scholarly journals Is it ethical to continue to race horses?

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-38
Author(s):  
David Williams
Keyword(s):  
Race Horses

scholarly journals The Physical Activity-Dependent Hematological and Biochemical Changes in School Horses in Comparison to Blood Profiles in Endurance and Race Horses

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1128
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Maśko ◽  
Małgorzata Domino ◽  
Tomasz Jasiński ◽  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Total Serum Protein ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Improve Performance ◽  
Blood Profile ◽  
Hematological And Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Activity Dependent ◽  
Race Horses ◽  
Blood Profiles

Blood testing is one of the most important ways to improve performance, facilitate recovery and monitor the training of endurance and race horses. However, little is known about the physical activity-dependent changes of blood parameters in horses used for pleasure and in riding schools. This study aimed to perform routine blood tests for training monitoring of sport horses in three different horse types of use. Then the values of blood indicators were compared between school, endurance and race horses to find similarities in the physical activity-dependent profile. The study was carried out on 15 endurance, 15 race and 15 school healthy horses who underwent the typical effort for their disciplines. The hemogram parameters, creatine phosphokinase (CPK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood lactate (LAC), and total serum protein (TSP) concentrations were measured using the same protocol and equipment. Measurements of main hematological and biochemical physical activity-dependent parameters were conducted before, immediately after and 30 min after training. In school horses, the physical activity-dependent increase of WBC (40.9%) and CPK (76.4%) was similar to endurance horses, whereas an increase of RBC (19.1%), HGB (18.6%) and HCT (19.4%) were more similar to race horses. The moderate effort-dependent increase of LAC concentration (2775%) was lower than in race horses (7526%) and higher than in endurance horses (390%). Limiting the training or work monitoring assessment of school horses to only the endurance or racing blood profile may result in the omission of significant changes in hematological and biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals The Effect of the Clenbuterol—β2-Adrenergic Receptor Agonist on the Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Proliferation, Phenotype, Functions, and Reactive Oxygen Species Production in Race Horses In Vitro

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz ◽  
Rafał Pingwara ◽  
Jarosław Szczepaniak ◽  
Anna Winnicka
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Anabolic Steroids ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Adrenoceptor Agonist ◽  
Race Horses

Clenbuterol, the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, is gaining growing popularity because of its effects on weight loss (i.e., chemical liposuction). It is also popular in bodybuilding and professional sports, due to its effects that are similar to anabolic steroids. However, it is prohibited by anti-doping control. On the other hand, it is suggested that clenbuterol can inhibit the inflammatory process. The cells from 14 untrained and 14 well-trained race horses were collected after acute exercise and cultured with clenbuterol. The expressions of CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD14, MHCII, and CD5 in PBMC, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as cell proliferation, were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to enhanced anti-inflammatory properties in well-trained horses, as do low doses in untrained animals. In contrast, higher clenbuterol doses create a pro-inflammatory environment in inexperienced horses. In conclusion, β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to a biphasic response. In addition, the immune cells are more sensitive to drug abuse in inexperienced individuals under physical training.

scholarly journals Intra-Articular Treatment of Arthritis in Race-Horses with Sodium Hyaluronate

1976 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-394
Author(s):  
Åke Åsheim ◽  
Gert Lindblad
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Race Horses

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDIES ON DOPING DRUGS FOR RACE HORSES : III. CAFFEINE

1972 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senji FUJII ◽  
Shichio INADA ◽  
Shigeru YOSHIDA ◽  
Chiyoko KUSANAGI ◽  
Kyosuke MIMA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pharmacological Studies ◽  
Race Horses

Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses

1998 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Redbo ◽  
P. Redbo-Torstensson ◽  
F. O. Ödberg ◽  
A. Hedendahl ◽  
J. Holm
Keyword(s):  
External Factors ◽  
Small Field ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Main Study ◽  
Social Contacts ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Stereotyped Behaviours ◽  
Race Horses ◽  
And Training

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to identify relations between stereotyped behaviours (cribbing, weaving and box-walking) and wood-chewing in thoroughbred flat-racing horses (TB) and standardbred trotters and the different management, feeding and training factors to which these horses are exposed. This was obtained by inquiries to all the professional trainers of TB and trottinghorses used for racing in Sweden. The usable response rates were 61% for trotters and 72% for TB representing 4597 trotters from 234 stables and 644 TB from 38 stables. A small field study was carried out to control the validity of the main study which gave results similar to those in the main study. There was a large difference between the two horse categories in the occurrence of behavioural disturbances. The TB had significantly more stereotypies than the trotters (P < 0·001) but there were no differences in the occurrence of wood-chewing. There were several differences in external factors between the horse categories, e.g. trotters had more opportunities for social contacts with other horses, they also had more free time outside the stable and they were trained a shorter time per week than the TB. The TB were given larger amounts of concentrate than the trotters. Wood-chewing within each horse category was explained by the amount of roughage (P < 0·05 in trotters and P < 0·001 in TB) together with other factors. Stereotypies in the TB were explained by: amount of concentrate (positive relation), number of horses per trainer (positive relation) and amount of roughage (negative relation).

Roan horses as race-horses

1934 ◽  
Vol CLXVII (aug11) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
H. S. L.
Keyword(s):  
Race Horses
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