Polyphyly of the spring-parsleys (Cymopterus): molecular and morphological evidence suggests complex relationships among the perennial endemic genera of western North American Apiaceae

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1295-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen R Downie ◽  
Ronald L Hartman ◽  
Feng-Jie Sun ◽  
Deborah S Katz-Downie
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Rps16 Intron ◽  
Fruit Characters

Cladistic analyses of DNA sequences from the nuclear rDNA internal transcribed spacer region and cpDNA rps16 intron and, for a subset of taxa, the cpDNA trnF-trnL-trnT locus were carried out to evaluate the monophyly of Cymopterus and to ascertain its phylogenetic placement among the other perennial genera of Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) subfamily Apioideae endemic to western North America. To elucidate patterns in the evolution of specific fruit characters and to evaluate their utility in circumscribing genera unambiguously, additional evidence was procured from cross-sections of mature fruits and the results of cladistic analysis of 25 morphological characters. Analyses of the partitioned data sets resulted in weakly supported and largely unresolved phylogenetic hypotheses, possibly due to the rapid radiation of the group, whereas the combined analysis of all molecular evidence resulted in a well-resolved phylogeny with higher bootstrap support. The traditionally used fruit characters of wing shape and composition and orientation of mericarp compression are highly variable. The results of these analyses reveal that Cymopterus and Lomatium, the two largest genera of western North American Apiaceae, are polyphyletic, and that their species are inextricably linked with those of other endemic perennial genera of the region (such as, Aletes, Musineon, Oreoxis, Pseudocymopterus, Pteryxia, and Tauschia), many of which are also not monophyletic. Prior emphasis on characters of the fruit in all systems of classification of the group has led to highly artificial assemblages of species. A complete reassessment of generic limits of all western endemic Apiaceae is required, as is further systematic study of this intractable group.Key words: Apiaceae, Cymopterus, phylogeny, ITS, rps16 intron, morphology.

Morphological evidence for paraphyly of Holopothrips Hood (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae), a Neotropical genus of gall-inducing thrips

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Mariana F. Lindner ◽  
Augusto Ferrari ◽  
Adriano Cavalleri
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Internal Relations ◽  
Evolutionary Story

Abstract Holopothrips is a diverse group of thrips associated to galls in the Neotropics, with a variety of host plants and wide morphological diversity. Relationships to other Neotropical groups have been proposed, but are still untested, and the monophyly of the genus remains doubtful. Here, we perform a phylogenetic analysis of Holopothrips, based on morphological characters. A total of 87 species were included in the matrix and eight analyses were carried out, but all of them failed to recover Holopothrips as a monophyletic grouping. Bremer and Bootstrap support values were low, and the topologies varied among all analyses, with uncertain internal relations for the ingroup. These results indicate that the relationships for Holopothrips species, and the proposed related genera, are more complex than previously reported; and morphological characters may not be enough to recover the evolutionary story within this group. We also discuss the influences of different character coding, continuous characters and weighting schemes in our results.

scholarly journals First Report of Heterobasidion annosum on the Endemic Abies hickeli of Southern Mexico

Plant Disease ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
pp. 1047-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Garbelotto ◽  
I. Chapela
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
North American ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
The North ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
Standing Trees ◽  
Pinus Spp

The basidiomycete Heterobasidion annosum (Fr.:Fr.) Bref. is a pathogen of conifers in the Northern Hemisphere. This fungus has been previously reported from Pinus spp. (1) and from Abies religiosa (H.B.K.) Schl. et Cham. (2) in Central Mexico. In 1998, H. annosum was collected for the first time from stumps of Abies hickeli Flous et Gaussen in the Southern Mexican State of Oaxaca, at an altitude of 2,900 m (Lat 17° 28′ N, Long 96° 31′ W). Although standing trees at the sampled site were asymptomatic, the sapwood and heartwood of several fir stumps were extensively decayed. The white laminated rot was similar to that caused by H. annosum on other Abies spp. Decay pockets extended to the upper surface of the stumps, indicating the fungus had infected and colonized the tree butts prior to tree felling. H. annosum basidiocarps were found both outside the roots in the duff layer and inside the decay pockets. The anamorph of H. annosum (Spiniger meineckellum (A. Olson) Stalpers) was isolated from the context of three basidiocarps. Based on comparative analysis of DNA sequences of the nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region, all three isolates belonged to the North American S intersterility group (ISG). This report expands the host and the geographic ranges of the North American S ISG, and represents the world's southernmost finding of an Abies species infected by this pathogen. References: (1) R. Martinez Barrera and R. Sanchez Ramirez. Ciencia Forestal 5(26):3, 1980. (2) M. Ruiz-Rodriguez and L. M. Pinzon-Picaseno. Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 54:225, 1994.

