword(s):  
Chloroplast Dna ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Independent Species

The taxonomic status of three of the seven Cephalanthera species in Korea is controversial: C. erecta var. oblanceolata, C. subaphylla, and C. shizuoi. To clarify their taxonomic status, we used molecular data of ITS of nuclear DNA, and three regions of chloroplast DNA (matK, rpl16 and trnL-F), in addition to morphological characters. We analyzed 82 accessions collected from 26 sites including the other four taxa: C. erecta, C. falcata, C. longibractea, and C. longifolia. The analysis of ITS, matK, rpl16 and trnL-F data showed that Cephalanthera erecta var. oblanceolata should be treated as a synonym of C. erecta. Molecular data supported that C. subaphylla is an independent species rather than a variety or forma of C. erecta. Cephalanthera shizuoi was currently treated as a synonym of C. erecta or C. longifolia based on morphology and the molecular data supported that C. shizuoi should not be recognized as distinct species; but C. shizuoi should be a synonym of C. longifolia, not a synonym of C. erecta.

Redescription of Chimaera ogilbyi (Chimaeriformes; Chimaeridae) from the Indo-Australian region

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4375 (2) ◽  
pp. 191 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRITTANY FINUCCI ◽  
WILLIAM T. WHITE ◽  
JENNY M. KEMPER ◽  
GAVIN J.P. NAYLOR
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Mitochondrial Markers ◽  
Australian Region ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

An integrated taxonomic approach, combining both morphological and molecular data, was adopted to investigate the Hydrolagus lemures-ogilbyi group in the Indo-Australian region. Single mitochondrial markers (CO1 and NADH2) provided evidence supporting the separation of four distinct species in this group. However, detailed morphological data collected from specimens from across their range failed to find any consistent differences, and many features previously considered to be diagnostic were found to be variable. Nuclear DNA data also failed to support the differences found with the single mitochondrial markers and, together with the morphological data, supported the hypothesis that only a single species in this group is present in the Indo-Australian region. In addition, the results failed to support the current generic placement of this group in Hydrolagus, suggesting they belong to the genus Chimaera with doubt over the validity of Hydrolagus as a valid genus. The oldest available name for this group is Chimaera ogilbyi and a redescription is provided. This species occurs throughout Australia, eastern Indonesia (Java, Bali, and Lombok) and northern Papua New Guinea. 

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