Dormancy in peach (Prunus persica) flower buds. VI. Effects of gibberellins and an acylcyclohexanedione (trinexapac-ethyl) on bud morphogenesis in field experiments with orchard trees and on cuttings

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 664-674 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herminda Reinoso ◽  
Virginia Luna ◽  
Carlos Dauría ◽  
Richard P Pharis ◽  
Rubén Bottini
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Competitive Inhibitor ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Morphological Alterations ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

The effects of several gibberellins (GAs), exo-16,17-dihydro GA5, 2,2-dimethyl GA4, and GA3, and trinexapac-ethyl (an acylcyclohexanedione inhibitor of late-stage GA biosynthesis), were assessed for their effects on flower bud development during and after winter dormancy in peach (Prunus persica (L.) Batsch.) in three field trials and one experiment using cuttings. At late developmental stages, GA3 hastened floral bud development and shortened the time to anthesis, whereas early-stage applications of GA3 either had no effect or delayed floral bud development. In contrast, an exceptionally growth-active GA, 2,2-dimethyl GA4, promoted floral bud development (tested only on cuttings) across a range of application dates. However, it also induced a high percentage of bud abscission and remaining buds had a necrotic gynoecium and alterations in the androecium. Surprisingly, trinexapac-ethyl also promoted floral bud development, although it was not as effective as GA1. Trinexapac-ethyl-treated buds also showed morphological alterations and gynoecium necrosis. However, the best and most consistent treatment for enhancing floral bud development and hastening flower anthesis was 16,17-dihydro GA5. It stimulated floral bud development in up to 80% of the treated buds. Further, the promotive effect of 16,17-dihydro GA5 was maintained through to anthesis across three years of field experiments on intact trees, as well as with cuttings. Whether 16,17-dihydro GA5, a competitive inhibitor of the 3β-hydroxylation step in GA biosynthesis, acts per se, acts via a metabolite (such as 16,17-dihydro GA3), or acts by modifying endogenous GA metabolism is not yet known.Key words: gibberellins, trinexapac-ethyl, floral bud morphogenesis, peach.

scholarly journals Microsporogenesis of peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) varieties

2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (3-4) ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Szalay ◽  
B. Timon ◽  
Z. Szabó ◽  
J. Papp
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Floral Development ◽  
Germplasm Collection ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Floral Bud

Bud dormancy during winter is a critical factor in peach production in Hungary. The yield is determined basically by the survival rate of flower buds during winter frosts and by their ability to develop normal floral organs. It is important to investigate the genetic basis of slow floral development during dormancy for the purpose of breeding peach varieties with better winter hardiness. The aim of the present research was to examine microsporogenesis in 14 peach varieties during three successive winters in a Hungarian germplasm collection and to study the effectiveness of this method in variety evaluation. There were significant differences in the dynamics of microsporogenesis both between the varieties and between the years. Of the varieties, ‘Mayfire', bred in California, possessed the quickest pollen development rate. The microsporogenesis of `Piroska', a Hungarian local variety, was the slowest. Rapid floral bud development was observed in `Aranycsillag', `Springcrest' and 'Venus'. A medium developmental rate was characteristic of `Babygold 6', Fairlane', `Michelini' and `Red June', while development was slow in 'Champion', 'Early Redhaven', `Redhaven', `Harko' and `Mariska'. Based on these results, the study of microsporogenesis represents a reliable method for the phenological description of peach varieties during dormancy. The application of this method makes it possible to identify varieties and landraces with slow flower bud development, suggesting better winter hardiness.

scholarly journals Meristem Development and its Relation to Endogenous GA3 and IAA Contents During Floral Bud Differentiation in Broccoli

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Xinmei Jiang ◽  
Xihong Yu ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Meristem Development ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Floral Bud

