Abstract

2001 ◽  
Vol 149 (23) ◽  
pp. 706-706
Keyword(s):  
Small Animal ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

Management of incompetence of the urethral sphincter in bitches by urethropexy White, R. N. (2001) Urethropexy for the management of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in the bitch. Journal of Small Animal Practice 42, 481 -486

Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in male dogs: a retrospective analysis of 54 cases

1996 ◽  
Vol 139 (22) ◽  
pp. 542-546 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aaron ◽  
K. Eggleton ◽  
C. Power ◽  
P. E. Holt
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

Urethral Sphincter Mechanism Incompetence in Dogs: An Update

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rory Applegate ◽  
Shelly Olin ◽  
Bethany Sabatino
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Adrenergic Agents ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Urethral Bulking ◽  
Long Term Therapy ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

ABSTRACT Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is the most common cause of acquired urinary incontinence in dogs. The pathogenesis of USMI is multifactorial and complex. Studies have shown variable results regarding the effects and timing of sterilization on the incidence of USMI. Diagnosis of USMI is often based on history, physical examination, and elimination of other differentials. Treatment options for USMI include medications, such as α-adrenergic agents and estrogen products, minimally-invasive urethral bulking procedures, surgical procedures (e.g., indwelling urethral occluders), or combination therapy. The overall prognosis for USMI is typically fair to good with long-term therapy.

scholarly journals Surgical treatment of refractory incontinence in the bitch

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
J. Timmermans ◽  
B. Van Goethem ◽  
H. De Rooster
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Complication Rate ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Injection Port ◽  
Inflatable Cuff ◽  
Proximal Urethra ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

Urinary incontinence is a common condition in spayed, female dogs with a reported prevalence between 3.1% and 20.1%. In the majority of dogs with acquired urinary incontinence, urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence is the underlying cause. Approximately 15% of bitches that initially respond to medical therapy ultimately become refractory. Surgical intervention is indicated when patients do not respond or become refractory to medical treatment. Based on the current literature, placement of an artificial urethral sphincter, i.e. an inflatable cuff around the proximal urethra connected to a subcutaneous injection port, provides a very reliable and longterm incontinence resolution in bitches and has a low complication rate.

scholarly journals Medical treatment of urinary incontinence in the bitch

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
J. Timmermans ◽  
B. Van Goethem ◽  
H. De Rooster ◽  
D. Paepe
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Urinary Incontinence ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Bladder Neck ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Urethral Sphincter ◽  
Common Condition ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Urine Leakage ◽  
Sphincter Mechanism

Urinary incontinence, an uncontrolled urine leakage during the storage phase of micturition, is a common condition in female dogs. In intact bitches, the reported prevalence is only 0.2-0.3%, but in spayed bitches it varies between 3.1-20.1%. Most commonly, dogs with acquired urinary incontinence suffer from urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence. This condition seems tobe multifactorial, and although the exact pathophysiology remains unclear, potential risk factors include gender, gonadectomy, breed, body weight, urethral length and bladder neck position. In daily practice, the diagnosis of urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence is usually made after eliminating other potential causes of urinary incontinence. Incontinent bitches are primarily treated with medications, such as alpha-adrenergic drugs, e.g. phenylpropanolamine and oestrogens. Surgery is recommended when patients become refractory to medical treatment.

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