Comparative floral morphometrics of distyly and homostyly in three evolutionary lineages of Amsinckia (Boraginaceae)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (11) ◽  
pp. 1332-1348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Mark O Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Sepal Length ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Degree Of Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Using three ancestor-descendant lineages of Amsinckia (Boraginaceae), we studied changes in floral morphology associated with evolution of the breeding system. Each lineage comprised a distylous ancestor and a homostylous descendant: (i) Amsinckia furcata Suksd. – Amsinckia vernicosa Hook. & Arn.; (ii) Amsinckia douglasiana A. DC. – Amsinckia tessellata var. gloriosa (Suksd.) Hoover; and (iii) Amsinckia spectabilis Fischer & C. Meyer. Comparisons of 26 floral traits were made between pins and thrums within the distylous groups, between distyly (pins and thrums combined) and homostyly as well as among pins, thrums, and homostyles. Differences among the morphs were also compared across the three lineages. In distylous flowers, the six traits directly related to stamen height or pistil height varied as expected from their close relationship to the definition of pins and thrums, with the stamen-height-related characters greater in thrums and the pistil-height-related characters greater in pins. Thrums had larger pollen grains in all lineages. Pollen production was either similar in the two distylous morphs or lower in thrums than in pins, depending on species. Thrums also tended to have larger style cross-sectional area and style transmission tissue cross-sectional area. In two of three lineages, thrums had longer corollas, whereas pins exceeded thrums in functional anther–stigma separation and in stigmatic papilla size. The size order of a trait in pins versus thrums was consistent in all lineages for 18 of 26 traits; in seven of the eight remaining traits, A. spectabilis was the unusual lineage. Sepal length, corolla width, and stigma size did not differ significantly between the two distylous morphs. In homostyles, traits related to anther height and pistil height were intermediate between pins and thrums in all lineages; for other traits, including anther–stigma separation and overall size, homostyles generally had the smallest values. For most traits, lineages differed in the degree of differentiation among the three morphs as well as between distyly and homostyly. Thus, in Amsinckia, the evolution of homostyly involves a general reduction in flower size, but by an amount that varies both among traits and among lineages.Key words: Amsinckia, dimorphism, distyly, floral evolution, homostyly, mating system.

Pelvic Canal Narrowing Caused by Triple Pelvic Osteotomy in the Dog

1994 ◽  
Vol 07 (03) ◽  
pp. 110-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Holmberg ◽  
M. B. Hurtig ◽  
H. R. Sukhiani
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Pelvic Osteotomy ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Canal Width ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Post Operative Complications

SummaryDuring a triple pelvic osteotomy, rotation of the free acetabular segment causes the pubic remnant on the acetabulum to rotate into the pelvic canal. The resulting narrowing may cause complications by impingement on the organs within the pelvic canal. Triple pelvic osteotomies were performed on ten cadaver pelves with pubic remnants equal to 0, 25, and 50% of the hemi-pubic length and angles of acetabular rotation of 20, 30, and 40 degrees. All combinations of pubic remnant lengths and angles of acetabular rotation caused a significant reduction in pelvic canal-width and cross-sectional area, when compared to the inact pelvis. Zero, 25, and 50% pubic remnants result in 15, 35, and 50% reductions in pelvic canal width respectively. Overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment should be minimized to reduce postoperative complications due to pelvic canal narrowing.When performing triple pelvic osteotomies, the length of the pubic remnant on the acetabular segment and the angle of acetabular rotation both significantly narrow the pelvic canal. To reduce post-operative complications, due to narrowing of the pelvic canal, overrotation of the acetabulum should be avoided and the length of the pubic remnant should be minimized.

DETERMINATION OF THE FUNCTION OF THE ROD’S CROSS-SECTIONAL AREA USING VIBRATION EIGENFREQUENCIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (4) ◽  
pp. 19-24
Author(s):  
I.M. UTYASHEV ◽  
◽  
A.A. AITBAEVA ◽  
A.A. YULMUKHAMETOV ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Variable Cross ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Longitudinal Vibrations ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Method Error ◽  
Various Boundary Conditions ◽  
Elastic Fixation ◽  
Crosssectional Area

The paper presents solutions to the direct and inverse problems on longitudinal vibrations of a rod with a variable cross-sectional area. The law of variation of the cross-sectional area is modeled as an exponential function of a polynomial of degree n . The method for reconstructing this function is based on representing the fundamental system of solutions of the direct problem in the form of a Maclaurin series in the variables x and λ. Examples of solutions for various section functions and various boundary conditions are given. It is shown that to recover n unknown coefficients of a polynomial, n eigenvalues are required, and the solution is dual. An unambiguous solution was obtained only for the case of elastic fixation at one of the rod’s ends. The numerical estimation of the method error was made using input data noise. It is shown that the error in finding the variable crosssectional area is less than 1% with the error in the eigenvalues of longitudinal vibrations not exceeding 0.0001.

