Postfire succession in Pinus albicaulis – Abies lasiocarpa forests of southern British Columbia

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Campbell ◽  
Joseph A Antos
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Pinus Albicaulis ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Postfire Succession

To examine postfire succession in forests where Pinus albicaulis Englem. is common, we conducted chronosequence studies in two areas of contrasting climate in southern British Columbia. Tree age and growth data indicated that Pinus albicaulis established rapidly following fire disturbance but that trees also continued to establish in late seral stands. Interactions with Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud., which grows faster, are pivotal in controlling the population dynamics of Pinus albicaulis. Where Pinus contorta established abundantly after fire, it dominated stands and limited the abundance of Pinus albicaulis, even after the postfire Pinus contorta had largely died. In contrast, where few or no Pinus contorta established, Pinus albicaulis dominated stands throughout most of the successional sequence. Although Pinus albicaulis decreases in abundance in late seral stands, we found no evidence that it would be completely replaced by more shade-tolerant species in our study areas. Thus, Pinus albicaulis is not only a pioneer species like Pinus contorta, even though it establishes in abundance after disturbance, but also a stress tolerator, with population dynamics molded by its ability to grow slowly and persist for long periods under adverse conditions and by bird dispersal of its seeds.Key words: Abies lasiocarpa, forest fire, Picea engelmannii, Pinus albicaulis, Pinus contorta, succession.

Pre-Vashon fossil Coleoptera of Fraser age from the Fraser Lowland, British Columbia

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 498-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. F. Miller ◽  
A. V. Morgan ◽  
S. R. Hicock
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Open Forest ◽  
Distribution Ranges ◽  
The Family ◽  
Open Ground

Samples of organic silt from post-Coquitlam Quadra sand at Port Moody and Mary Hill, British Columbia (dated at 18 300 and 18 700 years BP, respectively) were examined for insect remains and yielded small assemblages of beetles.At Port Moody species of the family Staphylinidae, whose members are often associated with moss or leaf litter, are the most abundant fossils present. Other specimens included open-ground beetles of the family Carabidae, as well as weevils (Curculionidae) and bark beetles (Scolytidae), which inhabit conifers. The assemblage appears to represent an open forest-floor community. Some of the species in this site have distribution ranges that do not include the Port Moody area today, but do occur in the interior of British Columbia and at higher altitude near the coast. One of the most numerous species, Micropeplus laticollis Mäklin, occurs in duff of conifers including Picea engelmannii, Abies lasiocarpa, Pinus ponderosa, and Pinus contorta. These trees are characteristic of the subalpine forest. The insect assemblage suggests an in situ deposit, subalpine in nature, probably in a cool but dry environment that developed during the short episode when this part of the Fraser Lowland was ice free between the Coquitlam and Vashon ice advances.The beetle assemblage from Mary Hill Quadra sediments probably indicates that a bog environment existed at that time; however, the lack of specific identifications precludes detailed paleoclimatic interpretation.

Coarse woody debris in sub-boreal spruce forests of west-central British Columbia

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 284-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
D F Clark ◽  
D D Kneeshaw ◽  
P J Burton ◽  
J A Antos
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Picea Glauca ◽  
Boreal Forests ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Age ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
History Of

An evaluation of how coarse woody debris (CWD) changes in quantity and quality during stand development was conducted using a 426-year chronosequence of 71 stands in sub-boreal forests in British Columbia. Additional characteristics of CWD were determined in 14 of the stands. Most stands are fire initiated and input from the predisturbance stand is critical in controlling the amounts and characteristics of CWD within young stands. Log volume declines from over 100 m3/ha in young stands (0-50 years) to just over 60 m3/ha in stands from 51 to 200 years old, and then increases to greater than 140 m3/ha in the oldest (>= 400-year-old) stands. Mean snag basal area is highest (31.6 m2/ha) in young, postfire stands, decreases to a very low value (2.0 m2/ha) in stands 51-100 years old, and then reaches a second maximum (12.1 m2/ha) in stands that are 201-250 years old; it declines slightly in very old stands. The high snag basal area in stands 201-250 years old coincides with the successional transition from lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) to stands dominated by subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.) and interior spruce (hybrids of Picea glauca (Moench) Voss and Picea engelmannii Parry). Stand age, characteristics of the predisturbance forest, and the disturbance history of stands subsequent to stand initiation all appear to be very important in determining variation in both the quality and quantity of CWD in these sub-boreal forests.

