Clethra barbinervis, a member of the order Ericales, forms arbuscular mycorrhizae

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 300-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Kubota ◽  
T P McGonigle ◽  
M Hyakumachi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
First Report ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
The Family ◽  
Clethra Barbinervis

The mycorrhizal status of Clethra barbinervis, in the family Clethraceae of the order Ericales, was investigated. Mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis roots collected from naturally occurring trees in two forests in Japan was determined monthly for 12 months. In addition, mycorrhizal colonization of C. barbinervis seedlings grown in pots of field-collected soil was evaluated. Field-collected C. barbinervis roots were extensively colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi that exhibited the Paris-type morphology. At both sites, total colonization ranged from 42–87% of root length and arbuscular colonization ranged from 6–31% of root length during the year. At one site, hyphal-coil colonization was between 37–61% year round; at the other site, it increased from between 30–56% during August-November to as high as 80% in January. Year round at both sites, vesicular colonization was 7% of root length or less. The Paris-type morphology was also seen in pot-grown C. barbinervis seedlings. Total colonization of pot-grown C. barbinervis seedlings was 34–56% of the root length over 5–20 weeks. To our knowledge, this study is the first report of the mycorrhizal status of a plant in the Clethraceae and the first report of arbuscular mycorrhizae in any member of the Ericales.Key words: Paris-type, Japan, seasonal pattern, arbuscular mycorrhiza, Ericales.

scholarly journals Border Cells and Arbuscular Mycorrhizae in Four Amaranthaceae Species

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1240-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Arriola ◽  
Brendan A. Niemira ◽  
Gene R. Safir
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Root Colonization ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Border Cells ◽  
Cell Production ◽  
Border Cell ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
The Family

Four species from the family Amaranthaceae were studied to determine border cell production and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. It was found that border cells, also known as sloughed root cap cells, are produced by all plant species studied and increase with increasing root length until a maximum number is reached at a root length of 25 mm. However, the increase in border cells with increasing root length is not uniform between species. Arbuscular mycorrhizal root colonization was found in all the Amaranthaceae species, and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization was positively correlated with maximum border cell production.

scholarly journals NATIVE MICROBIOTA AND ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI ON GROWTH OF Paspalum millegrana SCHRAD

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 345-353
Author(s):  
JOHNY DE JESUS MENDONÇA ◽  
LARISSA DE SOUZA GOIS ◽  
JACILENE FRANCISCA SOUZA SANTOS ◽  
TAMIRIS APARECIDA DE CARVALHO SANTOS ◽  
FRANCISCO SANDRO RODRIGUES HOLANDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
The Family ◽  
Symbiotic Fungi ◽  
Shoot Mass ◽  
Gigaspora Albida

ABSTRACT Paspalum millegrana grass is a member of the family Poaceae native to the Americas, whose interaction with native symbiotic fungi has not yet been reported. The objective of this study was to evaluate the interactions between the native microorganisms and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the development of P. millegrana Schrad. The experimental design was completely randomized with seven treatments (control, without AMF; native microbial inoculant; native + UFLA05 Gigaspora albida; native + UFLA351 Rhizoglomus clarum; native + UFLA372 Claroideoglomus etunicatum; native + UFLA401 Acaulospora morrowiae, and a mix of all treatments). The substrate was autoclaved sand and coconut powder at 2:1, with eight repetitions. The variables analyzed were: mycorrhizal colonization, dark septate endophytic fungi colonization, number of mycorrhizal spores, dry shoot mass, dry root mass, root length and volume, number of tiller and mycorrhizal dependence. Mycorrhizal arbuscular fungi and dark septate endophytic fungi colonized P. millegrana. The sporulation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi associated with P. millegrana was influenced by mycorrhizal colonization, depending on the fungus-plant interaction. P. millegrana was responsive to native + UFLA05 and native + UFLA351. No correlation between tiller emergence and mycorrhizal colonization of P. millegrana was observed.

scholarly journals Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi favor invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus when grown in competition with native Inula conyzae

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Řezáčová ◽  
Milan Řezáč ◽  
Hana Gryndlerová ◽  
Gail W. T. Wilson ◽  
Tereza Michalová
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Native Plants ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Am Fungi ◽  
Plant Invasions ◽  
Soil Disturbance ◽  
Mycorrhizal Networks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Globalized World

AbstractIn a globalized world, plant invasions are common challenges for native ecosystems. Although a considerable number of invasive plants form arbuscular mycorrhizae, interactions between arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and invasive and native plants are not well understood. In this study, we conducted a greenhouse experiment examining how AM fungi affect interactions of co-occurring plant species in the family Asteracea, invasive Echinops sphaerocephalus and native forb of central Europe Inula conyzae. The effects of initial soil disturbance, including the effect of intact or disturbed arbuscular mycorrhizal networks (CMNs), were examined. AM fungi supported the success of invasive E. sphaerocephalus in competition with native I. conyzae, regardless of the initial disturbance of CMNs. The presence of invasive E. sphaerocephalus decreased mycorrhizal colonization in I. conyzae, with a concomitant loss in mycorrhizal benefits. Our results confirm AM fungi represent one important mechanism of plant invasion for E. sphaerocephalus in semi-natural European grasslands.

