Differential growth ofFusarium moniliformerelative to tissues from 'Silver Queen', a sweet maize

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
I E Yates ◽  
A J Jaworski
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Differential Growth ◽  
Reproductive Tissues ◽  
Mycelial Development

Vegetative and reproductive tissues of maize, Zea mays L., were inoculated in vitro with Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld. to determine inherent differences among plant tissue types to support mycelia proliferation. The F. moniliforme isolate used for inoculations was tagged with gusA, a reporter gene, providing evidence that developing mycelia were from the inoculum source and excluding possibilities of an external contaminant or an internal endophytic F. moniliforme. Vegetative tissues were dissected from roots, stems, and leaves; reproductive tissues were dissected from developing male and female inflorescences and fruits. In addition, mycelial development was analyzed on nonwounded and wounded mature kernels. Fusarium moniliforme mycelial accumulation was more rapid and extensive on reproductive than on vegetative plant tissue. Fusarium moniliforme conidia inoculated on immature kernels formed a dense mycelial mat, whereas F. moniliforme conidia inoculated on mature kernels developed sparse hyphae, unless the kernels had been wounded. Thus, the type, maturity, and physical condition of maize plant tissues are factors responsible for in vitro differences in mycelial proliferation.Key words: conidia, mycotoxins, plant pathogen, reproductive tissue, vegetative tissue, Zea mays.

Silicon and cadmium interaction of maize (Zea mays L.) plants cultivated in vitro

Biologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuzana Lukacova ◽  
Denis Liska ◽  
Boris Bokor ◽  
Renata Svubova ◽  
Alexander Lux
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF A BIO-ASSAY OF ETHER EXTRACTS FROM CORN (ZEA MAYS L.) AS A MEANS OF SCREENING INBREDS FOR RESISTANCE TO ROOT AND STALK ROT

1962 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. J. Whitney ◽  
C. G. Mortimore
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Gibberella Zeae ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Stalk Rot ◽  
Fungus Growth ◽  
Bio Assay

In bio-assay tests ether extracts of the roots and of the stalks of both resistant and susceptible corn inbreds inhibited the growth of Fusarium moniliforme Sheld. and Gibberella zeae (Schw.) Petch, the level of inhibition varying over the season. However, the extracts of the resistant and susceptible inbreds did not differ consistently in their ability to inhibit fungus growth on any given date. Thus, this bio-assay method cannot be used to evaluate inbreds for resistance to root and stalk rot.

scholarly journals Efeito do estresse salino e da prolina exógena em calos de milho

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
TEREZINHA RANGEL CAMARA ◽  
LILIA WILLADINO ◽  
JOSEP MARIA TORNÉ ◽  
ALBERT MANICK ◽  
MARIA ASUNCIÓN SANTOS
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L

O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito de diferentes concentrações de NaCl (0, 68, 137 e 205 mM) sobre o cultivo in vitro de calos de dois genótipos (W64Ao2 e Arizona 8601) de milho (Zea mays L.), em meio de cultura N6, suplementado ou não com a adição de 6,0 mM de prolina. Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação dos quatro níveis de NaCl com os dois níveis de prolina, num fatorial 4x2. Os tratamentos foram mantidos durante 60 dias, com subcultivos a cada 20 dias. A taxa de crescimento dos calos e o conteúdo endógeno de putrescina, espermina, espermidina, prolina e outros aminoácidos livres foram avaliados no final do período experimental. A adição de prolina exógena favoreceu o crescimento dos calos no tratamento-controle e minorou os efeitos deletérios do estresse salino em ambos os genótipos, no nível de sal mais elevado (250mM de NaCl). A taxa de crescimento dos calos de W64Ao2 foi superior àquela dos calos de Arizona 8601, possivelmente por causa, em parte, do maior acúmulo de prolina endógena e da manutenção ativa do metabolismo das poliaminas naqueles calos.

scholarly journals Controle químico de Fusarium moniliforme em sementes de milho: metodologia de avaliação e efeitos sobre a qualidade fisiológica