Changes in the parameters of nasal breathing and parameters of the upper respiratory tract during orthognathic operations in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-27
Author(s):  
S.Sh. Gammadaeva ◽  
M.I. Misirkhanova ◽  
A.Yu. Drobyshev
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Nasal Septum ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Nasal Breathing ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The study analyzed the functional parameters of nasal breathing, linear parameters of the nasal aperture, nasal cavity and nasopharynx, volumetric parameters of the upper airways in patients with II and III skeletal class of jaw anomalies before and after orthognathic surgery. The respiratory function of the nose was assessed using a rhinomanometric complex. According to rhinoresistometry data, nasal resistance and hydraulic diameter were assessed. According to the data of acoustic rhinometry, the minimum cross-sectional area along the internal valve, the minimum cross-sectional area on the head of the inferior turbinate and nasal septum and related parameters were estimated. According to the CBCT data, the state of the nasal septum, the inferior turbinates, the nasal aperture, the state of the nasal cavity, and the linear values of the upper respiratory tract (nasopharynx) were analyzed. The patients were divided into 4 groups according to the classification of the patency of the nasal passages by

Unequal Probability Scheme for Fruit Count in a Guava Tree

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. BHARATI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Equal Probability ◽  
Sampling Scheme ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Unequal Probability ◽  
Selection Probabilities ◽  
Horticultural Research ◽  
Number Of Branches

Data on fruit count corresponding to primary, secondary and tertiary branches of a randomly selected guava CV. Allahabad Safeda were recorded from the guava orchard of Horticultural Research Station, Birauli. The proposed sampling scheme in which the selection probabilities are based on length of braches between two forking points was compared with equal probability(PE), probability proportional to the number of branches(PPN), probability proportional to the cross sectional area (PPA) and probability proportional to volume (PPV) method of sampling and found to be more efficient.

Effect of Early Low-Intensity Exercise on Rat Hind-Limb Muscles Following Acute Ischemic Stroke

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung-Ae Choe ◽  
Gyeong Ju An ◽  
Yoon-Kyong Lee ◽  
Ji Hye Im ◽  
Smi Choi-Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hind Limb ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Type I ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Type ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

This study examined the effects of daily low-intensity exercise following acute stroke on mass, Type I and II fiber cross-sectional area, and myofibrillar protein content of hind-limb muscles in a rat model. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 groups (n = 7-9 per group): stroke (occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery [RMCA]), control (sham RMCA procedure), exercise, and stroke-exercise. Beginning 48 hours post-stroke induction/sham operation, rats in the exercise group had 6 sessions of exercise in which they ran on a treadmill at grade 10 for 20 min/day at 10 m/min. At 8 days poststroke, all rats were anesthetized and soleus, plantaris, and gastrocnemius muscles were dissected from both the affected and unaffected sides. After 6 sessions of exercise following acute ischemic stroke, the stroke-exercise group showed the following significant (p < .05) increases compared to the stroke-only group: body weight and dietary intake, muscle weight of affected soleus and both affected and unaffected gastrocnemius muscle, Type I fiber cross-sectional area of affected soleus and both affected and unaffected gastrocnemius muscle, Type II fiber cross-sectional area of the unaffected soleus, both affected and unaffected plantaris and gastrocnemius muscle, Type II fiber distribution of affected gastrocnemius muscle, and myofibrillar protein content of both affected and unaffected soleus muscle. Daily low-intensity exercise following acute stroke attenuates hind-limb muscle atrophy in both affected and unaffected sides. The effects of exercise are more pronounced in the soleus and gastrocnemius as compared to the plantaris muscle.

D of Inner Cross-Sectional Area of Airway Branches in COPD Patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kinose ◽  
E. Ogawa ◽  
Y. Matsuo ◽  
W. Shigemori ◽  
Y. Uchida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Copd Patients

Estimating myofiber cross‐sectional area and connective tissue deposition with electrical impedance myography: a study in D2 ‐mdx mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarbesh R. Pandeya ◽  
Janice A. Nagy ◽  
Daniela Riveros ◽  
Carson Semple ◽  
Rebecca S. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Mdx Mice ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Cross Sectional
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