Exploring the role of root anatomy in P-mediated control of colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

Botany ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. N. Sharda ◽  
R. T. Koide
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Root Anatomy ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Passage Cells

Alterations of root anatomy have been largely ignored as potential mechanisms for phosphorus-mediated control of arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization. However, at least three anatomical traits including the proportion of root length with a suberized hypodermis, the distribution of hypodermal passage cells, and the proportion of root volume as intercellular air space may influence the degree of colonization. In the present study, we determined whether these traits could be altered by variation in plant phosphorus (P) status. We grew 15 angiosperm species from 13 families, each at two P availabilities, and determined how P status influenced the three root traits. Of the three traits, only the distribution of passage cells was significantly affected by phosphorus status; high P plants possessed a reduced proportion of root length with passage cells. Therefore, in species with passage cells, change in the proportion of root length with passage cells may represent one mechanism for phosphorus-mediated control of mycorrhizal colonization. However, individual species responses to P treatment varied widely, and no single anatomical mechanism appeared to be responsible for the control of mycorrhizal colonization in all species.

Colonization of crop and pasture species with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and a negative correlation with root infection by Bipolaris sorokiniana

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Thompson ◽  
G. B. Wildermuth
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Bipolaris Sorokiniana ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Root Infection ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular ◽  
Mycorrhizal Roots

The roots of 37 crop and pasture species were assessed for vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae in a vertisol containing spores of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi mainly Glomus mosseae, and of the pathogenic fungus, Bipolaris sorokiniana. The level of mycorrhizal colonization of different hosts is an important aspect of managing crop sequences to reduce "long fallow disorder." All species except rapeseed in the Cruciferae and lupin in the Leguminosae were hosts, although perennial rye grass in the Gramineae had only very slight colonization. The percent root length colonized as assessed by the grid-intersect method ranged up to 60.5% for wheat in the winter series and up to 98.4% for mungbean in the summer series. Greatest weights of mycorrhizal roots were produced by phalaris grass, chickpea, safflower, cocksfoot, lucerne, and barley in the winter series and by lucerne, maize, canary seed, Sudan grass, grain sorghum, and buffel grass in the summer series. Although Gramineae as a group tends to have fine roots with a low percentage of mycorrhizal colonization, the total weight of mycorrhizal roots can be large, and they should be at least equal to legumes in effectiveness for breaking long fallow disorder. Percentages of mycorrhizal colonization determined by the grid-intersect and three slide methods were generally well correlated with one another, but all were less strongly correlated with weight of mycorrhizal roots for winter crops and were entirely uncorrelated with weight of mycorrhizal roots for summer crops. Significant inverse-regression relationships were obtained between infection of root segments (but not of stem bases) by B. sorokiniana and root colonization with vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, indicating that vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi antagonise root infection by B. sorokiniana.

Vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Zea mays affected by breeding for resistance to fungal pathogens

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 1039-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Toth ◽  
Deborah Toth ◽  
David Starke ◽  
David R. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Systems ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Vesicular Arbuscular

Inbred lines of Zea mays L. (maize) selected for a range of resistances to a variety of fungal pathogens were assayed for percentage colonization by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Inbreds that were generally resistant to a number of fungal pathogens had significantly lower levels of vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizae, matured more slowly, and had larger root systems. Disease-susceptible inbreds had significantly higher levels of mycorrhizal colonization, matured more rapidly, and had smaller root systems. It is uncertain if a general resistance to fungal pathogens or rate of root development, separately or in combination, may have influenced mycorrhizal colonization levels. Irrespective of cause, present breeding programs for disease resistance in maize do influence the plants ability to form mycorrhizae.

scholarly journals Diversity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Glomeromycota) in adjacent areas of different land use in Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150
Author(s):  
Kuber Baral ◽  
Anjana Giri ◽  
Pradeep Kumar Shah ◽  
Karl Kemmelmeier ◽  
Sidney Luiz Stürmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Coniferous Forest ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Level