scholarly journals First Confirmed Report of Leaf Blight on Browntop Millet Caused by Bipolaris setariae in Southern Peninsular India

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Venkata Gutha ◽  
PALANNA K B ◽  
Boda Praveen ◽  
H. D. Vinaykumar ◽  
Prasanna S koti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Post Inoculation ◽  
Conidial Suspension ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Peninsular India

Browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa (L.) Stapf), which is native to the United States, was recently introduced into India as one of the small millet crop. In September 2018, leaf blight symptoms were observed on cv. Dundu Korale on the adaxial side of the leaves in a field at Bangalore, India (13.0784oN, 77.5793oE). Initial lesions were brown with small yellow halo that ranged from 1 to 5 mm and eventually enlarged exhibiting light brown centers. Afterwards, spots coalesced and leaves were blighted. About 75% of the plants were infected in the field of 0.5 ha. Samples of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves were collected, and nine isolates were recovered from culture on potato dextrose agar (PDA). Single conidial isolation was performed. Colonies were grey to olive green with regular margins at 7 days when cultured on PDA at 27 ± 1oC and 16 h light and 8 h dark cycles. Conidiophores were single or in clusters from 4.92 to 6.04 μm in width. Conidia were fusoid, cylindrical to slightly curved ranging from 38.50 to 130 μm in length and from 8.30 to 17 μm in width, with 4 to 10 distosepta (n =100). Hilum was flat to inconspicuous or slightly protruded. Based on the morphology, the pathogen was identified as a Bipolaris species according to the genus standard descriptions of Helminthosporium (Alcorn 1988). Misra and Prakash (1972) reported that Helminthosporium setariae causing leaf spot on browntop millet in India, but they did not provide any morphological or molecular evidence of identification. For molecular identification, the genomic DNA of isolate BTMH3 was extracted and the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene (GPD) were amplified using the pairs of primers ITS1/ITS4 (White et al. 1990) and GPD1/GPD2 (Berbee et al. 1999), respectively. BLAST analysis of ITS (MT750301; 562 matching base pairs) and GPD (MT896702; 562 matching base pairs) sequences showed 99.82% of identity with sequences of Bipolaris setariae (Sawada) Shoemaker type strain CBS 141.31 (ITS: EF452444 and GPD: EF513206). Pathogenicity was proved by spraying 10 healthy 20-day-old browntop millet plants with conidial suspension (106 conidia/ml). Control plants were sprayed with distilled water. Plants were covered with transparent polythene bags in a greenhouse at 28 ± 2oC and high relative humidity of 90%. Symptoms were observed at five days post inoculation. The pathogen was re-isolated from infected areas using the same protocol as before, whereas the control plants were symptomless. The re-isolated pathogen was confirmed as B. setariae based on morphological characters and PCR assay. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of leaf blight on browntop millet caused by B. setariae in the southern peninsular region of India. Disease specimen was deposited in Herbarium Cryptogamae Indiae Orientalis (HCIO), New Delhi, India with accession number 52209. Grain yield losses caused by leaf blight on browntop millet remain to be determined, however our findings indicate that cultivar cv. Dundu Korale is susceptible to B. setariae.

scholarly journals AN INTEGRATIVE TAXONOMY OF MOLECULAR AND TRADITIONAL APPROACHES FOR IDENTIFICATION OF A STORAGE MITE, ALEUROGLYPHUS OVATUS (ACARI: ASTIGMATA: ACARIDAE) IN MALAYSIA

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 882-889
Author(s):  
Ernieenor Faraliana Che Lah
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Identification ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Accurate Identification