2003 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 626-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria H. D. Moraes ◽  
José O. M. Menten ◽  
Jouse C. Gravena ◽  
Camila A. Alves
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme

Objetivou-se verificar o efeito da luz sobre o crescimento micelial de Fusarium moniliforme em meio de cultura contendo fungicidas, o melhor regime luminoso e a variável a ser utilizada para detectar o patógeno em sementes tratadas de milho (Zea mays), e o efeito do tratamento sobre a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica das sementes. Os fungicidas avaliados foram fludioxonil + metalaxil-m (três concentrações), difenoconazole, acibenzolar-S-metílico e captan + tiabendazole. Para avaliação do crescimento micelial, os fungicidas foram adicionados em meio de cultura, nas concentrações de 100, 10 e 1 æg/ml. Incubaram-se as placas sob temperatura de 20±2 ºC e três condições de luz: escuro contínuo, luz branca e luz próxima da ultra violeta (12h de luz/12 de escuro). Para verificar o efeito da luz na avaliação das sementes tratadas, utilizou-se o método do papel de filtro com congelamento; a sanidade foi avaliada pelas variáveis incidência e severidade. Duas amostras de sementes tratadas foram submetidas aos testes de sanidade, germinação, emergência em casa de vegetação e frio, para verificar o efeito do tratamento sobre a qualidade sanitária e fisiológica. O teste in vitro indicou que a luz branca diminuiu o efeito dos ingredientes ativos fludioxonil + metalaxil-m (7,5 g + 11,51 g/l e 25 g + 10 g/l) e captan + tiabendazole; no teste de sanidade não se observou esse efeito. A severidade foi mais sensível para discriminar a eficiência dos fungicidas. Os resultados obtidos, avaliando-se as amostras de sementes tratadas, demonstraram que: F. moniliforme não afeta a qualidade fisiológica dessas sementes; o fungicida que ofereceu controle do patógeno na semente, acima de 90%, foi captan + tiabendazole, seguido de fludioxonil + metalaxil-m (97,2 g + 147,86 g/l); Pythium sp. foi controlado por captan + tiabendazole e por fludioxonil + metalaxil-m nas três concentrações.

In vitro Selection and Characterization of Drought Tolerant Somaclones of Tropical Maize (Zea mays L.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-650 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Matheka ◽  
E. Magiri ◽  
A.O. Rasha ◽  
J. Machuka
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Drought Tolerant

Effects of Helminthosporium maydis race T toxin on protoplasts of resistant and susceptible corn (Zea mays)

1975 ◽  
Vol 53 (5) ◽  
pp. 427-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. E. Pelcher ◽  
K. N. Kao ◽  
O. L. Gamborg ◽  
O. C. Yoder ◽  
V. E. Gracen
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Differential Response ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Volume Increase ◽  
Intermediate Response ◽  
Extensive Degradation ◽  
Corn Inbred ◽  
Leaf Protoplasts

Leaf protoplasts from resistant (N, C, and S cytoplasm) and susceptible (T cytoplasm) corn inbred W182B (Zea mays L.) exhibited a differential response after exposure to Helminthosporium maydis race T toxin. The volume of untreated protoplasts increased twofold during the first 24 h after isolation and by 48–72 h, most protoplasts exhibited an extensive network of cytoplasmic strands and the chloroplasts were distributed throughout the cytoplasm by cyclosis. However, susceptible protoplasts exposed to ≥2 μg toxin/ml failed to increase in volume and cytoplasmic streaming was rarely observed. By 72 h there was extensive degradation and collapse of susceptible protoplasts exposed to toxin. Resistant protoplasts exposed to up to 100 μg toxin/ml exhibited a twofold volume increase and were indistinguishable from untreated protoplasts. Susceptible protoplasts exposed to 0.1 μg toxin/ml also appeared unaffected, but at 1.0 μg toxin/ml an intermediate response was observed. The differential response to H. maydis race T toxin of protoplasts from resistant and susceptible corn correlates well with those effects observed in intact plant tissues and may serve to explain further the mode of action of the toxin on susceptible corn cells.

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