Linking the physiological parameters of nitrate uptake with root morphology and topology in wheat (Triticum durum) and citrus (Citrus volkameriana) rootstock

2002 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 494-503 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Sorgonà ◽  
G Cacco
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Topological Index ◽  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Citrus Volkameriana

The relationships between net nitrate uptake and root morphology and topology were investigated in wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) and citrus (Citrus volkameriana Ten. & Pasq.) seedlings in which root systems were modified by supplying different nutrient concentrations. Root morphological and topological changes were assessed by the number of root tips, the total root length, and the topological index. The net nitrate uptake process was evaluated during the induction and inhibition "feedback" regulation phases. In wheat seedlings, an increase in the external nitrate concentration, at either high or no phosphate, brought about an increase in number of root tips but did not affect total root length. A similar pattern was observed in citrus seedlings. Citrus seedlings also exhibited a shift in root branching pattern from herringbone to dichotomous with an increase in the external nitrate concentration. Conversely, wheat root topology was unaffected by nutrient treatments. A high level of nitrate supplied to wheat and citrus root systems reduced the full induction of the nitrate uptake rate and cumulative nitrate uptake but increased the half-time of reaching the full induction in net nitrate uptake (t1/2 kind). Finally, a negative correlation between number of root tips and t1/2 kind was found in both species, while only in citrus seedlings was a positive correlation between t1/2 kind and the topological index observed. The data suggest that root morphology has a greater effect on nitrate uptake than root topology.Key words: root morphology, root topology, net nitrate uptake, Citrus volkameriana, Triticum durum.

scholarly journals Comparisons of Root Morphology in Susceptible and Tolerant Melon Cultivars before and after Infection by Monosporascus cannonballus

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-683 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin Crosby ◽  
David Wolff ◽  
Marvin Miller
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Root Tip ◽  
Total Root Length ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Monosporascus Cannonballus ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
The Impact

The fungus Monosporascus cannonballus Pollock and Uecker infects melon (Cucumis melo L.) roots and causes root rot/vine decline disease, which has reduced productivity of commercial muskmelon and honeydew cultivars in South Texas. To assess the impact of the fungus on several root traits, two greenhouse experiments were carried out over two seasons. A comparison of inoculated vs. control root systems was carried out with four melon cultivars representing both susceptible (`Magnum 45' and `Caravelle') and tolerant types (`Deltex' and `Doublon'). The sand medium was inoculated with 50–60 colony forming units (CFUs) per gram of the severe Monosporascus strain, TX90-25. After a 30-day growth period, the control and inoculated root systems were carefully cleaned and evaluated. Roots were scanned by a computer and the data were analyzed by the Rhizo Pro 3.8 program. The traits of interest included total root length, average root diameter, number of root tips, number of fine roots (0–0.5 mm), and number of small roots (0.5–1 mm). Significant differences existed between the two tolerant cultivars and the two susceptible ones for four of the traits. Total root length, fine and small root length, and root tip number were greater for `Deltex' than for both susceptible cultivars and greater for `Doublon' than for `Caravelle'. The results suggest that tolerance to this pathogen is closely linked to the integrity of the root structure. The potential for improving root vigor to combat root rot/vine decline merits further investigation.

Effects of Temperature on Root Morphology and Ectendomycorrhizal Development in Pinusresinosa Ait.

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh E. Wilcox ◽  
Ruth Ganmore-Neumann
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Root System ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Root Temperature ◽  
First Order ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Seedlings of Pinusresinosa were grown at root temperatures of 16, 21 and 27 °C, both aseptically and after inoculation with the ectendomycorrhizal fungus BDG-58. Growth after 3 months was significantly influenced by the presence of the fungus at all 3 temperatures. The influence of the fungus on root growth was obscured by the effects of root temperature on morphology. The root system at 16 and at 21 °C possessed many first-order laterals with numerous, well developed second-order branches, but those at 27 °C had only a few, relatively long, unbranched first-order laterals. Although the root systems of infected seedlings were larger, the fungus increased root growth in the same pattern as determined by the temperature.

scholarly journals Planting Depth Affects Root Form of Three Shade Tree Cultivars in Containers

2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 132-139
Author(s):  
Edward Gilman ◽  
Chris Harchick ◽  
Maria Paz
Keyword(s):  
Root Morphology ◽  
Adventitious Root ◽  
Substrate Surface ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Planting Depth ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Shade Tree ◽  
Container Wall ◽  
Stem Girdling