A reliable and rapid taxonomic identification of a mite is the basis for a correct diagnosis of important mite associated allergies as they produce species-specific allergens. A double approach (molecular and morphological) to the taxonomic identification of Aleuroglyphus ovatus was presented. Molecular identification was performed with amplification of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS2), whilst morphological characters were examined under light microscope. The BLAST results obtained from molecular analysis of A. ovatus was shown to be in concordance with the morphological identification with 97% genetic similarity. Thus, the molecular identification based on the ITS2 region can be applied as a reliable and efficient tool for species identification of Aleuroglyphus and probably any other astigmatid mites. Our findings suggest the need for a broad taxonomic sampling especially from closely related species for an accurate identification of local mites using both DNA sequences and morphology.

scholarly journals A new species of the genus Centruroides Marx (Scorpiones, Buthidae) from western Michoacán State, México using molecular and morphological evidence

ZooKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 859 ◽  
pp. 31-48
Author(s):  
Ana F. Quijano-Ravell ◽  
Luis F. de Armas ◽  
Oscar F. Francke ◽  
Javier Ponce-Saavedra
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Mitochondrial Gene ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Gene Mrna

A new species of scorpion belonging to the genus Centruroides Marx, 1890 is described from the Coalcomán mountain range, western Michoacán State, Mexico. Its general aspect resembles Centruroidesruana Quijano-Ravell & Ponce-Saavedra, 2016, and C.infamatus (C. L. Koch, 1844), but it is a smaller species having lower pectinal tooth counts; also, males of C.ruana have the pedipalp chelae slightly thicker, whereas C.infamatus has a subaculear tubercle nearer to the base of the aculeus. Another species with similar aspect is Centruroidesornatus Pocock, 1902; however, a preliminary molecular analysis of the mitochondrial gene mRNA 16S showed genetic divergence (measured as p-distance) near to 10% between these species, and lower differences between the new species with respect to C.infamatus (4.63%) and C.ruana (5.07%). The molecular evidence together with the morphological characters (integrative taxonomy) are sufficient for recognizing the Coalcomán population as a separate and valid species.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of Nitella (Charophyceae, Characeae) from Brazil with emphasis on the midwest and southeast regions

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 356 (3) ◽  
pp. 181
Author(s):  
FABIO RENATO BORGES ◽  
ORLANDO NECCHI JR
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Brazilian Studies ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Section Level

The genus Nitella is the most species-rich within the Charales. Brazilian studies on the genus are relatively scarce and consist of floristic surveys, lacking modern and more precise information. This investigation applied scanning electron microscopy to analyze the oospore wall and molecular data associated with traditional morphological characters to analyze forty-two populations of Nitella from the midwest and southeast regions of Brazil. Forty-two new sequences of rbcL, twelve of ITS1 and twenty-three of ITS2 were generated for the five species recognized in this study: Nitella acuminata A. Braun ex Wallman, Nitella axillaris A. Braun, Nitella elegans B. P. Pal, Nitella flagellifera J. Groves & G. O. Allen and Nitella microcarpa A. Braun.. Phylogenetic analyses of sequences of these three markers were congruent in that they grouped our species with others from different countries to form five clades. Our results on ultrastrucure of the oospore wall were consistent with previous studies for the same species from other regions of the world. The data reinforced the conclusion that the use of ornamentation of oospore wall may be extremely useful for the construction of a natural system for Characeae at section level. Molecular evidence, reinforced by morphological data, for the Brazilian material analyzed suggests that Nitella subglomerata A. Braun and Nitella gollmeriana A. Braun could be synonymys of Nitella acuminata; and Nitella axilliformis K. Imahori appears to be the same as Nitella axillaris. However, no formal proposition was made considering that type specimens were not analyzed and these observations were based on a relatively small number of samples strictly from Brazil. We showed that even among geographically distant populations, such as from other continents, of some Nitella species, the degree of identity among DNA sequences was high.

Morphological characters and molecular data reveal a new species of Rhodonia (Polyporales, Basidiomycota) from China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 328 (2) ◽  
pp. 175
Author(s):  
YUAN YUAN ◽  
LU-LU SHEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rna Polymerase Ii ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Northwest China ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
A New Species

A new polypore, Rhodonia tianshanensis, collected from West Tianshan Nature Reserve in Xinjiang Autonomous Region (northwest China), is described and illustrated based on morphological characteristics and molecular evidence. It is characterized by having resupinate basidiomata with an oblique tube layer, fusoid cystidioles in the hymenium, and cylindrical basidiospores. Based on multiple loci DNA sequences including the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), the large subunit (nLSU), and the second subunit of RNA polymerase II (RPB2) regions, our phylogeny strongly supported R. tianshanensis as a new species belonging to the genus Rhodonia.

