Recolonization of bigleaf maple branches by epiphytic bryophytes following experimental disturbance

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander R Cobb ◽  
Nalini M Nadkarni ◽  
Grant A Ramsey ◽  
Abraham J Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Human Disturbance ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gamma Diversity ◽  
Successional Stage ◽  
Exposed Area ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Acer Macrophyllum ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Residual Plant ◽  
Experimental Disturbance

The dynamics of epiphytic bryophyte communities following natural and human disturbance have rarely been quantified. We describe the response of bryophyte communities on bigleaf maple trees (Acer macrophyllum Pursh) in Olympia, Washington, following their experimental removal. Approximately 8% of the exposed area was recolonized by bryophytes 1 year after clearing, and 27% after 3 years. Lateral encroachment from bryophytes on the sides of the 20-cm-long plots accounted for 75% of this recolonization, with growth from residual plant parts or aerially dispersed diaspores accounting for the remaining 25%. Though it was not possible to distinguish between the latter two sources of cover, the number of clear de novo colonization events over the course of the year was low (0.18 dm-2). Disturbance appeared to reduce bryophyte diversity at this successional stage, as alpha and gamma diversity remained low after 1 year and had not recovered after 3 years. Reflecting the preponderance of lateral encroachment as the mechanism for recolonization, disturbance size may significantly affect the time needed to recolonize disturbed branch substrates. In addition to contributing to ecologists' understanding of processes of succession, these experiments may help to develop sustainable practices for moss-harvesting in the Pacific Northwest.Key words: succession, bryophytes, epiphytes, Acer macrophyllum, recolonization, canopy studies.

SUPERMAN attenuates positive INNER NO OUTER autoregulation to maintain polar development of Arabidopsis ovule outer integuments

Development ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 129 (18) ◽  
pp. 4281-4289
Author(s):  
Robert J. Meister ◽  
Louren M. Kotow ◽  
Charles S. Gasser
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Sufficient Information ◽  
Coding Region ◽  
Adaxial Side ◽  
Abaxial Side ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Reporter Gene Analysis

The outer integument of Arabidopsis ovules exhibits marked polarity in its development, growing extensively from the abaxial side, but only to a very limited extent from the adaxial side of the ovule. Mutations in two genes affect this asymmetric growth. In strong inner no outer (ino) mutants outer integument growth is eliminated, whereas in superman (sup) mutants integument growth on the adaxial side is nearly equal to wild-type growth on the abaxial side. Through complementation and reporter gene analysis, a region of INO 5′-flanking sequences was identified that contains sufficient information for appropriate expression of INO. Using this INO promoter (P-INO) we show that INO acts as a positive regulator of transcription from P-INO, but is not sufficient for de novo initiation of transcription in other plant parts. Protein fusions demonstrate nuclear localization of INO, consistent with a proposed role as a transcription factor for this member of the YABBY protein family. Through its ability to inhibit expression of the endogenous INO gene and transgenes driven by P-INO, SUP is shown to be a negative regulator of INO transcription. Substitution of another YABBY protein coding region (CRABS CLAW) for INO overcomes this negative regulation, indicating that SUP suppresses INO transcription through attenuation of the INO positive autoregulatory loop.

scholarly journals Investigation of vitamin B12 concentrations and tissue distributions in larval and adult Pacific oysters and related bivalves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Vogeler ◽  
Gary H Wikfors ◽  
Xiaoxu Li ◽  
Justine Sauvage ◽  
Alyssa Joyce
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Adductor Muscle ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Bivalve Species ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
First Feeding ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Crucial Information ◽  
And Function

itamin B 12 (B 12 ) is an essential micronutrient for all animals, but is not present in plants and is produced de novo only by bacteria or archaea. Accordingly, humans must derive required B 12 from eating animal products or vitamin supplements, as deficiencies can lead to severe health issues including neuropathy. An often overlooked source in the human diet of B 12 is shellfish, in particular bivalves, which have significantly higher levels of B 12 than other animal sources, including all vertebrate meats. Origins and key metabolic processes involving B 12 in bivalves remain largely unknown, despite the exceptionally high levels. In this study, we examined in several Australian bivalve species, hypotheses concerning B 12 utilisation and uptake through diet or microorganism symbiosis. Vitamin B 12 is not distributed evenly across different tissues types of the Pacific oyster, the commercial scallop and Goolwa cockle (pipi), with higher accumulation in the oyster adductor muscle and gill, and mantle and syphons of the Goolwa cockle. Oyster larvae before first feeding already contained high amount of B 12 ; however, a significant decrease in B 12 concentration post metamorphosis indicates a higher utilisation of B 12 during this life event. We demonstrated that microalgal feed can be supplemented with B 12 , resulting in an enriched feed, but this did not result in an increase in larval B 12 concentrations when oyster larvae were fed with this diet relative to controls, thus supporting the theory that a B 12 producing microbiome within bivalves was the potential source of B 12 rather than feed. However, B 12 concentrations in the digestive tract of adult oysters were low compared to other tissue types, which might challenge this theory, at least in adults. Our findings provide insight into B 12 uptake and function in bivalve species, which will aid the promotion of bivalves as suitable B 12 source for humans as well as provide crucial information to the aquaculture industry in relation to optimisation of vitamin supplementation in bivalve hatchery production.

