Trace element availability to plants in agricultural soils, with special emphasis on fertilizer inputs

1994 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bal Ram Singh
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
Short And Long Term

Fertilizers, along with atmospheric deposition, are believed to contribute more than all other factors to the trace element burden of cultivated soils. This review will discuss trace elements in commercial fertilizer in relation to their transfer to soil–plant systems. Also, background levels in soils and the concentrations of trace elements in soils, phosphate rocks, and commercial fertilizers will be presented. Results from several short and long-term experiments indicated that the application of phosphate fertilizers to agricultural soils generally resulted in an increase of trace elements in soils and that the increase was most pronounced for Cd. The corresponding increase in plants was quite variable, ranging from no increase at all to a significant increase. The concentration of trace elements in plant species also showed a wide variation. The distribution and partitioning of trace elements among chemical associations in soils varied considerably for different elements. The highest percentage of Cd in soils, as estimated by sequential extraction, was associated with exchangeable fractions (25–41%), but the highest fraction of Zn (47%) was associated with resistant minerals. Uptake of trace elements by plants and solubility and mobility of these elements in the soil were affected to a greater extent by the plant species grown and soil pH, organic matter, and soil texture. Soil pH showed a significant but inverse relationship with the concentrations of most of the trace elements in plants. The addition of organic matter generally immobilized the trace elements in soils and caused reduction in plant uptake of most elements. A considerable proportion (up to 50%) of the total uptake of trace elements, and especially of Cd, was a result of atmospheric deposition. Ecological implications of contaminants in fertilizers and the resultant need for research are described.Key words: accumulation in soils, fertilizers, plant availability, soil properties, trace elements.

scholarly journals Impact of Long-Term Reclaimed Water Irrigation on Trace Elements Contents in Agricultural Soils in Beijing, China

Water ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaqi Hu ◽  
Wenyong Wu ◽  
Di Xu ◽  
Honglu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Ecological Risk ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Potential Ecological Risk ◽  
Beijing China ◽  
Reclaimed Water Irrigation

The rapid increase of reclaimed water irrigation on agricultural soils requires investigation of its impact on soil health. In this study, a simulation experiment for various lengths of long-term reclaimed water irrigation time (98, 196 and 236 years, respectively) was conducted in the southeast suburb of Beijing, China. Unirrigated soil served as the control. The environmental behavior of seven trace elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn) at different soil depths in 0–600 cm profiles was analyzed. Results showed that the 0–30 and 200–300 cm soil layers were more likely to accumulate trace elements under long-term reclaimed water irrigation, although the accumulation in the 0–600 cm profiles was not particularly obvious. Correlation analysis showed that the trace element concentrations and distribution were significantly related to clay fraction and organic matters (OM), whereas they were not related to redox potential (Eh). The potential ecological risk assessment showed that the long-term reclaimed water irrigation did not result in a significantly increased ecological risk. However, Cd and Hg were identified as the metals with the highest potential ecological risk in the study area and the trace element contents in the top 0–30 cm soil layer should be carefully monitored. Future studies are required to clarify the environmental risks of trace elements under long-term reclaimed water irrigation as they might slowly accumulate in soil with time.

Effects of Continuous Fertilizer Use on a Ferruginous Soil (Haplustalf) In Nigeria

1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Singh ◽  
V. Balasubramanian
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
Exchangeable Ca

SUMMARYIn a long-term fertility study it was observed that judicious use of chemical fertilizers maintained the levels of soil pH, total N, organic C, CEC and exchangeable Ca. Highest accumulation of exchangeable Ca and Mg was found in the 40–60 cm layer. Absence of Mg and K from the fertilizer schedule resulted in a decrease in the amounts of those elements in the soil. Profile CEC and exchangeable Ca were not affected much by the application of K or trace elements. Compared with adjacent grass fallow or virgin bush land, only the values of C/N ratio, CEC and exchangeable Mg decreased on cultivation. All the crops responded well to fertility levels but not to K; trace element response was confined to cotton and groundnut.

