A cladistic analysis of the Old World species of Lotus L. (Fabaceae: Loteae)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana M Arambarri
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Comparison Method ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Species Phylogeny ◽  
The World

The diagnostic characters of the genus Lotus L. are a claw with a thickened infolded margin, diadelphous stamens, and a style hardened from the base. This genus contains about 100 species that are distributed throughout the world. To investigate the phylogeny of the Old World species of Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, sections Krokeria, Xantholotus, and Erythrolotus, a cladistic analysis was performed using 31 morphological characters. To test the phylogenetic relationships among species of Lotus-Edentolotus and Dorycnium, Pedrosia, and Tetragonolobus, these taxa were included as part of the ingroup. The polarity of the characters was based on the outgroup comparison method, using Anthyllis as one outgroup and Tripodion as another. The analysis with Anthyllis as outgroup yielded eight equally parsimonious trees (with all characters equally weighted), each with 62 steps, a consistency index of 0.53, and a retention index of 0.75. All trees (including the strict consensus tree from the eight initial trees) showed that genus Lotus, subgenus Edentolotus, and sections Xantholotus and Erythrolotus are polyphyletic, with only section Krokeria appearing as monophyletic. On the other hand, the groups of species Lotus angustissimus, Lotus corniculatus, Lotus creticus, and Lotus peregrinus are monophyletic. Identical results were derived from the data matrix using Tripodion as the outgroup. Results are compared with previous cytogenetic and biochemical evidence.Key words: cladistic analysis, Fabaceae, Loteae, Lotus, Old World species, phylogeny.

scholarly journals Phylogenetic relationships within the Pylochelidae (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguroidea): A cladistic analysis based on morphological characters

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2022 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAFAEL LEMAITRE ◽  
PATSY A. MCLAUGHLIN ◽  
ULF SORHANNUS
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
The Family

Phylogenetic relationships within the “symmetrical” hermit crab family Pylochelidae were analyzed for 41 of the 45 species and subspecies currently considered valid. In the analyses, 78 morphological characters comprised the data matrix and the outgroup consisted of Thalassina anomala, a member of the Thalassinidae, and Munida quadrispina, a member of the Galatheidae. A poorly resolved strict consensus tree was obtained from a heuristic parsimony analysis of unweighted and unordered characters, which showed the family Pylochelidae and the subfamilies Pylochelinae and Pomatochelinae to be monophyletic taxa – the latter two groups had the highest Bremer support values. Additionally, while the subgenus Pylocheles (Pylocheles) was strongly supported, the subgenera Xylocheles, and Bathycheles were not. More fully resolved trees were obtained when using implied weighting, which recognized the monotypic subfamilies Parapylochelinae, Cancellochelinae and Mixtopagurinae. The subfamily Trizochelinae was found to have four distinct clades and several ambiguously placed taxa.

A cladistic analysis and reclassification of the tribe Bembicini (Hymenoptera: Crabronidae: Bembicinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2801 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAVEL G. NEMKOV ◽  
MICHAEL OHL
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Digger Wasp ◽  
Genus Level

A cladistic analysis of the digger wasp tribe Bembicini based on morphological characters is presented. The underlying data matrix comprises 64 terminal taxa (coded on genus-level) and 54 morphological characters. The resulting strict consensus tree was used as the basis for a revised subtribal classification of the Bembicini. Based on a previously published classification, we herewith propose a number of changes. The subtribe Spheciina Nemkov and Ohl, subtrib. nov. (comprising Ammatomus A. Costa 1859, Kohlia Handlirsch 1895, Sphecius Dahlbom 1843, and Tanyoprymnus Cameron 1905) is removed from Handlirschiina Nemkov and Lelej 1996. The subtribe Stictiellina Bohart and Horning 1971, stat. resurr. (composed of Chilostictia Gillaspy 1983, Glenostictia Gillaspy in Gillaspy, Evans, and Lin 1962, Microstictia Gillaspy 1963, Steniolia Say 1837, Stictiella J. Parker 1917, and Xerostictia Gillaspy 1963) is separated from Bembicina Latreille 1802. The subtribe Argogorytina Nemkov and Lelej 1996 (Argogorytes Ashmead 1899, Neogorytes Bohart in Bohart and Menke 1976, Paraphilanthus Vardy 1995) is synonymized with Exeirina Dalla Torre 1897, syn. nov. Finally, the subtribe Trichogorytina Nemkov and Pulawski 2009 (genus Trichogorytes Rohwer 1912 only) is synonymized with Gorytina Lepeletier de Saint Fargeau 1845, syn. nov. An updated identification key to the subtribes of the Bembicini is provided.

