scholarly journals Paired arbuscules in the Arum-type arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis with Linum usitatissimum

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (5) ◽  
pp. 457-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Dickson ◽  
Peter Schweiger ◽  
F Andrew Smith ◽  
Bengt Söderström ◽  
Sally Smith
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

Experiments were conducted to investigate the "paired" arbuscules characteristic of Arum-type mycorrhizal colonization in Linum usitatissimum L. The development and senescence of arbuscular structures were followed in a time course study. Roots were freeze-sectioned longitudinally and mycorrhizal structures visualized using nitroblue tetrazolium, a vital stain to indicate metabolically active arbuscules and intercellular hyphae, followed by acid fuchsin counterstaining. Arbuscules were imaged using laser scanning confocal microscopy. The volume and surface area of each arbuscule of a developing paired structure were measured using three-dimensional imaging software. Arbuscules occurred in pairs in adjacent cortical cells arising from a single, radial intercellular hypha. These "paired" arbuscules often appeared to be at different developmental stages. Logistic regression and measurement of surface area indicated that there was a delay in initiation of the second arbuscule.Key words: Arum-type arbuscular mycorrhiza, double staining, metabolic activity, morphology, confocal microscopy, Linum usitatissimum.

Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy and Three-Dimesnsional Reconstruction of the Mitotic Spindles of Unequally Dividing Embryonic Cells

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
J. Holy ◽  
G. Schatten
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Mitotic Spindle ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Embryonic Cells ◽  
Mitotic Spindles ◽  
Cleavage Division ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

One of the classic limitations of light microscopy has been the fact that three dimensional biological events could only be visualized in two dimensions. Recently, this shortcoming has been overcome by combining the technologies of laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) and computer processing of microscopical data by volume rendering methods. We have employed these techniques to examine morphogenetic events characterizing early development of sea urchin embryos. Specifically, the fourth cleavage division was examined because it is at this point that the first morphological signs of cell differentiation appear, manifested in the production of macromeres and micromeres by unequally dividing vegetal blastomeres.The mitotic spindle within vegetal blastomeres undergoing unequal cleavage are highly polarized and develop specialized, flattened asters toward the micromere pole. In order to reconstruct the three-dimensional features of these spindles, both isolated spindles and intact, extracted embryos were fluorescently labeled with antibodies directed against either centrosomes or tubulin.

Three-Dimensional Laser-Scanning Confocal Microscopy of In Situ Hybridization in the Skin

1994 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen E. Mahoney ◽  
Stephen W. Paddock ◽  
Louis C. Smith ◽  
Dorothy E. Lewis ◽  
Madeleine Duvic
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

scholarly journals Three-Dimensional Nano-Morphology of Carbon Nanotube/Epoxy Filled Poly(methyl methacrylate) Microcapsules

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1387 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Galip Icduygu ◽  
Meltem Asilturk ◽  
M. Akif Yalcinkaya ◽  
Youssef K. Hamidi ◽  
M. Cengiz Altan
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
Average Size

The three-dimensional nano-morphology of poly(methyl methacrylate; PMMA) microcapsules filled with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and epoxy resin were investigated by various microscopy methods, including a novel, laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) method. Initially, PMMA microcapsules containing various amounts of CNTs were synthesized by a solvent evaporation method. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that pore-free, smooth-surface microcapsules formed with various types of core-shell morphologies. The average size of CNT/epoxy/PMMA microcapsules was shown to decrease from ~52 μm to ~15 μm when mixing speed during synthesis increased from 300 rpm to 1000 rpm. In general, the presence of CNTs resulted in slightly larger microcapsules and higher variations in size. Moreover, three-dimensional scans obtained from confocal microscopy revealed that higher CNT content increased the occurrence and size of CNT aggregates inside the microcapsules. Entrapped submicron air bubbles were also observed inside most microcapsules, particularly within those with higher CNT content.

Characterizing the Influence of Drying on Ink Absorption Using Reconstructed Images by Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy

2014 ◽  
Vol 904 ◽  
pp. 59-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Guo Li ◽  
Ying Li
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Penetration Depth ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Coated Paper ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Distribution Uniformity ◽  
The Relationship

The objective of this experiment was to investigate the relationship between drying and ink absorption using laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). Fluorescent ink was used to observe and characterize ink penetration and distribution by LSCM. Three-dimensional images of ink penetration were obtained by reconstructing all XY plane images. Reconstructed images were used to describe ink absorption in coated paper by LSCM. The results implied that it was reliable and effective using LSCM to characterize the ink penetration depth and distribution uniformity. This method could not damage the specimen and did not need fluorescent dye to stain the specimen, which decreased the errors by hand operation. The results indicated that drying temperature affected ink penetration depth and distribution evenness. Higher and lower drying temperature could not contribute to ink absorption uniformity. With the drying temperature increasing, ink penetration depth in coated paper increased.

Three dimensional microvascular measurements in human endometrium using optical slices from laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM)

Micron ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 853-862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Manconi ◽  
Eleanor P. Kable ◽  
Dennis Dwarte ◽  
Allan Jones ◽  
Peter Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Human Endometrium ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy

Visualization of mycorrhizal fungal structures in resin embedded tissues with xanthene dyes using laser scanning confocal microscopy

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 174-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis Melville ◽  
Sandy Dickson ◽  
Melissa L Farquhar ◽  
S E Smith ◽  
R. Larry Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Laser Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Xanthene Dyes ◽  
Background Fluorescence ◽  
Scanning Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Lr White ◽  
Arbutoid Mycorrhizae

The xanthene dyes sulforhordamine G, phloxine B, rose Bengal, and 4,5,6,7-tetrachloroflorescein were used as fluorochromes for laser scanning confocal microscopy of LR-White resin-embedded mycorrhizae. Sulforhodamine G was the most effective dye, giving an even staining of cell components throughout the material, with minimal background fluorescence of LR-White resin. Confocal microscopy of stained blocks of tissue on a slide, viewed without the use of a coverslip, revealed the three-dimensional nature of various mycorrhizal structures; these structures included arbuscules, vesicles, and coiled hyphae in arbuscular mycorrhizae; coiled hyphae in orchid mycorrhizae; mantle and Hartig net hyphae in ectomycorrhizae; and intracellular hyphae in arbutoid mycorrhizae. Sections mounted on slides viewed with confocal microscopy provided exceptional clarity of fungal form and cytoplasmic contents and showed the relationship to the plant cells, also with negligible background fluorescence. Mounting and staining blocks of resin-embedded material provided a fast and effective technique for the visualization of a variety of plant and fungal tissues. Stain penetration in whole-mounted samples was sufficient to reconstruct clear three-dimensional images using confocal microscopy.Key words: mycorrhizae, xanthene dyes, confocal microscopy, resin embedding.

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