The effects of three temperature treatments on morphological changes in the apical meristem and contents of GA3 and IAA in leaves during floral bud differentiation in early maturing cultivar of broccoli were studied. Plants went through every stage of flower-bud differentiation at day/night temperatures of 17.3±1/9.3±1°C. At 21.3±1/13.3±1°C, floral bud development ceased after primary axillary scape primordium differentiation and apical meristem entered a reversion stage. The apical meristem remained in the vegetative growth phase in plants growing at 25.3±1/17.3±1°C. Leaf GA3 contents started to increase while IAA contents started to decrease when plants entered the flower bud initiation stage. GA3 content was high and IAA content was low during all stages of axillary scape primordium differentiation.Key words: Meristem development; Broccoli; Apical meristem; GA3; IAADOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbas.v35i1.7966 Journal of Bangladesh Academy of Sciences, Vol.35, No.1, 1-6, 2011

scholarly journals Natural and Artificial Chilling of Southern Highbush Blueberry

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 825B-825
Author(s):  
Donna A. Marshall* ◽  
Stephen J. Stringer ◽  
James M. Spiers
Keyword(s):  
Bud Break ◽  
Delivery Method ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Chilling Requirements ◽  
Highbush Blueberries ◽  
Southern Highbush ◽  
Chilling Hours ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Vegetative Bud

A study was initiated in November, 2002 to determine the effects of exposing two Southern Highbush blueberries (Vaccinium corybosum L) to artificial chilling hours on initiation of bud break and advancement of floral and vegetative bud maturity. Plants of `Jubilee' and `Misty' were divided into 2 groups in which one was left outdoors, allowing chilling to occur and accumulate naturally, while the other group was placed in a growth chamber set at a constant artificial temperature of 4 °C. Five plants of each cultivar were then placed into a heated greenhouse after 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 hours of chilling (total hours of exposure to <5 °C) had accumulated for forcing of flower bud development. The progression of floral bud development of the terminal three buds on five tagged stems was observed at 7-10 day intervals for 30 days. At the end of the forcing period observations were also made on total percent vegetative and floral bud break. Prior to accumulating sufficient chilling requirements, chilling delivery method did not appear to influence the rate of floral bud development since none advanced past stage 3 regardless of chilling regime used. However after chilling requirements were met, flower buds of plants that were allowed to chill naturally developed more quickly than did those chilled by artificial means.

scholarly journals Time-series Multi-spectral Imaging in Soybean for Improving Biomass and Genomic Prediction Accuracy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kengo Sakurai ◽  
Yusuke Toda ◽  
Hiromi Kajiya-Kanegae ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohmori ◽  
Yuji Yamasaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genomic Prediction ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Optimal Timing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Ms Imaging ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Multi-spectral (MS) imaging enables the measurement of characteristics important for increasing the prediction accuracy of genotypic and phenotypic values for yield-related traits. In this study, we evaluated the potential application of temporal MS imaging for the prediction of above-ground biomass (AGB) and determined which developmental stages should be used for accurate prediction in soybean. Field experiments with 198 accessions of soybean were conducted with four different irrigation levels. Five vegetation indices (VIs) were calculated using MS images from soybean canopies from early to late growth stages. To predict the genotypic values of AGB, VIs at the different growth stages were used as secondary traits in a multi-trait genomic prediction. The accuracy of the prediction model increased starting at an early stage of growth (31 days after sowing). To predict phenotypic values of AGB, we employed multi-kernel genomic prediction. Consequently, the prediction accuracy of phenotypic values reached a maximum at a relatively early growth stage (38 days after sowing). Hence, the optimal timing for MS imaging may depend on the irrigation levels.

scholarly journals Patterns of Floral Bud Development in Canes of Erect and Trailing Blackberries