Taxonomy and phylogeny of the World species of the genus Ischnopoda Stephens, 1837(Coleoptera, Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1179 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ PA–NIK
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
New Combination ◽  
World Species ◽  
Parsimonious Tree ◽  
New Synonyms ◽  
The World ◽  
Eleven Species

The World species of the genus Ischnopoda, Stephens are revised and the genus is redefined. The genera Amanota Casey and Rechota Sharp are considered as new synonyms of Ischnopoda. The revised Ischnopoda includes thirty-eight species, 13 of which are described as new: Ischnopoda assingi sp. n., I. boliviana sp. n., I. brasiliana sp. n., I. chilensis sp. n., I. depressa sp. n., I. drugmandi sp. n., I. lingshani sp. n., I. nebulosa sp. n., I. pretiosa sp. n., I. pseudobasalis sp. n., I. rugosa sp. n., I. schuelkei sp. n. and I. spissata sp. n. The following new synonymies are proposed (each first name being valid): Ischnopoda basalis (Cameron, 1923) = Amanota bimarginata Pace, 1996, syn. n.; I. capensis (Casey, 1906) = Falagria arachnipes Fauvel, 1907, syn. n. = Amanota densicollis Pace, 1986, syn. n. = A. rufobrunnea Tottenham, 1957, syn. n.; Ischnopoda rudicollis (Bernhauer, 1934) = Amanota purpurascens Tottenham, 1957, syn. n. = A. wittei Cameron, 1950, syn. n. The following synonym is confirmed: I. leucopus (Marsham, 1802) = Tachyusa chalybea Erichson, 1839. Lectotypes are designated for Amanota capensis Casey, A. semiopaca Cameron, Ischnopoda subaenea Eppelsheim, Rechota impressa Sharp, Staphylinus leucopus Marsham, Tachyusa abyssina Bernhauer, T. burgeoni Bernhauer, T. chalybea Erichson, T. fissicollis Fairmaire et Germain, T. rudicollis Bernhauer, T. scitula Erichson, T. seticornis Sharp, T. sparsa Sharp and T. umbratica Erichson. Twenty-one species are given in new combination. All species are briefly described/redescribed and illustrated. An identification key to the World species of Ischnopoda is provided. A phylogeny of thirty-eight species belonging to the genus Ischnopoda is proposed, based on fifty-two morphological characters. The cladistic analysis provides a single most parsimonious tree. The genus Ischnopoda is redefined and species group are introduced and defined: leucopus group (eleven species), impressa group (nine species) and capensis group (eighteen species).

scholarly journals An appraisal of the phylogenetic relationships of Hypoptopomatini cascudinhos with description of two new genera and three new species (Siluriformes: Loricariidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Laura S. Delapieve ◽  
Pablo Lehmann A ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Taxa ◽  
Retention Index ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
New Genera ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Three New Species

ABSTRACT The discovery of three new taxa of Hypoptotopomatini with ambiguous generic assignment prompted a reanalysis of the phylogenetic relationships of the tribe. The analysis focused on a data matrix of 56 terminals and 107 morphological characters comprising the three new taxa, most species of Hypoptopoma and Otocinclus, and all other species of the tribe. The 162 maximally parsimonious trees of 382 steps, consistency index of 0.41, and retention index of 0.83 were then summarized in a strict consensus tree. The results confirm the monophyly of the Hypoptopomatini, recover four genera as monophyletic (Acestridium, Hypoptopoma, Niobichthys, and Otocinclus), revealed Hypoptopoma and Oxyropsis to be non-monophyletic; and revealed two new genera within Hypoptopomatini. Additionally, Otocinclus was found to be sister to a group with all remaining genera of the tribe; Acestridium and Niobichthys were found to be sister to each other and that clade sister to a group formed by ((Leptotocinclus + Hypoptopoma [part]) + (Nannoxyropsis (Oxyropsis + Hypoptopoma [part]))). Based on this framework, changes to the classification and the taxonomy of the Hypoptopomatini are suggested and the new taxa are described.