The evolutionary relationships of North American Diplous Motschulsky (Coleoptera:Carabidae:Patrobini) inferred from morphological and molecular evidence

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul E. Marek ◽  
David H. Kavanaugh
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
North American ◽  
Morphological Evolution ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Total Evidence ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Character State ◽  
The North ◽  
Key Species

Individuals of the ground beetle genus Diplous Motschulsky, 1850 occur in riparian areas predominately throughout boreal North America and Asia. In order to infer the species phylogeny of the North American Diplous, we examined 97 morphological characters (56 quantitative characters and 41 qualitative characters) and 458 bp of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I region. We used the four North American species, four Palearctic species, and one undescribed species of a closely related genus to test the monophyly and the direction of character state change in North American Diplous. Overall, we found that North American Diplous appear to represent a monophyletic group, but that the morphological and molecular evidence did not support the same relationships in the placement of one of the species. We found that the total evidence trees agreed most with biogeography and considerations of accelerated morphological evolution. In this paper, we present a morphological phylogenetic tree, a molecular phylogenetic tree, a total evidence phylogenetic tree, a species key, species diagnoses, and a distribution map of Nearctic Diplous.

scholarly journals Mycosphaerella musicola Identified as the Only Pathogen of the Sigatoka Disease Complex Present in Minas Gerais State, Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 97 (12) ◽  
pp. 1537-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lahyre Izaete S. Gomes ◽  
Greg W. Douhan ◽  
Líllian B. J. Bibiano ◽  
Luiz A. Maffia ◽  
Eduardo S. G. Mizubuti
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Leaf Spot Disease ◽  
Black Sigatoka ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Minas Gerais State ◽  
Mycosphaerella Musicola

A thorough assessment of the distribution of Mycosphaerella spp. associated with banana in Minas Gerais State, Brazil, was conducted after Mycosphaerella fijiensis was first reported to occur in this region in 2005. From 2009 to 2011, 80 fields located in 20 municipalities including the same fields where the disease was first reported were sampled. A total of 800 samples of leaf tissue with symptoms similar to those of yellow or black Sigatoka diseases were examined, and 239 isolates were obtained. The identification of the fungi was based on morphological characters combined with DNA sequences obtained after amplification with species-specific primers and phylogeny inferred from the internal transcribed spacer region of Mycosphaerella strains from banana. All 239 isolates were identified as Mycosphaerella musicola. The absence of M. fijiensis in the samples may have been due to misidentification of M. fijiensis or the displacement of M. fijiensis by M. musicola. It is now apparent that yellow Sigatoka caused by M. musicola is the prevailing leaf spot disease of bananas in Minas Gerais State and that regulatory/legislative control measures need to be revised based on our findings.

scholarly journals Three New Species of Cortinarius From Kashmir Himalayan Coniferous Forests Based On Morphological And Molecular Evidence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheikh Sajad Ahmed ◽  
Zafar A. Reshi ◽  
Bushra Jan ◽  
Khurshid I. Andrabi
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Taxonomic Description ◽  
Dna Database ◽  
Three New Species

Abstract Cortinarius is the largest genus of mushroom forming fungi with several subgenera having ectomycorrhizal associations with coniferous trees and other plants. In view of limited studies on this speciose genus from the Himalayan region, a morpho-molecular phylogenetic approach was employed to study this taxon. Phylogenetic analysis and Bayesian inference of nuc rDNA internal transcribed spacer region ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 (ITS barcode) separated these sequences along with the identical sequences from Gene bank into three distinct clads with high bootstrap values suggesting the possibility of new taxa. The new species were found to possess some diagnostic features that separated them from other closely related species in each section. Based on our study in the Kashmir Himalayan forests, we report three new species of Cortinarius from the Indian subcontinent. The identified species, C. cibum, C. neocephalixus, and C. nigricans belong to subgenera Myxacium, Phlegmacium and Telamonia. A taxonomic description of morphological characters is also provided for each new taxon. This study marks the beginning in studying the Cortinarius genus in Kashmir Himalaya using a combination of nuc rDNA ITS barcode approach together with morphological characters and microscopic spore analysis. The current study will help in filling the knowledge gaps in the study of Cortinarius and will further enrich the public DNA database for ease of comparative studies throughout the world.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document