Morphological and isozyme variation in Cerastium arvense (Caryophyllaceae) in the southern Andes

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-795 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Paula Quiroga ◽  
Andrea C Premoli ◽  
Cecilia Ezcurra
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Southern Andes ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Ecotypic Variation

We tested the hypothesis that South Andean populations of the highly polymorphic and mostly Northern Hemisphere perennial forb Cerastium arvense L. show ecotypic variation along distinct habitats. We compared differences in morphology and flowering phenology among six natural populations occurring in different environments. Genetic differences were analyzed by a common-garden experiment and isozyme electrophoresis. Several of the morphological differences observed in the field were maintained after more than a year of cultivation in the common garden (e.g., plant height and leaf width). Mean tests and multivariate analyses on morphological traits generally distinguished high-elevation populations from the rest, and a similar grouping of populations was obtained from isozyme data at 10 loci. Cerastium arvense had genetic polymorphism levels of >50% in all populations and an average genetic diversity (HT = 0.254) of which approximately 20% was distributed among populations. These marked genetic differences are probably maintained by restricted gene flow due to variation in flowering time. Morphological and genetic differences suggest ecotypic variation in C. arvense in the southern Andes, which seems to have originated by disruptive selective pressures in different environments and the effect of genetic drift in response to the extreme climatic changes occurring during the Pleistocene.Key words: common-garden experiment, ecotypic variation, elevation and precipitation, genetic diversity, Patagonian Andes, phenology.

Genetic diversity among natural populations of Agathis borneensis (Araucariaceae), a tropical rain forest conifer from Brunei Darussalam, Borneo, Southeast Asia

1992 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1945-1949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keiko Kitamura ◽  
Mohamad Yusof Bin Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Rain Forest ◽  
Tropical Rain Forest ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategy ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Population Component

Agathis is a genus of tropical conifers that occurs mainly in Southeast Asia. Because of its production of good softwood, many stands of Agathis have been harvested. We provide an estimate of genetic variation within and among populations of Agathis borneensis in Brunei Darussalam, Southeast Asia. Five populations were investigated using isozyme electrophoresis. We investigated a total of 17 putative loci, five of which were polymorphic. Estimated total heterozygosity was 0.122. Heterozygosity within populations was 0.106. The population structure did not deviate significantly from Hardy–Weinberg expectations. Nei's coefficient of gene differentiation indicated that the among-population component of genetic diversity represents 14% of the total population component. The low level of genetic diversity and the large diversity among populations were the opposite of that for conifers in the temperate zone, because of the small size of each population. The large diversity among populations indicated the restricted gene flow resulting from the asynchronous flowering of this species. The genetic distance indicated that A. borneensis in Brunei could be classified in two groups, with one isolated population considerably different from the others both genetically and ecologically. The conservation strategy is discussed from the viewpoint of genetic resources. Key words: Agathis borneensis, Araucariaceae, Brunei Darussalam, genetic diversity, isozyme, tropical rain forest.

Sex ratio and life history traits at reaching sexual maturity in the dioecious shrub Fuchsia parviflora: field and common garden experiments

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Jessica S. Ambriz ◽  
Clementina González ◽  
Eduardo Cuevas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Population ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Sex Ratios ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Reproductive Biomass ◽  
Common Garden Experiments ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

Abstract Fuchsia parviflora is a dioecious shrub that depends on biotic pollination for reproduction. Previous studies suggest that the male plants produce more flowers, and male-biased sex ratios have been found in some natural populations. To assess whether the biased sex ratios found between genders in natural populations are present at the point at which plants reach sexual maturity, and to identify possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction, we performed a common garden experiment. Finally, to complement the information of the common garden experiment, we estimated the reproductive biomass allocation between genders in one natural population. Sex ratios at reaching sexual maturity in F. parviflora did not differ from 0.5, except in one population, which was the smallest seedling population. We found no differences between genders in terms of the probability of germination or flowering. When flowering began, female plants were taller than males and the tallest plants of both genders required more time to reach sexual maturity. Males produced significantly more flowers than females, and the number of flowers increased with plant height in both genders. Finally, in the natural population studied, the investment in reproductive biomass was seven-fold greater in female plants than in male plants. Our results showed no evidence of possible trade-offs between growth and reproduction. Despite the fact that female plants invest more in reproductive biomass, they were taller than the males after flowering, possibly at the expense of herbivory defence.