A revision of Leydigia Kurz, 1875 (Anomopoda, Cladocera, Branchiopoda), and subgeneric differentiation within the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2082 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEXEY A. KOTOV
Keyword(s):  
Majority Rule ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Bootstrap Simulation ◽  
Group A ◽  
Exact Identification

A revision of the genus Leydigia Kurz, 1875 (Anomopoda, Cladocera, Branchiopoda) is presented. The list of all species-group nominal taxa consists of 34 published and 3 unpublished names. Of these, 12 species are accepted as valid: (1) Leydigia (Leydigia) leydigi (Schödler, 1863); (2) L. (L.) louisi Jenkin, 1934 with two subspecies L. louisi louisi Jenkin, 1934 and L. louisi mexicana Kotov, Elías-Gutiérrez et Nieto, 2003; (3) Leydigia (Neoleydigia) propinqua Sars, 1903; (4) L. (N.) australis Sars, 1885; (5) L. (N.) microps Sars, 1916; (6) L. (N.) sp. nov. from 'L. acanthocercoides' in Alonso, 1996; (7) L. (N.). macrodonta Sars, 1916; (8) L. (N.) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854); (9) L. (N.). laevis Gurney, 1927; (10) L. (N.) cf. ipojucae Brehm, 1939; (11) L. (N.) ciliata Gauthier, 1939; (12) L. (N.) cf. striata Birabén, 1939. Lectotypes are selected for 3, 5, 7, and 9. Exact identification of 10 and 12 is not possible without examination of material from type localities and neotype selection. As confirmed by examination of authors' type material, some taxa (Leydigia africana Gurney, 1904 and Leydigia ankammaraoi Prasad, Santa Kumari et Bose, 1985) prove to be junior synonyms of previously described species; species 8-12 form a compact acanthocercoides-group, with fine differences among members. A cladistic analysis for 13 studied taxa and 18 morphological characters resulted in four most-parsimonious trees (TL = 32; CI = 0.78), which differ only in the grouping of members of the L. acanthocercoides-group. A slightly polytomic strict consensus tree (the 50% majority rule bootstrap simulation led to a tree of similar topology to the contree), as well as some 'orthodox' ideas on the evolution of the genus (not contradicting each other), are used to subdivide the genus into two subgenera, Leydigia (Leydigia) Kurz, 1875 and Leydigia (Neoleydigia) subgen. nov. L. (N.) acanthocercoides is the type species of the latter. A key for the identification of well-known species of Leydigia is provided. The level of description of representatives of the genus Leydigia in different continents is estimated, and perspectives for further investigations are outlined.

scholarly journals A phylogenetic analysis of the Gruiformes (Aves) based on morphological characters, with an emphasis on the rails (Rallidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 353 (1378) ◽  
pp. 2077-2151 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. C. Livezey
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Sister Relationship ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Basal Group ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Porphyrio Porphyrio