scholarly journals Potential of the Biomass of Plants Grown in Trace Element-Contaminated Soils under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions for Bioenergy Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1750
Author(s):  
María Pilar Bernal ◽  
Donatella Grippi ◽  
Rafael Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Bioenergy Crops ◽  
Bioenergy Production ◽  
Digestion Methods

Phytomanagement of trace element-contaminated soils combines sustainable soil remediation with the use of plant biomass for different applications. Consequently, phytostabilization using plant species useful for bioenergy production has recently received increasing attention. However, the water requirement of most of these species is a limitation for their use under Mediterranean climatic conditions. In this work, eight plant species growing naturally in mine soils contaminated by trace elements were evaluated for their use as bioenergy crops using thermochemical (combustion) and biochemical (anaerobic digestion) methods. The higher heating values of the biomass of the plants studied were all within a narrow range (16.03–18.75 MJ kg−1), while their biochemical methane potentials ranged from 86.0 to 227.4 mL CH4 (g VS)−1. The anaerobic degradation was not influenced by the presence of trace elements in the plants, but the mineral content (mainly Na) negatively affected the potential thermal energy released by combustion (HHV). The highest annual energy yields from biogas or combustion could be obtained by the cultivation of Phragmites australis and Arundo donax, followed by Piptatherum miliaceum. Both options can be considered to be suitable final destinations for the biomass obtained in the phytostabilization of trace element-contaminated soils and may contribute to the implementation of these remediation techniques in Mediterranean areas.

Trace Element Concentrations in Commercially Available Solutions

1976 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Hoffmann ◽  
Daniel M. Ashby
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Intravenous Hyperalimentation ◽  
Element Concentrations ◽  
Copper And Zinc ◽  
Long Term Therapy

The use of trace-elements in intravenous hyperalimentation solutions has been recommended for long-term therapy. Very little information is available concerning the presence of these nutrients as contaminants in commercially available solutions. In view of this, the concentrations of copper and zinc were measured in twenty solutions by atomic absorption. The results indicate that the amounts present may be significant in certain solutions.

scholarly journals Dietary Habits and Relationship with the Presence of Main and Trace Elements, Bisphenol A, Tetrabromobisphenol A, and the Lipid, Microbiological and Immunological Profiles of Breast Milk

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4346
Author(s):  
Irma Castro ◽  
Rebeca Arroyo ◽  
Marina Aparicio ◽  
María Ángeles Martínez ◽  
Joaquim Rovira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Immunological Profile ◽  
Early Life Exposure ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Short And Long Term

Breastfeeding is the best way to feed an infant, although it can also be a source of abiotic contaminants such as heavy metals or bisphenol A (BPA). The early life exposure to these compounds can lead to serious toxic effects in both the short and long-term. These substances can reach breast milk through the mother’s habits, diet being one of the main routes of exposure. The aim of the present work was to analyse possible associations between the dietary habits of women and the content of major trace elements, BPA, fatty acids and lipids, and the microbiological and immunological profiles of human milk. Possible associations between major trace elements and BPA and the lipid, microbiological and immunological profiles were also analysed. The results of this study support that the microbiological composition of human milk is associated with the dietary habits of the women, and that the consumption of canned drinks is related to the presence of BPA in human milk. Furthermore, some relationships were found between the amount of major trace elements and the microbiological and immunological profile of the milk samples. Finally, the presence of BPA was associated with changes in the immunological profile of human milk.

scholarly journals Sedimentary Transport Influences on Diagenetic Processes at the Amazon Continental Shelf, Brazil

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Fabio Aprile ◽  
Gilmar W. Siqueira ◽  
Assad Darwich ◽  
Georg Irion
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Continental Shelf ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Pore Water ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Iron Reduction ◽  
Net Production ◽  
Diagenetic Processes ◽  
Physical Chemical