scholarly journals Extending the Genotype in Brachypodium by Including DNA Methylation Reveals a Joint Contribution with Genetics on Adaptive Traits

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1629-1637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven R. Eichten ◽  
Akanksha Srivastava ◽  
Adam J. Reddiex ◽  
Diep R. Ganguly ◽  
Alison Heussler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Joint Contribution

Epigenomic changes have been considered a potential missing link underlying phenotypic variation in quantitative traits but is potentially confounded with the underlying DNA sequence variation. Although the concept of epigenetic inheritance has been discussed in depth, there have been few studies attempting to directly dissect the amount of epigenomic variation within inbred natural populations while also accounting for genetic diversity. By using known genetic relationships between Brachypodium lines, multiple sets of nearly identical accession families were selected for phenotypic studies and DNA methylome profiling to investigate the dual role of (epi)genetics under simulated natural seasonal climate conditions. Despite reduced genetic diversity, appreciable phenotypic variation was still observable in the measured traits (height, leaf width and length, tiller count, flowering time, ear count) between as well as within the inbred accessions. However, with reduced genetic diversity there was diminished variation in DNA methylation within families. Mixed-effects linear modeling revealed large genetic differences between families and a minor contribution of DNA methylation variation on phenotypic variation in select traits. Taken together, this analysis suggests a limited but significant contribution of DNA methylation toward heritable phenotypic variation relative to genetic differences.

scholarly journals Chloroplast microsatellites reveal genetic diversity and population structure in natural populations of Himalayan Cedar (Cedrus deodara (Roxb.) G. Don) in India

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
H. S. Ginwal ◽  
Rajesh Sharma ◽  
Priti Chauhan ◽  
Kirti Chamling Rai ◽  
Santan Barthwal
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Conservation Strategies ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Chloroplast Microsatellites ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
High Level

AbstractHimalayan cedar (Cedrus deodara) is one of the most important temperate timber species of Western Himalayas and is considered to be among the endangered conifer species in the region. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Ten polymorphic chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR) were used to study genetic diversity and population structure in twenty one natural populations of C. deodara throughout its entire distribution range in Western Himalayas. When alleles at each of the 10 loci were jointly analysed, 254 different haplotypes were identified among 1050 individuals. The cpSSRs indicate that C. deodara forests maintain a moderately high level of genetic diversity (mean h = 0.79 ). AMOVA analysis showed that most of the diversity in C. deodara occurs within populations. Bayesian analysis for population structure (BAPS) revealed spatial structuration of the variation (22 % of the total variation) and substructuring captured nineteen genetic clusters in the entire divisions of the populations. Most of the populations were clustered independently with minor admixtures. The distribution of genetic diversity and sub-structuring of C. deodara may be due to restricted gene flow due to geographic isolation, genetic drift, and natural selection. These findings indicated existence of genetically distinct and different high diversity and low diversity clusters, which are potential groups of populations that require attention for their conservation and management. The results are interpreted in context of future conservation plans for C. deodara.

scholarly journals Developmental stability of Iris pumila flower traits: A common garden experiment

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danijela Miljkovic
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Developmental Stability ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Habitat Types ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Flower Traits ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
The Given

I. pumila natural populations usually occur in two different habitat types: dune and forest. These I. pumila habitats differ in many abiotic environmental factors, but mostly in available light intensity and quality. The effects of different light intensity on the developmental stability of I. pumila floral traits were analyzed on clones taken from two different natural light habitat types that were raised in contrasting light treatments in experimental garden conditions (common garden experiment). As an indicator of developmental stability, we used two fluctuating asymmetry indices (FA1 and FA8a) of three bilateral symmetric traits of I. pumila flower (FW-fall width, SW-standard width and STW- style branch width). In addition, statistically significant treatment x population interaction was observed for style width. According to the presented results, the observed FA patterns of particular traits did not reflect the whole organism buffering capacity under the given environmental conditions.