Study was designed to evaluate impact of planting depth on root morphology inside nursery containers. Trees were planted shallow (13 mm) or deep (64 mm) into #3 Air-Pot™ containers, then shallow (0 mm) or deep (64 mm) into #15 containers prior to shifting them to their final #45 container size at the same depth. Trunk diameter (caliper) was significantly larger for both magnolia and maple planted shallow (13 mm) into #3, and then shallow into #15 containers when compared to planting deeper. However, differences were small and may not be relevant to a grower. No caliper or height differences among planting depths were found for elm. Presence of stem girdling roots in elm and magnolia growing in #45 containers increased with planting depth into # 3 containers. Downward re-orientation of main roots comprising the flare by #3 container wall, likely contributed to amount of roots growing over root flare. Maple root systems were not impacted by planting depth into #3 primarily due to adventitious root emergence from the buried portion of stem. Distance between substrate surface and top of root flare in finished #45 containers was not impacted by planting depth into #3 containers for any species. Planting elm and maple deeply into #15 led to more trunk-girdling by roots, a deeper root flare, and more roots growing over flare compared to planting shallow. Most root defects in all species were hidden from view because they were found below substrate surface. Presence of a visible root flare was not related to occurrence of root defects. Root balls on elm and maple were packed with roots which made it time consuming to remove substrate and roots above the root flare. Planting depth appears most crucial when shifting into #15 containers.

scholarly journals Image analysis techniques to characterise white clover root morphology

1998 ◽  
pp. 187-191
Author(s):  
Debbie Care ◽  
Shirley Nichols ◽  
Derek Woodfield
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Clover Root ◽  
Image Analysis Techniques

The use of low-ionic-strength hydroponic culture and image analysis techniques to discriminate and isolate morphologically distinct, genetically differentiated root types within white clover is described. Advantages of this method include the ability to view the genetic expression of the root systems without the modifying effects of growth in soil, to examine the growth and structure of roots over time, and to store the images for further examination. It is recognised that although the root systems grow in three dimensions, they are constrained to two dimensions by the flatbed scanner. However, the morphological parameters determined by image analysis would not be altered whether this analysis was measured in two or three dimensions. Keywords: image analysis, root morphology, solution culture, Trifolium repens

A biochemical study of BAS 517 using excised corn and soybean root systems

Weed Science ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-36
Author(s):  
Hwei-Yiing Li ◽  
Chester L. Foy
Keyword(s):  
Root System ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Lipid Fraction ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Corn Roots ◽  
Tracer Techniques ◽  
High Degree

The mode of action of BAS 517 in a susceptible plant species, corn, was investigated using an excised root system and14C-tracer techniques. The root system of a tolerant species, soybean, was used for comparison. When UL-14C- glucose was used as a precursor,14C incorporation into lipids was reduced in BAS 517-treated corn roots, although14C incorporation from UL-14C-glucose into lipids was relatively low. Inhibition of14C incorporation into water-soluble compounds was not definite because of a high degree of variability. Using14C-acetate as a precursor, 49, 43, and 34% of the recovered radioactivity was found in the lipid fractions of root tips treated with 0, 1.0, and 10 μM BAS 517, respectively. In nontreated soybean root tips, 47% of the recovered radioactivity was found in the lipid fraction compared to 49% in root tips treated with 10 μM BAS 517. Further analysis of lipids showed that BAS 517 inhibited the incorporation of14C from14C-acetate into phosphatidylethanolamine, a phospholipid, whereas the labeling of sterols in treated corn roots was not adversely affected. Acetyl CoA carboxylase extracted from root systems of corn and soybean showed different sensitivity to BAS 517, suggesting its role as the herbicide target site and as a basis for the selectivity.

scholarly journals Nitrate Uptake and Partitioning by Corn Root Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 560-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
William L. Pan ◽  
William A. Jackson ◽  
Robert H. Moll
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Uptake ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Corn Root

A Method for Studying the Distribution of Absorbing Roots of Fruit Trees

1971 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Weller
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Fruit Trees ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Western Germany ◽  
Absorbing Roots

SUMMARYA method is described for studying the distribution of absorbing roots of fruit trees using the number of light root tips per unit of soil space as a criterion for characterizing the spatial distribution of the absorbing parts of the root systems. As examples of the use of this method, some results are shown from investigations with apple trees in South-Western Germany. They demonstrate the influence of soil-type and soil management on the distribution of absorbing roots. Striking temporal variations in the number of root tips were observed in the same tree.

Effect of Copper Toxicity on Root Morphology, Ultrastructure, and Copper Accumulation in Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens)

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 399-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junren Chen ◽  
Danli Peng ◽  
Mohammad Shafi ◽  
Song Li ◽  
Jiasen Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Moso Bamboo ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Root Surface Area ◽  
Phyllostachys Pubescens ◽  
Root Tips ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Abstract A hydroponic culture experiment was conducted to study the effect of copper toxicity on root morphology, ultrastructure, and copper accumulation in Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens). Root ultrastructure of Moso bamboo was studied by transmission electron microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Application of 200 μM Cu resulted in an accumulation of 810 mg kg-1 dry weight and 91 mg kg-1 dry weight Cu in roots and shoots, respectively. The majority of the plants did not survive the application of 400 μM Cu. Biomass production declined consistently with application of each additional increment of Cu. Root growth was more severely inhibited than shoot growth. Cu adversely affected the root morphology of the plants, however, root surface area and number of root tips increased slightly at low levels of Cu. Root cell ultrastructure and organelles changed significantly under Cu stress, in particular, cell walls, mitochondria, and xylem parenchyma were affected.

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