2003 ◽  
Vol 128 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumiomi Takeda ◽  
Bernadine C. Strik ◽  
Derek Peacock ◽  
John R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Development ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Advanced Stage ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Basal Branch ◽  
Flower Bud Differentiation ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Flower bud development was studied in `Cherokee', `Boysen', and `Marion' blackberries (Rubus subgenus Rubus Watson). In `Cherokee' (erect type), the transition to reproductive development in buds on the branch canes occurred during September in Arkansas and Oregon. Transitions of buds in the axils of the most basal nodes (proximal to the main cane) and the most distal nodes lagged behind buds in the midsection (about nodes 6 to 10). Along the midsection of branch canes, the buds developed uniformly. In buds of `Boysen' and `Marion' (trailing type), the transition to reproductive development occurred in October and sepal primordia were observed in most buds examined by November. Progression of floral bud development continued into January, but at a slower rate than in autumn. Buds on the main canes (>3 m long) of `Boysen' and `Marion' remained at a more advanced stage of flower bud differentiation than buds on the basal branch canes. In both cultivars, buds from the middle one-third section, and sometimes buds from the bottom one-third section, tended to be more advanced than those buds in the top one-third section during much of the sampling period. The results suggest that rate and patterns of flower bud development vary among cultivars grown in different locations. However, the pattern of flower bud development was not in a basipetal fashion on main or branch canes.

scholarly journals Changes to soil water content and biomass yield under combined maize and maize-weed vegetation with different fertilization treatments in loam soil

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Éva Lehoczky ◽  
Mariann Kamuti ◽  
Nikolett Mazsu ◽  
Renáta Sándor
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Loam Soil

AbstractEspecially during early developmental stages, competition with weeds can reduce crop growth and have a serious effect on productivity. Here, the effects of interactions between soil water content (SWC), nutrient availability, and competition from weeds on early stage crop growth were investigated, to better understand this problem. Field experiments were conducted in 2013 and 2014 using long-term study plots on loam soil in Hungary. Plots of maize (Zea maysL.) and a weed-maize combination were exposed to five fertilization treatments. SWC was observed along the 0–80 cm depth soil profile and harvested aboveground biomass (HAB) was measured.Significant differences were found between SWC in maize and maize-weed plots. In all treatments, measured SWC was most variable in soil depths of up to 50 cm, and at the 8–10 leaves (BBCH19) growth stage of the crop. The greatest depletion of SWC was detected within PK treatments across the entire soil profile and under both vegetation types, with depletion also considerable under NPK and NP treatments. Biomass growth was significantly influenced by weeds in treated plots between the BBCH 13 and 19 phenological stages, but water availability did not hamper growth rates in non-fertilized conditions. These findings suggest that, at early stages of crop growth, SWC model simulations need to include better characterisation of depth- and structure-dependent soil water uptake by vegetation.

scholarly journals Rootstock-induced Differences in Flower Bud Phenology in Peach

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (5) ◽  
pp. 690-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward F. Durner ◽  
Joseph C. Goffreda
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Temperature Profiles ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Spring Temperature ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Bud Phenology ◽  
Bud Growth ◽  
Spring Frosts ◽  
Enhanced Yield ◽  
Scion Cultivar

Three peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] rootstock plantings were monitored for date and rate of bloom during Spring 1989 and 1990 to determine if the time of scion bloom on different rootstocks is determined by the date of initiation of bud growth in the spring or by the duration of a particular bud stage. Included were a 1984 planting of `Redhaven' on eight rootstocks, a 1984 planting of `Rio-Oso-Gem' and `Loring', each on 11 rootstocks, and a 1986 planting of `Encore' on 18 rootstocks. The effect of rootstock on bud phenology was consistent within scion cultivar over two extremely different spring temperature profiles. In `Redhaven' and `Rio-Oso-Gem', rootstocks affected the dates but not the rates of bud development. Rootstocks affected both the dates and rates of `Loring' and `Encore' bud development. No consistent effect of rootstock on yield could be associated with delayed bud development in `Rio-Oso-Gem', `Redhaven', or `Loring'; however, delayed bud development of `Encore' on `Okinawa' x `Cardinal' and 62325 resulted in enhanced yield following spring frosts.

