Has the mystery of brown trout deaths been solved?

2018 ◽  
Vol 183 (22) ◽  
pp. 676-677
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Causative Agent

Every year, brown trout die in rivers in central Europe. But now, researchers think they have found the causative agent. Georgina Mills reports

Occurrence of Echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes from the Carpathian regions of Slovakia and Poland

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarína Reiterová ◽  
Ewa Dziemian ◽  
Martina Miterpáková ◽  
Daniela Antolová ◽  
Marta Kołodziej-Sobocińska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Echinococcus Multilocularis ◽  
Vulpes Vulpes ◽  
Worm Burden ◽  
Alveolar Echinococcosis ◽  
Red Foxes ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Faecal Samples

AbstractThe extensive distribution of Echinococcus multilocularis cestode from endemic alpine areas to the parts of Central Europe has been recorded in recent years. The first confirmed finding of E. multilocularis in Slovakia was recorded in 1999 in the area adjacent to the Polish border. At present, this serious zoonosis occurs almost across the whole territory of Slovakia. The occurrence of these tapeworms in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) at the border regions of Slovakia and Poland has been monitored. In these districts, out of 152 faecal samples examined, 36.2% were positive for the coproantigen-ELISA. With the sedimentation and counting technique the prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes was up to 38.8%. The examination of foxes from neighbouring districts revealed worm burden ranging from 1–15,000 specimens, but the majority of animals harboured medium number of tapeworms. In the Small Carpathian and Sub-Carpathian regions of Poland, out of 65 samples examined, 13.8% were coproantigen positive. Using the small intestine scraping method only 6.1% prevalence of E. multilocularis in red foxes was determined, mostly with a high worm burdens over 1,000 specimens. The results suggest possible transborder transmission of E. multilocularis, the causative agent of serious alveolar echinococcosis.

scholarly journals Piscine Orthoreovirus 3 Is Not the Causative Pathogen of Proliferative Darkening Syndrome (PDS) of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta fario)

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Fux ◽  
Daniela Arndt ◽  
Martin Langenmayer ◽  
Julia Schwaiger ◽  
Hermann Ferling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Brown Trout ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Diseased Fish ◽  
Exposure Experiment ◽  
Salmo Trutta Fario

The proliferative darkening syndrome (PDS) is a lethal disease of brown trout (Salmo trutta fario) which occurs in several alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. Because mortality can reach 100%, PDS is a serious threat for affected fish populations. Recently, Kuehn and colleagues reported that a high throughput RNA sequencing approach identified a piscine orthoreovirus (PRV) as a causative agent of PDS. We investigated samples from PDS-affected fish obtained from two exposure experiments performed at the river Iller in 2008 and 2009. Using a RT-qPCR and a well-established next-generation RNA sequencing pipeline for pathogen detection, PRV-specific RNA was not detectable in PDS fish from 2009. In contrast, PRV RNA was readily detectable in several organs from diseased fish in 2008. However, similar virus loads were detectable in the control fish which were not exposed to Iller water and did not show any signs of the disease. Therefore, we conclude that PRV is not the causative agent of PDS of brown trout in the rhithral region of alpine Bavarian limestone rivers. The abovementioned study by Kuehn used only samples from the exposure experiment from 2008 and detected a subclinical PRV bystander infection. Work is ongoing to identify the causative agent of PDS.

scholarly journals Blackbirds and Song Thrushes Constitute a Key Reservoir of Borrelia garinii, the Causative Agent of Borreliosis in Central Europe

2007 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 1289-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronika Taragel'ová ◽  
Juraj Koči ◽  
Klára Hanincová ◽  
Klaus Kurtenbach ◽  
Markéta Derdáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Infected Tick ◽  
Borrelia Garinii ◽  
Turdus Merula ◽  
Key Players

ABSTRACT Blackbirds (Turdus merula) and song thrushes (Turdus philomelos) were found to carry 95% of all spirochete-infected tick larvae among 40 bird species captured in Central Europe. More than 90% of the infections were typed as Borrelia garinii and Borrelia valaisiana. We conclude that thrushes are key players in the maintenance of these spirochete species in this region of Central Europe.

scholarly journals A Rare Glimpse into the Past of the Anthrax Pathogen Bacillus anthracis

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 298
Author(s):  
Peter Braun ◽  
Mandy Knüpfer ◽  
Markus Antwerpen ◽  
Dagmar Triebel ◽  
Gregor Grass
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Anthracis ◽  
Central Europe ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Genomic Sequencing ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Isolation Method ◽  
High Quality ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bacterium Bacillus ◽  
Europe Today

The bacterium Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of the zoonotic disease anthrax. While genomics of extant B. anthracis isolates established in-depth phylogenomic relationships, there is scarce information on the historic genomics of the pathogen. Here, we characterized the oldest documented B. anthracis specimen. The inactive 142-year-old material originated from a bovine diseased in Chemnitz (Germany) in 1878 and is contemporary with the seminal studies of Robert Koch on B. anthracis. A specifically developed isolation method yielded high-quality DNA from this specimen for genomic sequencing. The bacterial chromosome featuring 242 unique base-characters placed it into a major phylogenetic clade of B. anthracis (B.Branch CNEVA), which is typical for central Europe today. Our results support the notion that the CNEVA-clade represents part of the indigenous genetic lineage of B. anthracis in this part of Europe. This work emphasizes the value of historic specimens as precious resources for reconstructing the past phylogeny of the anthrax pathogen.

Scanning electron microscopy of erythrophagocytosis by Entamoeba histolytica trophozoites

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 880-881
Author(s):  
Victor Tsutsumi ◽  
Adolfo Martinez-Palomo ◽  
Kyuichi Tanikawa
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Entamoeba Histolytica ◽  
Causative Agent ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protozoan Parasite ◽  
Complex Phenomenon ◽  
Great Capacity ◽  
Scanning Electron

The protozoan parasite Entamoeba histolytica is the causative agent of amebiasis in man. The trophozoite or motile form is a highly dynamic and pleomorphic cell with a great capacity to destroy tissues. Moreover, the parasite has the singular ability to phagocytize a variety of different live or death cells. Phagocytosis of red blood cells by E. histolytica trophozoites is a complex phenomenon related with amebic pathogenicity and nutrition.

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