Mercury concentrations in multiple tissues of Arctic Iceland Gulls (Larus glaucoides) wintering in Newfoundland

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander L. Bond ◽  
Gregory J. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Human Habitation ◽  
Mercury In Blood ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

Anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions are increasing and are potentially of concern for Arctic-nesting seabirds, particularly those that spend part of their year near dense human habitation. Iceland Gulls (Larus glaucoides B. Meyer, 1822) breed in the eastern Canadian Arctic and spend the majority of winter in towns and cities in eastern Newfoundland. We measured Hg in breast feathers, blood plasma, and red blood cells of Iceland Gulls wintering in and around St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, from 2011 to 2014. Mercury in blood plasma comprised <10% of the total blood Hg. We found no difference in red blood cell Hg between first-winter and adult birds, which likely reflects their similar feeding habits. Feather Hg in adults was significantly greater than that in first-winter birds because adults had accumulated a greater body Hg burden to excrete (up to a year, compared with a few months' accumulation in first-winter birds). Overall, concentrations were among the lowest found for Larus spp. and Arctic gulls, suggesting that Hg does not pose a risk to Iceland Gulls at the present.

The Calving Events of Petermann Glacier From 2008 to 2012: Ice Island Drift Characteristics, Assessment of Fracture Events, and Geographical Data Analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Zeinali Torbati ◽  
Ian D. Turnbull ◽  
Rocky S. Taylor ◽  
Derek Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Newfoundland And Labrador ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Baffin Bay ◽  
Arctic Shipping ◽  
Oil And Gas Operations ◽  
Break Up ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

Abstract The eastern Canadian Arctic is an ice-prone environment that is a vital part of Canadian Arctic shipping lanes. A better understanding of the ice environment and ice characteristics in this region is essential for supporting safe and economical marine activities. This study presents a first analysis of the drift of ice islands that originated from the Petermann Glacier calving events in northwest Greenland between 2008 and 2012. These massive calving events generated numerous smaller ice islands and icebergs through subsequent deterioration and break-up events. Surviving ice features drifted further southward into the Baffin Bay and reached as far as offshore Newfoundland (∼47 °N) for the case of the 2010 calving event. The drift characteristics of Petermann ice islands are evaluated through the analysis of the recently developed Canadian Ice Island Drift, Deterioration and Detection (CI2D3) database. The average drift distance, speed, and directions of the ice islands that resulted from the 2008, 2010, and 2012 calving events were estimated using successive observations of the monitored ice islands in the CI2D3 database. This study also includes an assessment of fracture events, including the total number of ice island break-up events following each massive calving event and the average number of daughter ice islands resulting from each break-up event. A geographical analysis of the data was also performed to present the location of the fracture events, as well as the time series of latitude change of Petermann ice islands from their origin (northwest Greenland ice tongues) to where until they became too small (&lt; 0.25 km2) to be delineated in the CI2D3 database. This information is of particular interest to marine activities in the eastern Canadian Arctic, and oil and gas operations offshore Newfoundland and Labrador.

scholarly journals The integument and moult cycle of Tegenaria atrica (Araneae)

1942 ◽  
Vol 131 (862) ◽  
pp. 65-86 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Alimentary Canal ◽  
Moult Cycle ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Large Vacuole ◽  
Relative Hardness ◽  
Moulting Hormone

The integument of Tegenaria atrica consists of two chitinous layers, an outer exocuticula and an inner endocuticula. The former is impregnated with protein and pigment and may be birefringent. Its thickness and development of birefringence is related to the hardness of each region. The exocuticula is formed before, and the endocuticula after, the moult. The hypodermis appears to secrete the chitin of both layers. The substances impregnating the exocuticula are probably brought to it by granular blood cells. These granulocytes remain in the hypodermis after the moult. The granulocytes responsible for the exocuticular secretion at the last moult migrate on to the old integument as this separates from the hypodermis at the next one. An ecdysial fluid is present and is absorbed by the time of the actual moult but very little digestion of the old integument occurs. The chromatin of the hypodermal nuclei increases in amount up to the beginning of the secretion of the new integument. It then sharply decreases until after the moult, when the cycle is resumed. There are three types of blood cell—granulocytes, leucocytes, and leberidocytes. The latter have a single large vacuole and are formed from the leucocytes. They only appear in relation to the moult, forming 65 % of the total blood cells immediately after it. The digestive diverticula secrete a fluid which fills most of the alimentary canal at the time of the moult. The above results are discussed. There is evidence that the relative hardness of the exocuticula is due to both impregnation with proteins and phenols and to changes of molecular structure. It is suggested that the leberidocytes absorb water from the food, via the plasma, to increase the blood pressure for moulting and subsequent enlargement of the animal. The filling of the alimentary canal with fluid is associated with this. The possible origin of a moulting hormone is considered.

Blood Circulating Exosomes Contain Distinguishable Fractions of Free and Cell-Surface-Associated Vesicles

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Tamkovich ◽  
Oleg Tutanov ◽  
Anastasia Efimenko ◽  
Alina Grigor'eva ◽  
Elena Ryabchikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

