The peanut gynophore: a developmental and physiological perspective

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Moctezuma
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Light Touch ◽  
Peanut Plant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

The peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea L.) produces flowers aerially, but it is able to "sow" its own seeds as a result of the growth of a specialized organ called the gynophore. The peanut gynophore is sensitive to light, touch, and gravity, and it is capable of transporting the recently fertilized ovules into the soil. For gynophore growth to occur, many physiological changes in plant hormone accumulation and distribution take place throughout its development. The unique characteristics and physiological events occurring during the gynophore's growth and development, such as its growth rates and indole-3-acetic acid redistribution during gravistimulation, will be reviewed. The peanut gynophore illustrates that the study of the odd or unusual can often provide valuable answers about the typical.Key words: Arachis hypogaea, geocarpy, gravitropism, gynophore, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), peanut.

The acute effect of copper on the levels of indole-3-acetic acid and lignin in peanut roots

2001 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsai-Chi Li ◽  
Teng-Yung Feng ◽  
Wen-Shaw Chen ◽  
Zin-Huang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Effect Of Copper ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Cu-treated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) seedlings showeda significant inhibition in peanut root growth, and a decrease in endogenousindole-3-acetic acid (IAA) content. The decline of IAA content in Cu-treatedtissue was accompanied by an increase in the activity of cationic peroxidase(POD) isozyme P8.5, which was correlated with an increase in cationic PODtranscripts. Cu might suppress the growth of peanut roots by inducing thesynthesis of the cationic POD isozyme that degrades endogenous IAA. Theincrease in the activity of anionic POD isozyme P3.5 was correlated with therise in lignin content in Cu-treated roots. We suggest that the increase inanionic POD isozyme P3.5 induced by Cu might be responsible for ligninsynthesis in peanut roots, and may also remove excess hydrogen peroxide causedby Cu, thus playing a detoxifying role during Cu treatment.

scholarly journals Biochemical and Genetic Bases of Indole-3-Acetic Acid (Auxin Phytohormone) Degradation by the Plant-Growth-Promoting Rhizobacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Raúl Donoso ◽  
Pablo Leiva-Novoa ◽  
Ana Zúñiga ◽  
Tania Timmermann ◽  
Gonzalo Recabarren-Gajardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gene Functions ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

ABSTRACT Several bacteria use the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) as a sole carbon and energy source. A cluster of genes (named iac) encoding IAA degradation has been reported in Pseudomonas putida 1290, but the functions of these genes are not completely understood. The plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium Paraburkholderia phytofirmans PsJN harbors iac gene homologues in its genome, but with a different gene organization and context than those of P. putida 1290. The iac gene functions enable P. phytofirmans to use IAA as a sole carbon and energy source. Employing a heterologous expression system approach, P. phytofirmans iac genes with previously undescribed functions were associated with specific biochemical steps. In addition, two uncharacterized genes, previously unreported in P. putida and found to be related to major facilitator and tautomerase superfamilies, are involved in removal of an IAA metabolite called dioxindole-3-acetate. Similar to the case in strain 1290, IAA degradation proceeds through catechol as intermediate, which is subsequently degraded by ortho-ring cleavage. A putative two-component regulatory system and a LysR-type regulator, which apparently respond to IAA and dioxindole-3-acetate, respectively, are involved in iac gene regulation in P. phytofirmans. These results provide new insights about unknown gene functions and complex regulatory mechanisms in IAA bacterial catabolism. IMPORTANCE This study describes indole-3-acetic acid (auxin phytohormone) degradation in the well-known betaproteobacterium P. phytofirmans PsJN and comprises a complete description of genes, some of them with previously unreported functions, and the general basis of their gene regulation. This work contributes to the understanding of how beneficial bacteria interact with plants, helping them to grow and/or to resist environmental stresses, through a complex set of molecular signals, in this case through degradation of a highly relevant plant hormone.