scholarly journals Phytoalexins stimulation in the infected Sesamum indicum L. with fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (Rot Disease)

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Sandhya Sharma ◽  
Vinay Sharma ◽  
Afroz Alam
Keyword(s):  
Defense Mechanism ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Phytochemical Compounds ◽  
Improvement Programs ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Plant Pathogen Interactions

Plants respond to a wide variety of pathogen attack. They show the local response in originally attacked plant organ and systemic response in unaffected plant parts with the de novo production of phytochemical compounds. Phenolics (polyphenols) play an important role in the defense mechanism of the plants. So, this study was carried out to analyze the metabolic modifications in Sesame plant after the infection with the pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina) by estimating the levels of polyphenol in 7 days and 14 days old Sesame plants. The polyphenol contents in infected plants are considerably exceeded in contrast to control plants. This in vivo study of M. phaseolina infection reveals the differences of resistance levels in Sesame against the pathogen. The obtained results give important information concerning the plant-pathogen interactions, in the defense response for Sesame improvement programs seeking the adaptation to the diverse range of fungal attack along with adverse environmental factors.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015: 1-18

scholarly journals Phylogeography of infectious disease: genetic diversity and connectivity of the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 population in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Delmotte ◽  
Camille Pelletier ◽  
Benjamin Morga ◽  
Richard Galinier ◽  
Bruno Petton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Ecology ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Dna Viruses ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Oyster Farms ◽  
Ostreid Herpesvirus 1

The genetic diversity of viral populations is a key to understanding ther phylogeographic and dissemination history of viruses, but studying the diversity of whole genomes from natural populations remains a challenge. Molecular ecology approaches are commonly used for RNA viruses harboring small genomes, but have only rarely been applied to DNA viruses with large genomes. Here, we used the Pacific oyster mortality syndrome (POMS, a disease that affects oyster farms around the world) as a model to study the genetic diversity of its causative agent, the Ostreid herpesvirus 1 (OsHV-1) in the three main French oyster-farming areas. Using ultra-deep sequencing on individual moribund oysters and new bioinformatics methodology, we de novo assembled 21 OsHV-1 genomes. Combining whole-genome comparisons with phylogenetic analysis and quantification of major and minor variants, we assessed the connectivity of OsHV-1 viral populations between the three oyster-farming areas. Our results suggest that the Marennes-Oleron Bay represents the main source of OsHV-1 diversity, from where the virus has dispersed to other farming areas, a scenario consistent with current practices of oyster transfers in France. Here, we demonstrate that molecular ecology approaches can be applied to large-genome viruses to determine the extent of their genetic diversity and better understand the spread of viral populations in natural environments.

scholarly journals The Pacific Biosciences de novo assembled genome dataset from a parthenogenetic New Zealand wild population of the longhorned tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis Neumann, 1901

Data in Brief ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 104602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix D. Guerrero ◽  
Kylie G. Bendele ◽  
Noushin Ghaffari ◽  
Joseph Guhlin ◽  
Kristene R. Gedye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Wild Population ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Pacific Biosciences ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Genome Dataset

scholarly journals Transcriptome Profiling of the Pacific Oyster Crassostrea gigas Visceral Ganglia over a Reproduction Cycle Identifies Novel Regulatory Peptides

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Emilie Réalis-Doyelle ◽  
Julie Schwartz ◽  
Cédric Cabau ◽  
Lorane Le Franc ◽  
Benoit Bernay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crassostrea Gigas ◽  
Pacific Oyster ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regulatory Peptides ◽  
Transcriptome Profiling ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
The Pacific