Dynamics of an old-growth, fire-initiated, subalpine forest in southern interior British Columbia: tree-ring reconstruction of 2 year cycle spruce budworm outbreaks

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (11) ◽  
pp. 1947-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Parish ◽  
Joseph A Antos
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Host Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Ring Width ◽  
Spruce Budworm ◽  
Subalpine Forest ◽  
Abies Lasiocarpa ◽  
Tree Ring Reconstruction ◽  
The Impact

Tree-ring width chronologies of three species from a 330-year-old subalpine forest were used to reconstruct outbreaks of 2 year cycle spruce budworm (Choristoneura biennis Freeman). The growth of host species, Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii Parry ex Engelm.) and subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa (Hook.) Nutt.), was compared with that of the nonhost, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud.) with and without the removal of the effects of climate on growth. Seven periods, 1989–1991, 1943–1957, 1911–1927, 1869–1875, 1839–1861, 1823–1829, 1785–1801, were identified in which the growth of both host species was reduced relative to the non-host; this includes the single known outbreak from 1944 to 1956. Spectral analysis indicated a periodicity for growth reduction of the host relative to non-host species of ca. 45 years for both spruce and fir. For three periods, the known outbreak in the 1940–1950s, and two inferred outbreaks in the 1910–1920s and 1840–1850s, we calculated the four measures of radial growth first proposed by Brubaker and Greene (L.B. Brubaker and S.K. Greene. 1979. Can. J. For. Res. 9: 95–105): the maximum rate of growth loss, 1-year and 5-year losses, and the rate and time to recovery. Growth losses were greater for fir than for spruce during all three periods. During the 1940–1950s, growth losses were severe, but losses were less in the 1910–1920s. The impact of C. biennis has varied among outbreak periods but, overall, has made a pronounced contribution to present stand conditions. Our work suggests that budworms have been a frequent agent of disturbance with major effects on forest dynamics in southern British Columbia, especially in spruce–fir forests when long periods occur between fires.

Changing climate, vegetation, and fire disturbance in a sub-boreal pine-dominated forest, British Columbia, Canada

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 615-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kendrick J. Brown ◽  
Nicholas J. Hebda ◽  
Nicholas Conder ◽  
Karen G. Golinski ◽  
Brad Hawkes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Fire History ◽  
Fire Regime ◽  
Late Glacial ◽  
Fire Frequency ◽  
Fire Disturbance ◽  
Surface Fires ◽  
Climate Niche

Holocene climate, vegetation, and fire history were reconstructed using pollen, molluscs, and charcoal from two lake sediment records (Scum and Norma lakes) collected from the Chilcotin Plateau, British Columbia, Canada. In the late-glacial period, cold steppe prevailed and fire was limited. Artemisia steppe expanded in the earliest Holocene as climate warmed and conditions became dry, with shallow basins drying out. High-frequency surface fires maintained the steppe. An increase in Pinus after 10 200 cal BP signals moistening and the establishment of Pinus ponderosa P. & C. Lawson and Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. stands, with surface fires in the former and higher severity fires in the latter. Cooling around 8500 cal BP favored P. contorta, and a crown fire regime likely prevailed, with intermittent surface fires. Shallow basins began to fill with water. In the mid-Holocene, basins filled further and Picea increased slightly in abundance. Fire frequency decreased, though severity increased. In the last three millennia, modern P. contorta dominated forests were established, with mixed-severity fire disturbance. Considering the future, the results of this study align well with ecosystem climate niche simulations, indicating that non-arboreal and open-forest communities may again prevail widely on the plateau, together with surface fires. Land managers need to develop strategies to manage the upcoming transformation.