This research aimed to correlate the sedimentary transport with the diagenetic processes in the coastal zone and Amazon Continental Shelf (ACS). Physical and physical-chemical parameters, trace element contents (Cr, Pb, Ni, Zn and Hg), and O2, CO2 and iron flux were determined in sediment and pore water. Sedimentary incubation (96 hours) and algorithms were applied to determine the variation of the activity coefficient (ΔI) and ionic strength (Fi) of the predominant chemical species, and to estimate the net production and mineralization of the organic matter (ΔCO2T) in the system. There are not many studies applying incubation tests to identify the diagenetic processes, especially in fluvial-marines sediments. The results showed a strong zonation associated to the transport and deposition processes, influenced mainly by the grain-size and texture of sediment and fluvial streams. The distribution of trace elements followed the trend of the sedimentary pattern, with higher levels of metals in the deposits of clay minerals and organic matter. A factor of weight (Fw), calculated to establish the degree of importance of each parameter under the distribution and mobility of trace elements, suggests that the mobility of Cr, Ni and Zn is controlled by depth, clay and organic compounds contents, and concentration of dissolved oxygen. The vertical flow of O2 and CO2 and the Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio in the pore water suggest a predominance of organic matter oxidation in the sedimentary layer between 0.0 and 0.2 m, with partially anaerobic mineralization of the sediments below 0.4 m. Increases in trace element concentrations were observed in iron reduction zones, indicating processes of desorption of oxides and hydroxides of Fe and mineralization of organic matter. The extrapolation of the results of the incubation test to the studied system allowed to establish three hypotheses related to the diagenetic processes: 1) the flow of marine currents may be allowing the aerobic oxidation in the sandy sediments, with the nitrification route more accentuated than the ammonification route; 2) in the region of the coastal zone and inner continental shelf the routes of oxidation and reduction may be alternating according to the physical-chemical factors and seasonality; 3) in the coastal zone and inner shelf the net mineralization rate exceeded the net production rate of the organic matter (ΔCO2T >0).

scholarly journals Fluvial sedimentary deposits as carbon sinks: organic carbon pools and stabilization mechanisms across a Mediterranean catchment

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 1035-1051 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Martínez-Mena ◽  
María Almagro ◽  
Noelia García-Franco ◽  
Joris de Vente ◽  
Eloisa García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Forest Soils ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Basal Respiration ◽  
Carbon Sinks ◽  
Sediment Sources ◽  
Catchment Scale ◽  
Upland Soils

Abstract. The role of fluvial sedimentary areas as organic carbon sinks remains largely unquantified. Little is known about mechanisms of organic carbon (OC) stabilization in alluvial sediments in semiarid and subhumid catchments where those mechanisms are quite complex because sediments are often redistributed and exposed to a range of environmental conditions in intermittent and perennial fluvial courses within the same catchment. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the contribution of transport and depositional areas as sources or sinks of CO2 at the catchment scale. We used physical and chemical organic matter fractionation techniques and basal respiration rates in samples representative of the three phases of the erosion process within the catchment: (i) detachment, representing the main sediment sources from forests and agricultural upland soils, as well as fluvial lateral banks; (ii) transport, representing suspended load and bedload in the main channel; and (iii) depositional areas along the channel, downstream in alluvial wedges, and in the reservoir at the outlet of the catchment, representative of medium- and long-term residence deposits, respectively. Our results show that most of the sediments transported and deposited downstream come from agricultural upland soils and fluvial lateral bank sources, where the physicochemical protection of OC is much lower than that of the forest soils, which are less sensitive to erosion. The protection of OC in forest soils and alluvial wedges (medium-term depositional areas) was mainly driven by physical protection (OC within aggregates), while chemical protection of OC (OC adhesion to soil mineral particles) was observed in the fluvial lateral banks. However, in the remaining sediment sources, in sediments during transport, and after deposition in the reservoir (long-term deposit), both mechanisms are equally relevant. Mineralization of the most labile OC (the intra-aggregate particulate organic matter (Mpom) was predominant during transport. Aggregate formation and OC accumulation, mainly associated with macroaggregates and occluded microaggregates within macroaggregates, were predominant in the upper layer of depositional areas. However, OC was highly protected and stabilized at the deeper layers, mainly in the long-term deposits (reservoir), being even more protected than the OC from the most eroding sources (agricultural soils and fluvial lateral banks). Altogether our results show that both medium- and long-term depositional areas can play an important role in erosive areas within catchments, compensating for OC losses from the eroded sources and functioning as C sinks.

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