The order Gruiformes, for which even familial composition remains controversial, is perhaps the least well understood avian order from a phylogenetic perspective. The history of the systematics of the order is presented, and the ecological and biogeographic characteristics of its members are summarized. Using cladistic techniques, phylogenetic relationships among fossil and modern genera of the Gruiformes were estimated based on 381 primarily osteological characters; relationships among modern species of Grues (Psophiidae, Aramidae, Gruidae, Heliornithidae and Rallidae) were assessed based on these characters augmented by 189 characters of the definitive integument. A strict consensus tree for 20,000 shortest trees compiled for the matrix of gruiform genera (length = 967, CI = 0.517) revealed a number of nodes common to the solution set, many of which were robust to bootstrapping and had substantial support (Bremer) indices. Robust nodes included those supporting: a sister relationship between the Pedionomidae and Turnicidae; monophyly of the Gruiformes exclusive of the Pedionomidae and Turnicidae; a sister relationship between the Cariamidae and Phorusrhacoidea; a sister relationship between a clade comprising Eurypyga and Messelornis and one comprising Rhynochetos and Aptornis ; monophyly of the Grues (Psophiidae, Aramidae, Gruidae, Heliornithidae and Rallidae); monophyly of a clade (Gruoidea) comprising (in order of increasingly close relationship) Psophia , Aramus , Balearica and other Gruidae, with monophyly of each member in this series confirmed; a sister relationship between the Heliornithidae and Rallidae; and monophyly of the Rallidae exclusive of Himantornis . Autapomorphic divergence was comparatively high for Pedionomus , Eurypyga , Psophia , Himantornis and Fulica ; extreme autapomorphy, much of which is unique for the order, characterized the extinct, flightless Aptornis . In the species–level analysis of modern Grues, special efforts were made to limit the analytical impacts of homoplasy related to flightlessness in a number of rallid lineages. A strict consensus tree of 20,000 shortest trees compiled (length = 1232, CI = 0.463) confirmed the interfamilial relationships resolved in the ordinal analysis and established a number of other, variably supported groups within the Rallidae. Groupings within the Rallidae included: monophyly of Rallidae exclusive of Himantornis and a clade comprising Porphyrio (including Notornis ) and Porphyrula ; a poorly resolved, basal group of genera including Gymnocrex , Habroptila , Eulabeornis , Aramides , Canirallus and Mentocrex ; an intermediate grade comprising Anurolimnas , Amaurolimnas , and Rougetius ; monophyly of two major subdivisions of remaining rallids, one comprising Rallina (paraphyletic), Rallicula , and Sarothrura , and the other comprising the apparently paraphyletic ‘long–billed’ rails (e.g. Pardirallus , Cyanolimnas , Rallus , Gallirallus and Cabalus and a variably resolved clade comprising ‘crakes’ (e.g. Atlantisia , Laterallus and Porzana , waterhens ( Amaurornis ), moorhens ( Gallinula and allied genera) and coots ( Fulica ). Relationships among ‘crakes’ remain poorly resolved; Laterallus may be paraphyletic, and Porzana is evidently polyphyletic and poses substantial challenges for reconciliation with current taxonomy. Relationships among the species of waterhens, moorhens and coots, however, were comparatively well resolved, and exhaustive, fine–scale analyses of several genera ( Grus , Porphyrio , Aramides , Rallus , Laterallus and Fulica ) and species complexes ( Porphyrio porphyrio –group, Gallirallus philippensis –group and Fulica americana –group) revealed additional topological likelihoods. Many nodes shared by a majority of the shortest trees under equal weighting were common to all shortest trees found following one or two iterations of successive weighting of characters. Provisional placements of selected subfossil rallids (e.g. Diaphorapteryx , Aphanapteryx and Capellirallus ) were based on separate heuristic searches using the strict consensus tree for modern rallids as a backbone constraint. These analyses were considered with respect to assessments of robustness, homoplasy related to flightlessness, challenges and importance of fossils in cladistic analysis, previously published studies and biogeography, and an annotated phylogenetic classification of the Gruiformes is proposed.

A revision of the World species of the genus Tachyusa Erichson, 1837 (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1146 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
GRZEGORZ PA–NIK
Keyword(s):  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
World Species ◽  
The World

The World species of the genus Tachyusa, Erichson are revised and the genus is redefined. Tachyusilla and Tachyusota are placed in synonymy with Tachyusa. The revised Tachyusa includes 53 species, 16 of which are described as new: T. americanoides sp. n., T. bertiae sp. n., T. coarctatoides sp. n., T. hammondi sp. n., T. harbinica sp. n., T. krugeri sp. n., T. loebli sp. n., T. mindoroensis sp. n., T. nilensis sp. n., T. pseudosulciventris sp. n., T. riftensis sp. n., T. schawalleri sp. n., T. schillhammeri sp. n., T. smetanai sp. n., T. testacea sp. n. and T. turcica sp. n. The following new synonymies are proposed (each first name being valid): Tachyusa nitella Fauvel, 1895 = Tachyusa jonica Scheerpeltz, 1958, syn. nov., T. arida Casey, 1906 = T. ohioana Casey, 1911, syn. n.; T. elegans Cameron, 1939 = T. singalorum Pace, 1987, syn. n.; T. nitidula Mulsant & Rey, 1875 = T. iberica Fagel, 1957, syn. n.; T. obsoleta Casey, 1906 = T. pruinosa Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. dakotana Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. subaluatacea Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. parviceps Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. missouriana Casey, 1906, syn. n., = T. illini Casey, 1906, syn. n.; T. orientis Bernhauer, 1938 = T. reitteri Bernhauer, 1938, syn. n., = T. chinensis Pace, 1990, syn. n.; T. wei Pace, 1990 = T. hebeiensis Pace, 1998, syn. n. The following synonymies are confirmed: T. americana Casey, 1906 = T. meraca Casey, 1911, = T. silvatica Casey, 1911; T. balteata Erichson, 1839 = T. balteata elongata Kolenati, 1846; T. cavicollis LeConte, 1863 = T. carolinae Casey, 1906; T. coarctata Erichson, 1837 = T. coarctata cyanea Kraatz, 1856; T. faceta Casey, 1885 = T. vespertina Casey, 1906, = T. vaciva Casey, 1911; T. ferialis Erichson, 1839 = T. bicolor Mulsant & Rey, 1875; T. gracillima LeConte, 1863 = T. smithi Casey, 1906, = T. virginica Casey, 1911; T. nitidula Mulsant & Rey, 1875 = T. ventralis Fauvel, 1898; T. schuberti Jacobson, 1909 = T. bicolor Schubert, 1906, nom. preoc. A neotype is designated for Tachyusa nitella Fauvel, 1895. Both Tachyusa impressa Eppelsheim, 1877 and T. flavolimbata Eppelsheim, 1877, previously considered junior synonyms of T. agilis Baudi, 1869, and T. concinna Heer, 1838, previously considered a junior synonym of T. coarctata Erichson, 1937, are recognised as valid. All species are briefly described/redescribed and illustrated. An identification key to the World species of Tachyusa is provided. A phylogeny of fifty-three species belonging to the genus Tachyusa is proposed, based on fifty-six morphological characters. Cladistic analysis revealed the monophyly of the genus with two major clades.

