Efficacy of vaccination and antibiotic therapy against Staphylococcus aureus mastitis in dairy cattle

2005 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 89-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Luby ◽  
J. R. Middleton
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy

scholarly journals Treatment Duration for Uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia To Prevent Relapse: Analysis of a Prospective Observational Cohort Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 1150-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Pil Chong ◽  
Song Mi Moon ◽  
Kyung-Mi Bang ◽  
Hyun Jung Park ◽  
So-Youn Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Prospective Observational Cohort Study ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Observational Cohort

ABSTRACTPractice guidelines recommend at least 14 days of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicatedStaphylococcus aureusbacteremia (SAB). However, these recommendations have not been formally evaluated in clinical studies. To evaluate the duration of therapy for uncomplicated SAB, we analyzed data from our prospective cohort of patients with SAB. A prospective observational cohort study was performed in patients with SAB at a tertiary-care hospital in Korea between August 2008 and September 2010. All adult patients with SAB were prospectively enrolled and observed over a 12-week period. Uncomplicated SAB was defined as follows: negative results of follow-up blood cultures at 2 to 4 days, defervescence within 72 h of therapy, no evidence of metastatic infection, and catheter-related bloodstream infection or primary bacteremia without evidence of endocarditis on echocardiography. Of 483 patients with SAB, 111 met the study criteria for uncomplicated SAB. Fifty-three (47.7%) had methicillin-resistant SAB. When short-course therapy (<14 days) and intermediate-course therapy (≥14 days) were compared, the treatment failure rates (10/38 [26.3%] versus 16/73 [21.9%]) and crude mortality (7/38 [18.4%] versus 16/73 [21.9%]) did not differ significantly between the two groups. However, short-course therapy was significantly associated with relapse (3/38 [7.9%] versus 0/73;P= 0.036). In multivariate analysis, primary bacteremia was associated with a trend toward increased treatment failure (P= 0.06). Therefore, in the treatment of uncomplicated SAB, it seems reasonable to consider at least 14 days of antibiotic therapy to prevent relapse, as practice guidelines recommend. Because of its poor prognosis, primary bacteremia, even with a low risk of complication, should not be treated with short-course therapy.

Recurrent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Osteomyelitis: Combination Antibiotic Therapy with Evaluation by Serum Bactericidal Titers

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 694-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherrie L Aspinall ◽  
David M Friedland ◽  
Victor L Yu ◽  
John D Rihs ◽  
Robert R Muder
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Sedimentation Rate ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Low Back ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Trough Concentrations

Objective: To report on a patient with recurrent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) osteomyelitis and bacteremia successfully treated with combination antibiotic therapy. Case Summary: Two sets of blood cultures from a 55-year-old man with fever, malaise, and low back pain grew MRSA. Radiologic studies of the spine showed bony changes consistent with osteomyelitis. Soon after completing 6 weeks of vancomycin, the patient experienced a recurrence of back pain. Laboratory values included an increase in the sedimentation rate to 53 mm/h and positive blood cultures for MRSA. Vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin were administered for 8 weeks. Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers were more than 1:1024 for both the peak and trough concentrations. Radiologic studies of the spine showed healing osteomyelitis. Two years after completion of antibiotic therapy, the infection has not recurred. Discussion: Antibiotic therapy alone was attempted because the patient was considered a risky surgical candidate. Serum inhibitory and bactericidal titers documented the high in vivo activity of the vancomycin, gentamicin, and rifampin combination. Initiation of vancomycin therapy led to disappearance of the fever and back pain. Cure was documented by sustained normalization of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate and radiologic evidence of healing. Conclusions: Combination antibiotic therapy with vancomycin, rifampin, and low-dose gentamicin (1 mg/kg q12h) may be useful for deep-seated tissue infection caused by MRSA.

scholarly journals Use of Staphylococcus aureus Phage Lysate Staphage Lysate (SPL)® for the Control of Recurrent Pyoderma Eczema in Dogs with Atopic Dermatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Evelyn Bahr Solomon ◽  
Marconi Rodrigues de Farias ◽  
Claudia Turra Pimpão
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Phage Lysate ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic ◽  
Therapeutic Protocol ◽  
Systemic Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
The Mean