Background: Considering exosomes as intercellular transporters, inevitably interacting with the plasma membrane and the large available surface of blood cells, we wonder if a fraction of circulating exosomes is associated with the surface of blood cells. Objective: The aim of this study was to develop an efficient protocol for isolating exosomes associated with the surface of blood cells and to further investigate the characteristics of this fraction in a healthy state and during the development of breast cancer, as well as its possible implication for use in diagnostic applications. Methods: Blood samples were collected from Healthy Females (HFs) and breast cancer patients (BCPs). Exosomes extracted from blood plasma and eluted from the surface of blood cells were isolated by ultrafiltration with subsequent ultracentrifugation. Results: Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), along with immunogold labeling, demonstrated the presence of exosomes among membrane-wrapped extracellular vesicles (EVs) isolated from both plasma and blood cell eluates. TEM, nanoparticle tracking analysis, and NanoOrange protein quantitation data showed that cell-associated exosomes constituted no less than 2/3 of total blood exosome number. Exosomes, ranging from 50–70 nm in size, prevailed in the blood of breast cancer patients, whereas smaller exosomes (30–50 nm) were mostly observed in the blood of healthy women. Analysis of specific proteins and RNAs in exosomes circulating in blood demonstrated the significant differences in the packing density of the polymers in exosomes of HFs and BCPs. Preliminary data indicated that detection of cancer-specific miRNA (miR-103, miR-191, miR-195) in exosomes associated with the fraction of red blood cells allowed to discriminate HFs and BCPs more precisely compared to cell-free exosomes circulating in plasma. Conclusion: Our data provide the basis for using blood cell-associated exosomes for diagnostic applications.

A Contribution to an Exact Interpretation of Results Obtained by Repeated Quantitative Analyses of the Blood Plasma and Serum

1967 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 76-79
Author(s):  
P. Mach ◽  
J. Dressler
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Plasma Volume ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Valuable Data ◽  
Cell Plasma ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
Different Levels

Repeated quantitative analyses of the blood plasma yield valuable data allowing us to form a clearer idea of the metabolic processes involved in various body states of the mammalian organism. Quantitative analyses of the plasma have hitherto usually paid little attention to the influence of the total blood fluid amount as well as to the blood cell : plasma volume ratio which affects the absolute amount of the substance under study. The present paper describes 4 different levels of evaluating quantitative analyses of the blood plasma.

Food and Feeding Habits of Brünnich's Murre (Uria lomvia lomvia) on Akpatok Island

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 781-792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie M. Tuck ◽  
H. J. Squires
Keyword(s):  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Canadian Arctic ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
First Record ◽  
Uria Lomvia ◽  
Restricted Area ◽  
Food And Feeding ◽  
Eastern Canadian Arctic

A study of the food and feeding habits of Brünnich's murre (Uria lomvia lomvia) on Akpatok Island, Ungava Bay, was made during the period August 9–28, 1954. The adults often dropped the food they were bringing to the young. This was collected in a restricted area, daily Some young were fed experimentally with this food which showed that 13.4 grams were required to build a gain in weight of 1 gram.Examination of the stomach contents of 34 adults showed a predominance of crustaceans but the presence of otoliths and vertebrae suggest that fish are a large part of the diet of the adult as well. Twenty species of fish and 12 of invertebrates are identified and discussed with relation to their occurrence in the area and proportion in the food of the young murre.A first record for the Eastern Canadian Arctic, Onchidiopsis glacialis (M. Sars), is recorded.

Blood Cell Parameters and Predicting Coronary In-Stent Restenosis

Angiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 711-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Wang ◽  
Chi Liu ◽  
Hong Fang
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Platelet Activation ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Cell Parameters ◽  
Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Stent Restenosis ◽  
In Stent Restenosis

Major advances in coronary interventional techniques and pharmacotherapy as well as the use of drug-eluting stents (DESs) have considerably reduced the risk of in-stent restenosis (ISR). However, ISR remains a major clinical challenge. Inflammation and platelet activation are important processes that underlie the pathophysiology of ISR. Parameters related to blood cells, entailing both cell count and morphology, are useful markers of the inflammatory response and platelet activation in clinical practice. Recent studies have highlighted several new combined or derived parameters related to blood cells that independently predict ISR after DES implantation. The neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, an inflammatory marker, is regarded as a predictor of the risk of ISR and the stability of atherosclerotic plaques. The mean platelet volume, a widely used platelet activation parameter, has been shown to be a predictor of the risk of ISR and the efficacy of antiplatelet therapy. Other markers considered include the platelet/lymphocyte ratio, red blood cell distribution width, and platelet distribution width. This review provides an overview of these parameters that may help stratify the risk of coronary angiographic and clinical outcomes related to ISR.

Real-time Red Blood Cell Counting and Osmolarity Analysis using a Photoacoustic-based Microfluidic System

Lab on a Chip ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxiu Zhao ◽  
Haibo Yu ◽  
Yangdong Wen ◽  
Hao Luo ◽  
Boliang Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Red Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Diagnostic Procedure ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Cell Counting ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
System P ◽  
Blood Cell Counting

Counting the number of red blood cells (RBCs) in blood samples is a common clinical diagnostic procedure, but conventional methods are unable to provide the size and other physical properties...

scholarly journals White Blood Cells and Severe COVID-19: A Mendelian Randomization Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Yitang Sun ◽  
Jingqi Zhou ◽  
Kaixiong Ye
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell Count ◽  
White Blood Cell ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Mendelian Randomization ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Blood Cell Count

Increasing evidence shows that white blood cells are associated with the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but the direction and causality of this association are not clear. To evaluate the causal associations between various white blood cell traits and the COVID-19 susceptibility and severity, we conducted two-sample bidirectional Mendelian Randomization (MR) analyses with summary statistics from the largest and most recent genome-wide association studies. Our MR results indicated causal protective effects of higher basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count on severe COVID-19, with odds ratios (OR) per standard deviation increment of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.60–0.95), 0.70 (95% CI: 0.54–0.92), and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.73–0.98), respectively. Neither COVID-19 severity nor susceptibility was associated with white blood cell traits in our reverse MR results. Genetically predicted high basophil count, basophil percentage of white blood cells, and myeloid white blood cell count are associated with a lower risk of developing severe COVID-19. Individuals with a lower genetic capacity for basophils are likely at risk, while enhancing the production of basophils may be an effective therapeutic strategy.

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