Common garden experiment reveals pathogen isolate but no host genetic diversity effect on the dynamics of an emerging wildlife disease

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 1680-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. HAWLEY ◽  
K. V. DHONDT ◽  
A. P. DOBSON ◽  
J. L. GRODIO ◽  
W. M. HOCHACHKA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Wildlife Disease ◽  
Common Garden Experiment ◽  
Diversity Effect ◽  
Host Genetic

scholarly journals Extending the genotype in Brachypodium by including DNA methylation reveals a joint contribution with genetics on adaptive traits

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR Eichten ◽  
A Srivastava ◽  
A Reddiex ◽  
DR Ganguly ◽  
A Heussler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Phenotypic Variation ◽  
Genetic Relationships ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Epigenetic Inheritance ◽  
Genetic Differences ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Joint Contribution ◽  
A Minor

AbstractEpigenomic changes have been considered a potential missing link underlying phenotypic variation in quantitative traits but is potentially confounded with the underlying DNA sequence variation. Although the concept of epigenetic inheritance has been discussed in depth, there have been few studies attempting to directly dissect the amount of epigenomic variation within inbred natural populations while also accounting for genetic diversity. By using known genetic relationships between Brachypodium lines, multiple sets of nearly identical accession families were selected for phenotypic studies and DNA methylome profiling to investigate the dual role of (epi)genetics under simulated natural seasonal climate conditions. Despite reduced genetic diversity, appreciable phenotypic variation was still observable in the measured traits (height, leaf width and length, tiller count, flowering time, ear count) between as well as within the inbred accessions. However, with reduced genetic diversity there was diminished variation in DNA methylation within families. Mixed-effects linear modelling revealed large genetic differences between families and a minor contribution of epigenomic variation on phenotypic variation in select traits. Taken together, this analysis suggests a limited but significant contribution of DNA methylation towards heritable phenotypic variation relative to genetic differences.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Plant Species in Glacier National Park: Implications for Management

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Thomas Mitchell-Olds
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Glacier National Park ◽  
Isozyme Electrophoresis ◽  
Quantitative Genetic ◽  
Local Environments

Glacier National Park (GNP) is responsible for the management and preservation of biological diversity in the natural populations of plants and animals occurring within its boundaries. Information on existing levels of genetic variation within and among populations is a prerequisite for developing management strategies to maintain genetic diversity and to perform revegetation activities. We are using two methods to assess levels of genetic diversity and differentiation among populations: quantitative genetic analysis and isozyme (electrophoresis) analysis. To examine whether patterns of genetic variation and adaptation to local environments require that sites be revegetated with plants collected from nearby natural populations, or alternatively, whether transplants could be obtained from other sources; we are focussing on three experimental areas: 1. quantitative genetics; 2. electrophoresis, and 3. natural selection.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity of endangered terrestrial orchids Spathoglottis plicata in Peninsular Malaysia based on AFLP markers

Plant Omics ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence C. Ginibun ◽  
Paul Arens ◽  
Ben Vosman ◽  
Subha Bhassu ◽  
Norzulaani Khalid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Aflp Markers ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
Forest Sites ◽  
Terrestrial Orchids

Spathoglottis plicata is an endangered terrestrial orchid species that have experienced severe threats to its habitat as wild forest sites come under pressure from industrialisation and natural disasters. This orchid species chosen to evaluate their levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure, which 25-30 accession collected in the different location with different geographical, altitude and habitat. Genomic DNA was extracted from six natural populations (n=172) in Peninsular Malaysia using eleven AFLP markers of EcoRI+3 bases/MseI+3 base primer combinations. Based on 279 polymorphic bands, a significant degree of genetic population differentiation was found, with a 78.5% variation within populations as measured by AMOVA, indicating a potential restricted gene flow. Two distinct clades generated from a UPGMA dendrogram were further investigated through a Bayesian analysis using STRUCTURE software, producing an estimated population structure at optimal value K=4. These results point to the presence of four genetic structures in the Spathoglottis plicata population. The Pahang and Terengganu population revealed a higher than average genetic variation (60.25%), indicating that there may be a robust structural division between the population samples and a possible hybridisation between the Northern (Kedah), Southern (Negeri Sembilan and Johor) and Central (Selangor) region populations. In sum, these results suggest that geographical distance is the primary factor contributing to differences among populations and the need for conservation measures to protect the Spathoglottis plicata species.

Phenotypic and phenological behaviours of clones of three natural populations of Atriplex halimus L. grown in a common garden

2003 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-188
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Abbad ◽  
Abdelbasset El Hadrami ◽  
Abderrazzak Benchaabane
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Atriplex Halimus
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document