Background: Recurrent staphylococcal infections are frequent in dogs with atopic dermatitis (AD). Many factors seem to contribute to making bacterial pyoderma refractory to treatment. Short-term systemic antibiotic therapy is effective for the treatment of acute symptoms, and may, along with pulsatile therapy, contribute to the long-term control of the disease. However, microbial resistance has become a growing and alarming problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the use of Staphylococcus aureus Phage Lysate Staphage Lysate (SPL)®, can minimize the symptoms of recurrent pyoderma and increase the interval between acute atopic manifestations in dogs.Materials, Methods & Results: Thirteen dogs with a history of Canine Atopic Dematitis (CAD) and recurrent bacterial pyoderma received SPL at increasing intervals for 23 weeks. The contents of an intact pustule of each dog was collected and submitted to microbiological analysis. Systemic antibiotic therapy was established for the first 4-6 weeks of SPL protocol, based on the antibiotic sensitivity tests. The animals included in the study underwent a therapeutic protocol receiving shots of 0.5 mL of SPL subcutaneously (SC) twice a week for the first 12 weeks; 1.0 mL of SPL (SC) once a week for four weeks; 1.0 mL of SPL (SC) once every 15 days; 1.0 mL of SPL (SC) after a three-week interval from the last dose on week 20, until final observation at week 26, with no application. The animals underwent clinical examination every week and the evaluation of pruritus was used according Rybnicek et al. During the therapeutic protocol with SPL, a significant decline in the pruritus was observed in the treated dogs (P < 0.05). In week 1, the mean pruritus index was 7.33 on the Rybnicek scale; in weeks 12 and 23, the mean indices were 2.41 and 1.91. An effectiveness of 83.33% for the control of pruritus along with regression of the lesions was observed.Discussion: Before treatment, the selected animals presented worsening of the pruritus during the pyoderma eczema episodes (pruritic), resulting in the emergence of a vicious cycle where the pruritus induced the appearance of new lesions, requiring the use of antibiotics for a long period. During the therapeutic protocol with SPL, a significant decline in the pruritus was observed in the treated dogs. The control of pruritus associated with pyoderma eczema of the dogs in this study before the vaccination protocol with SPL was satisfactory when they were subjected to antibiotic therapy; however, after suspending therapy, the bacterial infections recurred, on average, after 2-4 weeks. On the other hand, with the use of SPL, the animals were recurrence-free until the end of the experimental protocol. This was attributed to the antibiotic therapy administered at the beginning of the protocol, as this led to a regression of the bacterial pyoderma and involution of the lesions. However, after suspending antibiotics, it was observed that, by the end of the study, 83.33% of the dogs still had a low level of pruritus, few or no lesions, which were considered acceptable to most owners. At this moment none of these patients needed to be subjected to antibiotic treatment. The sums of the scores for the dogs on weeks 1, 12, and 23 were 53.33, 4.41, and 3.5, respectively, indicating significant improvements of the lesions, showing that the proposed protocol with SPL was able to prevent new episodes of pyoderma.

scholarly journals Utilizing Pharmacy Records to Assess Antibiotic Prescribing Patterns on the Incidence of Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections in Children

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
Peter N. Johnson ◽  
Robert P. Rapp ◽  
Christopher T. Nelson ◽  
J.S. Butler ◽  
Sue Overman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Prescribing Patterns ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibiotic Prescribing ◽  
Antibiotic Exposure ◽  
Pharmacy Records ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Prior Antibiotic Therapy

OBJECTIVE To assess the effect of prior antibiotic therapy on the incidence of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections in children. METHODS This was a concurrent and retrospective review of antibiotic records for children &lt; 18 years of age with documented CA-MRSA infection identified between January 1, 2004, and December 31, 2005. Antibiotic records were compared against a control group. The primary outcome was the incidence of CA-MRSA using linear regression as a function of age and prior antibiotic therapy (i.e., 3 months prior to admission). Secondary objectives included a comparison of antibiotic courses and classes and a description of antibiotic susceptibilities in patients with CA-MRSA RESULTS Data from 26 patients were included. Nine out of 51 patients (18%) with CA-MRSA were included. Another 17 children were enrolled in the control group. The median age was approximately 1.75 years (0.08–14 years) in the CA-MRSA group versus 2.75 years (0.005-15 years) in the control group. A statistical difference was noted in the number of patients with prior antibiotic exposure between the CA-MRSA and control group, 8 (88.9%) versus 6 (35.3%), respectively (P = .01). Antibiotic exposure was found to be a significant independent risk factor (P = .005; 95% CI, 0.167–0.846) for the development of CA-MRSA. The interaction between antibiotic exposure and age &lt; 3 was the most significant predictor of CA-MRSA (P = .019; 95% CI, 0.139–1.40). CONCLUSIONS Prior antibiotic therapy in patients &lt; 3 years of age was associated with a significant risk of developing CA-MRSA. A comprehensive assessment of CA-MRSA patients should include objective methods of measuring prior antibiotic exposure such as pharmacy records.