scholarly journals Floral biology of indigenous pummelo genotypes

2015 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
MA Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Floral Biology ◽  
Flower Morphology ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Agricultural Research Station ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Floral Bud

Flower morphology and bud development of pummelo accessions CG-1, CG-18 and CG-151 were studied at the Pummelo Orchard of Regional Agricultural Research Station, BARI, Akbarpur, Moulvibazar and the Horticulture Laboratory of Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University during 2008-2009. Pummelo flowers were bisexual, bore singly on leaf axils or in clusters with or without leaf on stem in all accessions, and colour were white. Calyx diameter varied from 0.94 in CG-1 to 1.02 in CG-18. Number of petals per flower ranged from 4.0 to 4.5. Anthers were yellow in colour and only CG- 151 produced few rudimentary styles. Diameter of stigma varied from 0.39 mm to 0.49 mm. Number of locules per ovary was in between 14.6 to16.0 and number of ovules per locules varied from 4.0 to 9.0. Stages of floral bud development from initiation to anthesis were divided into 9 distinct stages. In pummelo, a total of 27.7 to 31.2 days were required from a bud initiation to reach its fully developed stage. Suitable time for emasculation of pummelo flowers was found within 26 days from flower bud initiation. Between 3:00am to 5:00am, about 76% flowers were found to be opened and between 4:00pm to 5:00pm in all the three accessions, dehiscence of pollens was recorded. Abscission of stamen, petal and style started after 50.8, 76.4 and 162.3 hrs and completed after 128.4, 137.9 and 228.3 hrs of anthesis, respectively.Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 40(2): 177-188, June 2015

scholarly journals Application of Dormant Oil to Peach Trees Modifies Bud-Twig Internal Atmosphere

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 1304-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis E. Deyton ◽  
Carl E. Sams ◽  
John C. Cummins
Keyword(s):  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Repeated Application ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Oil Concentration ◽  
Peach Trees ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Treatments of single applications of 0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, or 12% dormant oil were sprayed on peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch) trees on 6 Feb. 1990. A repeat application of 6% oil plus 6% oil applied 6 days later was also made. Internal CO 2 concentrations of oil-treated buds and twigs were higher than the control the day after treatment and continued to be higher for 6 days. The second application of 10% oil prolonged the elevated CO2 concentration. Applications of 9% or 12% oil delayed flower bud development and bloom. The repeated application of 6% oil delayed bud development and bloom more than a single application of 6% oil. Damage to fruit buds increased as oil concentration increased, but repeated application of 6% oil resulted in less damage than a single application of 12% oil.

scholarly journals Flower Bud Organogenesis and Development in Blackberry Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 682g-683
Author(s):  
F. Takeda ◽  
B. C. Strik ◽  
J. R. Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atlantic Coast ◽  
The United States ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Bud Development ◽  
Thornless Blackberry ◽  
Bud Initiation ◽  
Floral Bud ◽  
Coast Region ◽  
Flower Bud Development

Western trailing blackberries (e.g., `Boysen' and `Marion') are grown in Oregon. USDA-released semi-erect thornless blackberries (e.g., `Chester Thornless') and erect, thorny blackberries (e.g., `Cherokee') from Arkansas are grown across the United States from the mid-Atlantic coast region to Oregon. Flower bud development in several blackberry cultivars growing at three sites (Arkansas, Oregon, and West Virginia) was studied. In buds of `Boysen' and `Marion' blackberries from Oregon, sepal primordia were first observed in September and November, respectively. Further floral bud development continued into January. Sepal development in `Cherokee' buds occurred in November in Oregon and in December in Arkansas. At all subsequent sampling dates, the development was more advanced in Oregon than in Arkansas. Buds of `Chester Thornless' blackberry from all three sites remained undifferentiated until spring. Preliminary findings indicated that the time of flower bud initiation varied considerably among the cultivars examined. The results suggest that floral bud development in blackberry, once initiated, is continuous, but periods of low temperature can arrest bud development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document