The neuropeptides involved in the regulation of reproduction in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) are quite diverse. To investigate this diversity, a transcriptomic survey of the visceral ganglia (VG) was carried out over an annual reproductive cycle. RNA-seq data from 26 samples corresponding to VG at different stages of reproduction were de novo assembled to generate a specific reference transcriptome of the oyster nervous system and used to identify differentially expressed transcripts. Transcriptome mining led to the identification of novel neuropeptide precursors (NPPs) related to the bilaterian Eclosion Hormone (EH), crustacean female sex hormone/Interleukin 17, Nesfatin, neuroparsin/IGFBP, prokineticins, and urotensin I; to the protostome GNQQN, pleurin, prohormones 3 and 4, prothoracotropic hormones (PTTH), and QSamide/PXXXamide; to the lophotrochozoan CCWamide, CLCCY, HFAamide, and LXRX; and to the mollusk-specific NPPs CCCGS, clionin, FYFY, GNamide, GRWRN, GSWN, GWE, IWMPxxGYxx, LXRYamide, RTLFamide, SLRFamide, and WGAGamide. Among the complete repertoire of NPPs, no sex-biased expression was observed. However, 25 NPPs displayed reproduction stage-specific expression, supporting their involvement in the control of gametogenesis or associated metabolisms.

scholarly journals Effect of Human Disturbance on Bird Telomere Length: An Experimental Approach

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulima Tablado ◽  
Yves Bötsch ◽  
Thibaut Powolny ◽  
Sylvie Massemin ◽  
Sandrine Zahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Telomere Length ◽  
Human Disturbance ◽  
Parus Major ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Physiological Reactions ◽  
Experimental Disturbance

Human recreational activities increase worldwide in space and frequency leading to higher rates of encounter between humans and wild animals. Because wildlife often perceive humans as predators, this increase in human disturbance may have negative consequences for the individuals and also for the viability of populations. Up to now, experiments on the effects of human disturbance on wildlife have mainly focused on individual behavioral and stress-physiological reactions, on breeding success, and on survival. However, the effects on other physiological parameters and trans-generational effects remain poorly understood. We used a low-intensity experimental disturbance in the field to explore the impacts of human disturbance on telomere length in great tit (Parus major) populations and found a clear effect of disturbance on telomere length. Adult males, but not females, in disturbed plots showed shorter telomere lengths when compared to control plot. Moreover, variation in telomere length of adult great tits was reflected in the next generation, as we found a positive correlation between telomere length of the chicks and of their fathers. Given that telomere length has been linked to animal lifespan, our study highlights that activities considered to be of little concern (i.e., low levels of disturbance) can have a long-lasting impact on the physiology and survival of wild animals and their next generation.

scholarly journals Chromosomal-level assembly of the blood clam, Scapharca (Anadara) broughtonii, using long sequence reads and Hi-C

GigaScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Ming Bai ◽  
Lu-Sheng Xin ◽  
Umberto Rosani ◽  
Biao Wu ◽  
Qing-Chen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Genome ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Long Reads ◽  
Oxford Nanopore ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Read ◽  
Blood Clam

Abstract Background The blood clam, Scapharca (Anadara) broughtonii, is an economically and ecologically important marine bivalve of the family Arcidae. Efforts to study their population genetics, breeding, cultivation, and stock enrichment have been somewhat hindered by the lack of a reference genome. Herein, we report the complete genome sequence of S. broughtonii, a first reference genome of the family Arcidae. Findings A total of 75.79 Gb clean data were generated with the Pacific Biosciences and Oxford Nanopore platforms, which represented approximately 86× coverage of the S. broughtonii genome. De novo assembly of these long reads resulted in an 884.5-Mb genome, with a contig N50 of 1.80 Mb and scaffold N50 of 45.00 Mb. Genome Hi-C scaffolding resulted in 19 chromosomes containing 99.35% of bases in the assembled genome. Genome annotation revealed that nearly half of the genome (46.1%) is composed of repeated sequences, while 24,045 protein-coding genes were predicted and 84.7% of them were annotated. Conclusions We report here a chromosomal-level assembly of the S. broughtonii genome based on long-read sequencing and Hi-C scaffolding. The genomic data can serve as a reference for the family Arcidae and will provide a valuable resource for the scientific community and aquaculture sector.

Mycopappus, a new genus of leaf pathogens, and two parasitic Anguillospora species

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 1429-1435 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Redhead ◽  
G. P. White
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Alnus Rubra ◽  
Acer Macrophyllum ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
New Form

A new form-genus, Mycopappus, is recognized for fungi producing multicellular, epiphyllous, splash-dispersed propagules previously described under the names Cercosporella alni Dearness and Bartholomew and C. aceris Dearness and Batholomew. Mycopappus alni comb. nov. occurs on Alnus rubra Bong, or A. sinuata (Regel) Rydb. along the Pacific coast from the Alaskan panhandle to Oregon. Mycopappus aceris comb. nov. on Acer macrophyllum Pursh occurs from southern British Columbia to Oregon. Anguillospora vermiformis (Davis) comb. nov. on Alnus rugosa (Du Roi) Spreng. in Wisconsin and A. coryli sp. nov. on Corylus americana Walt, and C. cornuta Marsh, in Wisconsin have been confused with Mycopappus alni. All four species are leaf pathogens.

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