Phylogeny of the family Spongicolidae (Crustacea: Stenopodidea): evolutionary trend from shallow-water free-living to deep-water sponge-associated habitat

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomomi Saito ◽  
Masatsune Takeda
Keyword(s):  
Deep Water ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Evolutionary Trend ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Free Living ◽  
The Family ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Hexactinellid Sponges

The phylogenetic relationships within the family Spongicolidae were examined based on a cladistic analysis of 38 adult morphological characters with reference to two outgroup species of the family Stenopodidae. The strict consensus tree identified Microprosthema as the most basal genus, followed by Paraspongicola, Spongicola and the remaining genera. The Spongicoloides represents the most derived genus among spongicolids. The genera Spongicola, Spongicoloides and Spongiocaris should be redefined, because they formed paraphyletic clades. The cladogram indicates that symbiosis with the hexactinellid sponges is coincident with the loss of gills, exopods on maxillipeds 2 and 3, and with the loss of spination on carapace, pereopods, abdomen, tail fan etc. These losses in the spongicolids are thought to be secondarily derived in relation to their sponge-associated habitat.

scholarly journals A combined molecular and morphological phylogeny of the Loricariinae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae), with emphasis on the Harttiini and Farlowellini

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. e0247747
Author(s):  
Alejandro Londoño-Burbano ◽  
Roberto E. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Data Matrix ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Maximum Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Parsimony Analysis ◽  
Consensus Tree ◽  
Strict Consensus Tree ◽  
Tissue Samples

We present a combined molecular and morphological phylogenetic analysis of the Loricariinae, with emphasis on the Harttiini (Cteniloricaria, Harttia, and Harttiella) and Farlowellini (Aposturisoma, Farlowella, Lamontichthys, Pterosturisoma, Sturisoma, and Sturisomatichthys). Character sampling comprised seven molecular markers (the mitochondrial Cytb, nd2, 12S and 16S, and the nuclear MyH6, RAG1 and RAG2) and 196 morphological characters. A total of 1,059 specimens, and 159 tissue samples were analized, representing 100 species. A Bayesian Inference analysis was performed using the concatenated data matrix, which is comprised of 6,819 characters. The Loricariinae were found to comprise the tribes (Hartiini (Loricariini, Farlowellini)), the latter two elevated from subtribes. A Maximum Parsimony analysis was also performed using the same data matrix in order to reveal phenotypical synapomorphies to diagnose each clade. Two MP trees were found with a length of 14,704 steps, consistency index of 0.29 and retention index of 0.61, which were summarized in a strict consensus tree. Harttiini includes (Harttiella (Cteniloricaria, Harttia), and Farlowellini includes (Lamontichthys (Pterosturisoma (Sturisoma (Sturisomatichthys, Farlowella)))). Aposturisoma was recovered nested within Farlowella and is synonymyzed to the latter. Sturisoma was corroborated as strictly cis-Andean, while Sturisomatichthys encompasses, besides the valid species already included in the genus, the trans-Andean species once belonging to Sturisoma sensu lato. Identification keys and phylogenetic diagnoses of family-group taxa and genera of both the Harttiini and the Farlowellini are provided.

Review of Testudobracon Quicke (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) with descriptions of four new species from south India

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4232 (3) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. SHEEBA ◽  
A.P. RANJITH ◽  
T.C. NARENDRAN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South India ◽  
Check List ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
The World

The Braconinae is a generically diverse subfamily of Braconidae. The Old World genus Testudobracon Quicke is reviewed and four new species viz., T. athashi Ranjith sp. nov., T. malabaricus Sheeba sp. nov., T. shameeri Ranjith sp. nov. and T. travencorensis Sheeba sp. nov., are described from south India. A check list and key to the world species are provided. 

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