Determination of Plant Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid in Aqueous Solution

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jana Bulíčková ◽  
Romana Sokolová ◽  
Stefania Giannarelli ◽  
Beatrice Muscatello
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Identification of IAA-regulated genes in Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnaud-Thierry Djami-Tchatchou ◽  
Zipeng Alex Li ◽  
Paul Stodghill ◽  
Melanie J. Filiatrault ◽  
Barbara N. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Stress Response ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Plant Pathogen ◽  
Type Iii Secretion ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid ◽  
Exogenous Iaa

The auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is a plant hormone that not only regulates plant growth and development but also plays important roles in plant-microbe interactions. We previously reported that IAA alters expression of several virulence-related genes in the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain DC3000 ( Pto DC3000). To learn more about the impact of IAA on regulation of Pto DC3000 gene expression we performed a global transcriptomic analysis of bacteria grown in culture, in the presence or absence of exogenous IAA. We observed that IAA repressed expression of genes involved in the Type III secretion (T3S) system and motility and promoted expression of several known and putative transcriptional regulators. Several of these regulators are orthologs of factors known to regulate stress responses and accordingly expression of several stress response-related genes was also upregulated by IAA. Similar trends in expression for several genes were also observed by RT-qPCR. Using an Arabidopsis thaliana auxin receptor mutant that accumulates elevated auxin, we found that many of the P. syringae genes regulated by IAA in vitro were also regulated by auxin in planta . Collectively the data indicate that IAA modulates many aspects of Pto DC3000 biology, presumably to promote both virulence and survival under stressful conditions, including those encountered in or on plant leaves. IMPORTANCE Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), a form of the plant hormone auxin, is used by many plant-associated bacteria as a cue to sense the plant environment. Previously, we showed that IAA can promote disease in interactions between the plant pathogen Pseudomonas syringae strain Pto DC000 and one of its hosts, Arabidopsis thaliana . However, the mechanisms by which IAA impacts the biology of Pto DC3000 and promotes disease are not well understood. Here we demonstrate that IAA is a signal molecule that regulates gene expression in Pto DC3000. The presence of exogenous IAA affects expression of over 700 genes in the bacteria, including genes involved in Type III secretion and genes involved in stress response. This work offers insight into the roles of auxin promoting pathogenesis.

In Vitro Culture of Arachis hypogaea Peg Tips1

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tallury P. S. Rau ◽  
H. T. Stalker ◽  
H. E. Pattee ◽  
P. Reece
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Interspecific Hybrid ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Globular Stage ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid

Abstract Arachis hypogaea L. cv. NC 4 was used as a model plant system in an effort to develop an in vitro embryo rescue protocol which could have application to interspecific hybrid embryos, which often abort at very early growth stages. Embryo growth and development was studied in 1- to 4-day-old peg tips containing proembryos equivalent to a stage where many interspecific hybrid embryos abort. Three independent experiments were conducted to 1) determine the most favorable basal media, 2) evaluate the effects of auxins and cytokinins on growth, and 3) determine a favorable combination of auxins and cytokinins for in vitro peanut embryo growth. The results indicated that MS (Murashige and Skoog) medium with 3% sucrose was the most favorable basal medium among seven media and two sucrose concentrations analyzed. IAA (indole-3-acetic acid) at 1.5 mg L-1 in combination with a range of KN (kinetin) levels from 0.5 to 1.25 mg L-1 were the growth regulator combinations of choice. Proembryo growth reached the multicellular globular stage, but differentiation into heart-shaped embryos did not occur.

Phenological Growth Stages of the Peanut Plant (Arachis hypogaea L.): Codification and Description according to the BBCH Scale

1998 ◽  
Vol 180 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Munger ◽  
H. Bleiholder ◽  
H. Hack ◽  
M. Heß ◽  
R. Stauss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Peanut Plant ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L

The Interaction of Human Serum with the Plant Hormone Indole-3-Acetic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
JORGEN HILDEN ◽  
FOLKE RoNNIKE ◽  
HENNING SCHOU
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Indole 3 Acetic Acid
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