Comparing lodgepole pine growth and disease occurrence at six Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) sites in British Columbia, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anya M. Reid ◽  
William K. Chapman ◽  
Cindy E. Prescott
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Tree Growth ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Disease Occurrence ◽  
Disease Attack

Recently, the assumption that stands with fast growth will have minor losses to insect and disease attack has been challenged. Although tree growth and health are both critical for long-term forest productivity, standardized forest-health data are rarely collected in conjunction with tree-growth data. Using six Long-Term Soil Productivity (LTSP) installations in British Columbia, Canada, we explore the relationships between lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon) growth and disease occurrence. Treatment plots and random groups of 100 trees that had larger trees generally had more disease. These findings suggest that we can no longer assume that fast-growing plantations will be free of disease, which has implications for predicting future timber supply.

Influence of tree age and growth rate on the radial resin duct system in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 1046-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. DeAngelis ◽  
T. E. Nebeker ◽  
J. D. Hodges
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pinus Taeda ◽  
Loblolly Pine ◽  
Dendroctonus Frontalis ◽  
Age And Growth ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Secretory Cells ◽  
Tangential Plane ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Resin Duct

Formation of radial resin ducts and their associated secretory cells in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is influenced by the age and growth rate of the annual ring in which the ducts are formed. The spatial pattern of radial ducts on the tangential plane is nonrandom, exhibiting a regular or dispersed pattern. A significantly higher density of radial ducts was found in the inner, first-formed growth rings at all heights within the tree. Radial duct formation was found to be positively correlated with radial growth rate, when growth rate is expressed as increment of cross-sectional area growth. These findings may partially explain why older, slower growing trees tend to be more susceptible to attack by the southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann, and associated microorganisms, since the resin-producing system is a primary defense against these agents.

Incidence of main stem infections of lodgepole pine by western gall rust decreases with tree age

2005 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1314-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter V Blenis ◽  
Wuhan Li
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Tree Age ◽  
Precommercial Thinning ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

Infection of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Dougl. ex Loud. var. latifolia Engelm.) by western gall rust has been shown to decrease with tree height and age, but the effects of those two factors have not been separated. Five replicate artificial inoculations were done on a total of 327 trees of different ages in two height classes. Temperature and percentage of spore germination at the height of inoculation, shoot development (stem elongation at the time of inoculation as a proportion of final shoot elongation), main stem leader length at the time of inoculation, tree height, and tree age were measured. Modeled percentages of infected trees and the number of galls per 10 cm of shoot length decreased by 85% and 88%, respectively, as tree age increased between 2 and 10 years, indicating the undesirability of early, aggressive precommercial thinning of lodgepole pine stands in areas where western gall rust is common. By controlling and (or) statistically accounting for inoculum, microclimate, and phenological factors, it was possible to demonstrate that changes in susceptibility with tree age are sufficient to account for the reduction in infection with tree height.

scholarly journals Fungal colonizers and seed loss in lodgepole pine orchards of British Columbia

Botany ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33
Author(s):  
Paul Y. de la Bastide ◽  
Jonathon LeBlanc ◽  
Lisheng Kong ◽  
Terrie Finston ◽  
Emily M. May ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Lodgepole Pine ◽  
Seed Viability ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Seed Loss ◽  
Natural Range ◽  
Fungal Microbiome ◽  
Host Tissues

Lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm. ex S. Watson) is an important lumber species in Canada, and seed orchards are expected to meet the increased demand for seed. However, seed production has been consistently low in the Okanagan region orchards of British Columbia, Canada. To determine whether the fungal microbiome contributes to seed loss, histological and molecular approaches were used. Seed production was studied at seven Okanagan orchards, all outside the natural range of lodgepole pine, and at one near Prince George, within its natural range. Seed losses were highest in the Okanagan, compared with Prince George. The role of fungal colonizers in consuming seed during the last stages of maturation is described. Fungal hyphae were frequently observed at all locations in developing seed, particularly once storage substances accumulated. Fungi identified from host tissues using molecular and morphological techniques included Alternaria, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicillium, and Sydowia. The opportunistic foliar pathogen Sydowia polyspora, which is known to have a variable biotrophic status, was detected at most orchards within different host tissues (seeds, needles, and conelets), in association with pollen, and in the air column. Reduced seed viability observed in Okanagan orchards is most likely due to a combination of factors, including composition of the fungal microbiome.

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