scholarly journals Detection of β-lactamase, blaZ and mecA in penicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from bovine mastitis in Garanhuns, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Amanda Pereira Lucas ◽  
Andriele Renata Barbosa de Farias ◽  
Elizabete Cristina da Silva ◽  
Kleber Régis Santoro ◽  
Marcelo Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Meca Gene ◽  
Resistance Mechanism ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Genetic Determinants ◽  
The City

There are few reports in the literature about genetic determinants of resistance to β-lactams in Staphylococcus aureusisolated from dairy cattle located in the municipality of Garanhuns, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the production of β-lactamase and the presence of the blaZ and mecA genes in penicillin-resistant S. aureus isolated from cases of subclinical bovine mastitis in the city of Garanhuns. Forty-six strains of penicillin-resistant S. aureus were evalu-ated using the nitrocefin disc test and duplex PCR. The results revealed that 45 strains (97.8%) were positive for β-lactamase production and 44 (95.7%) carried the blaZ gene. Among the latter, 43 (97.7%) were β-lactamase producers and only one (2.3%) was not. The mecA gene was not detected in any of the isolates investigated. The results suggest that enzymatic inacti-vation is the main β-lactam resistance mechanism expressed by S. aureus in the herds analyzed.

scholarly journals Chronic otitis media following infection by non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae: A case report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-191
Author(s):  
Sara M. Van Bonn ◽  
Sebastian P. Schraven ◽  
Tobias Schuldt ◽  
Markus M. Heimesaat ◽  
Robert Mlynski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Intestinal Infections

AbstractWe report a case of a chronic mesotympanic otitis media with a smelly purulent secretion from both ears and recurrent otalgia over the last five years in a six-year-old girl after swimming in the German Baltic Sea. Besides Staphylococcus aureus a non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain could be isolated from patient samples. An antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin and ceftriaxone was administered followed by atticotomy combined with tympanoplasty. We conclude that V. cholerae should not be overlooked as a differential diagnosis to otitis infections, especially when patients present with extra-intestinal infections after contact with brackish- or saltwater aquatic environments.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus Aureus: Selective Reporting of Antibiogram Results and Its Impact on Antibiotic Use. Interventional Study with a Reference Group on the Effect of Switching from Non-Selective to Selective Antibiotic Reporting

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franka Lestin-Bernstein ◽  
Ramona Harberg ◽  
Ingo Schumacher ◽  
Lutz Briedigkeit ◽  
Oliver Heese ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Antibiotic Consumption ◽  
Selective Reporting ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Beta Lactams ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Narrow Spectrum ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background:Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) strategies worldwide focus on optimised antibiotic use. Selective susceptibility reporting is recommended as an effective AMS tool, although there is a lack of representative studies investigating the impact of selective susceptibility reporting on antibiotic use.The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of selective susceptibility reporting of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) on antibiotic consumption. Enhancing the use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics such as flucloxacillin/cefazolin/cefalexin is one of the main goals in optimising antibiotic therapy of S. aureus infections.Methods:This interventional study with control group was conducted at a tertiary care hospital in Germany. During the one-year interventional period, susceptibility reports for all methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) were restricted to flucloxacillin/cefazolin/oral cefalexin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, clindamycin, gentamicin and rifampin/fosfomycin; instead of reporting all tested antibiotics during the year before the intervention and in the reference clinic. The impact of the intervention was analysed by monitoring antibiotic consumption (recommended daily dose/100 occupied bed days: RDD/100 BD).Results:MSSA-antibiograms were reported for 2836 patients. Total use of narrow-spectrum beta-lactams more than doubled during the intervention (from 1.2 to 2.8 RDD/100 BD, P<0.001; P<0.001 compared to the reference clinic); the percentage of total antibiotic use increased from 2.6% to 6.2%. A slight, but significant increase in the use of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole was also observed (+ 0.37 RDD/100 BD).There was no decrease in antibiotics withdrawn from the antibiogram, probably as a consequence of their wide use for indications other than S. aureus infections.Conclusions:As narrow-spectrum beta-lactams are not widely used for other infections, there is a strong indication that selective reporting guided clinicians to optimised antibiotic therapy of S. aureus infections.As useful AMS tool, we recommend implementing selective reporting rules into the national/international standards for susceptibility reporting.

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