Disturbances can affect the incidence of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) in both agricultural and natural ecosystems. The present study is a first attempt for the qualitative assessment of AMF diversity in adjacent areas of a forest ecosystem with different land uses and assess levels of mycorrhizal colonization by these fungi. A total of five soil samples were taken randomly from each of the following areas situated within the same landscape: undisturbed coniferous forest (UF), degraded forest (DF) and cultivated land (CL). A total of 22 taxa of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi belonging to eight genera were identified morphologically, Glomus and Acaulospora being the most common. Species richness ranged from 11-14 among land use areas, with 14 species in UF and 11 species in CL. Acaulospora mellea, Gigaspora sp. and two non-identified Glomus species were detected in all areas. While species richness did not differ significantly amongst areas, diversity at the family level was 43% less in CL than in UF. Mean mycorrhizal colonization was higher in DF (28%) than CL (20%). We concluded that land use mainly affected fungal diversity only at the family level and had no impact on mycorrhizal development in sampled roots. This work provides the first step to identify native AMF species in Nepal that might be cultured for further use by small farmers in a sustainable agriculture approach.

Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizae on biomass and root morphology of selected strawberry cultivars under salt stress

Botany ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Fan ◽  
Yolande Dalpé ◽  
Chengquan Fang ◽  
Claudine Dubé ◽  
Shahrokh Khanizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Morphology ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizae ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Root Tissue ◽  
Sustainable Horticulture

To investigate the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on biomass and root morphology, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using three elite strawberry ( Fragaria  × ananassa Duch.) cultivars (‘Kent’, ‘Jewel’, and ‘Saint-Pierre’). They were subjected to three NaCl levels (0, 30, and 60 mmol/L) and were inoculated and noninoculated (control) with AMF Glomus irregulare . The presence of AMF significantly changed root morphology and increased root-length percentages of medium (0.5 mm < root diameter φ ≤ 1.5 mm) and coarse (φ > 1.5 mm) roots, shoot and root tissue biomass, root to shoot ratio (R/S ratio), and specific root length (SRL), regardless of cultivar and salinity. In contrast, salt alone changed root morphology and decreased shoot and root tissue biomass, R/S ratio, and SRL. The AMF colonization rates were reduced linearly and significantly with increasing salinity levels. Cultivars responded differently to AMF than to salt stress. ‘Saint-Pierre’ seemed to be the most tolerant cultivar to salinity, while ‘Kent’ was the most sensitive. Consequently, AMF symbiosis highly enhanced salt tolerance of strawberry plants, which confirmed the potential use of mycorrhizal biotechnology in sustainable horticulture in arid areas.

scholarly journals Relationship between root traits and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in three species of weeds with different synanthropy index

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. e1360
Author(s):  
Rocío Vega-Frutis ◽  
Ana M. Hanan-Alipi
Keyword(s):  
Root Length ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Specific Root Length ◽  
Root Traits ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Root Branching ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Colonization ◽  
Order Root

  Background: Nutrient foraging strategies between thin and thick roots, including mycorrhizal symbionts are resource-costly, and therefore a trade-off could exist. These strategies can vary with the synanthropy index (degree to which a species associates with anthropogenic habitats), thus maximizing the benefits for the acquisition of soil resources. Objectives: To quantify the arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization of Melampodium species with different synanthropy index, and to determine the correlations between arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization and the architectural and morphological root traits. Methods: Roots of Melampodium divaricatum, M. perfoliatum and M. tepicense, with highest to lowest synanthropy index, respectively were collected. The root branching rate (RBR), total root length (TRL), diameter of first-order root, (FOR), root tissue density (RTD), specific root length (SRL), and arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization were quantified. Additionally, soil chemistry analyses were done. Results and conclusion: Melampodium tepicense had lowest FOR, highest SRL and lowest arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization, whereas M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had the opposite values. Additionally, M. divaricatum and M. perfoliatum had higher TRL, RTD, and RBR, suggesting that both strategies, arbuscular mycorrhiza and fine roots, are used for acquisition of nutrients, independently of their phylogenetic relationship and soil nutrients.

scholarly journals The family of ammonium transporters (AMT) inSorghum bicolor: two AMT members are induced locally, but not systemically in roots colonized by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

2013 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 853-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally Koegel ◽  
Nassima Ait Lahmidi ◽  
Christine Arnould ◽  
Odile Chatagnier ◽  
Florian Walder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Ammonium Transporters ◽  
The Family
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