Significant variation in the management of cull sows before transport for slaughter: results from a survey of Danish pig farmers

2020 ◽  
Vol 186 (6) ◽  
pp. 185-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mette S Herskin ◽  
Margit D Aaslyng ◽  
Inger Anneberg ◽  
Peter T Thomsen ◽  
Louisa M Gould ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Homogeneous Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Special Part ◽  
Cull Sows ◽  
Available Resources

BackgroundApproximately 50% of sows are slaughtered each year, but management of cull sows is not well described.MethodsWe aimed to describe how cull sows are sent to slaughter using a questionnaire survey emailed to 885 Danish pig farmers, including questions about the use of pick-up facilities (either a designated pen used for reasons of biosecurity and practicality, in a special part of the barn, where pigs are kept in the last hours before being loaded onto a commercial truck, or a stationary vehicle kept outside the buildings and used for the same purpose) and evaluation of fitness for transport.ResultsA total of 360 farmers answered all questions, constituting a homogeneous group of middle-aged, experienced males. The management of the sows seemed rather variable, for example regarding choice of pick-up facility, its available resources, actions taken when sows were not fit for transport and sow conditions leading to doubt about fitness for transport. Special condition transport was only reported rarely, and rejection of sows due to lack of fitness for transport, by drivers or veterinarians at the slaughterhouse, was only rarely experienced.ConclusionThese findings may be used for formulation of hypotheses for future studies in this area characterised by welfare challenges, potentially leading to science-based recommendations relevant for animal welfare, productivity and biosecurity.

Photosynthetic response of geranium to elevated CO2 as affected by leaf age and time of CO2 exposure

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (11) ◽  
pp. 2482-2488 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Kelly ◽  
P. R. Hicklenton ◽  
E. G. Reekie
Keyword(s):  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Age ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Leaf Thickness ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Structural Modifications ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Density Results

Geranium plants were grown from seed in chambers maintained at 350 or 1000 μL∙L−1 CO2. Phtopsynthesis as affected by leaf age and by leaf position was determined. Elevated CO2 enhanced photosynthesis to the greatest extent in middle-aged leaves; very young leaves exhibited little enhancement, and net photosynthesis in the oldest leaves was depressed by elevated CO2. Temporary increases in net photosynthesis (relative to leaves developed at high CO2) resulted when young leaves grown at 350 μL∙L−1 CO2 were switched to 1000 μL∙L−1 CO2. Leaves switched later in development exhibited permanent enhancement. Middle-aged leaves exhibited a temporary depression followed by permanent enhancement. Leaves developed at high CO2 and switched to low CO2 did not exhibit any photosynthetic depression relative to plants grown continuously at low CO2. Similarly, leaves developed at low CO2, switched to high CO2 for various lengths of time, and returned to low CO2 showed no photosynthetic depression. Leaves developed at low CO2 and switched to high CO2 exhibited increases in specific leaf weight and leaf thickness. The increase in leaf thickness was proportional to length of time spent at high CO2. High CO2 depressed the rate at which stomata developed but did not affect final stomatal density. Results suggest that photosynthesis at low CO2 was limited by CO2 regardless of developmental environment, whereas photosynthesis at high CO2 was limited by the developmental characteristics of the leaf. Further, both biochemical and structural modifications appear to be involved in this response. Because of the very different responses of young versus old leaves, future studies should be careful to consider leaf age in assessing response to elevated CO2. Key words: carbon dioxide, elevated CO2, photosynthesis, geranium.

Critical supply chain vulnerabilities affecting supply chain resilience of industrialized construction in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M.A.C. Ekanayake ◽  
Geoffrey Qiping Shen ◽  
Mohan Kumaraswamy ◽  
Emmanuel Kingsford Owusu
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Supply Chain Resilience ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Significance Analysis ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Selection Of

PurposeIndustrialized construction (IC) has been recognized as a game-changing approach in Hong Kong (HK). However, the increasing risks of disruptions in IC supply chains (SCs) raise SC vulnerability levels, prompting attention to developing supply chain resilience (SCR). Since SCR is only attainable through overcoming critical supply chain vulnerabilities (CSCV) with enhanced SC capabilities, this study first aimed to determine the most CSCV of ICSCs by addressing this current research gap and practical need.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on SCV factors identified from a precursor literature review, an empirical study of IC in HK was conducted using a questionnaire survey and interviews with industry experts. Focussed significance analysis of the data collected through questionnaire survey enabled the selection of 26 CSCV as appropriate to IC. Next, factor analysis was conducted, enabling the grouping of these CSCV under five components. The results were verified and reinforced by interview findings.FindingsThe results revealed 26 CSCV pertinent to resilient ICSCs in HK with five underlying components: economic, technological, procedural, organizational and production-based vulnerabilities. Loss of skilled labour is the most critical vulnerability, whereas organizational SCV is the most critical component identified.Originality/valueFindings of this study would motivate IC project professionals to appreciate and address the CSCV in the context of five components and thereby develop adequate specific capabilities to successfully withstand these CSCV. This should trigger future studies to map CSCV with appropriate capabilities in developing an envisaged powerful assessment model for evaluating the SCR in IC in HK.

Age groups changes in self-rated health: A prospective longitudinal study over a 20-year period using Health Survey of North Trøndelag data

2020 ◽  
pp. 140349482090462
Author(s):  
Frode Lysberg ◽  
Siw Tone Innstrand ◽  
Milada Cvancarova Småstuen ◽  
Cathrine Lysberg ◽  
Magnhild Mjåvatn Høie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Health Survey ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal Study ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate changes in self-rated health (SRH) between different age groups and sexes over a 20-year period. Methods: Data were retrieved from the large longitudinal Health Survey of North Trøndelag, Norway, which includes data collected from more than 190,000 participants aged 20–70+ years between the years 1984 and 2008. Data were analysed using logistic regression and adjusted for sex. Results: From 1984 to 2008, the odds of scoring higher on SRH decreased by 46% in the youngest age group (20–29 years) and increased by approximately 35% in the middle-aged and older age groups (40–70+ years). When considering sex differences, women in most age groups scored lower than the men on their SRH. Conclusions: Our finding suggest a trending shift in SRH, with a reduction in the youngest age group (20–29 years) and an increase in the middle-aged and older age groups (40–70+ years). Despite the sex differences being small, our data indicate that in most age groups, women tend to score lower than men on their SRH. Future studies should focus on these trends to understand better the mechanisms underlying these changes in SRH and to follow future trends to see if the trend is reinforced or diminished.

scholarly journals Vándorlások vizsgálata a szegedi agglomeráció egyik településén, 2010-ben

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 99-104
Author(s):  
Brigitta Zsótér ◽  
Angéla Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Real Estates

A questionnaire survey wa s made on the migration to Deszk from which it can be concluded that the younge r and middle-.aged age group move to the settlement (65,19% migrated from Szeged). The reasons from migration are the low prices of plots and real estates and the peaceful environment. Most of the migrants work in Szeged and they used the settlement as a so-called ,.bedroom community" . A significant number of respondents (239 persons) drive to work. According to the analysis made by data of KSH, in the examined period (1999-2008) mortality exceeded birth rate, the number of marriages exceeded the numbe r of divorces. It can also be seen that more people migrate to Szeged and its catchment area than leave it.

Patterned Activity of Co-Ordinated Motor Units, Studied in Flying Locusts

1962 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 643-667 ◽  
Author(s):  
DONALD M. WILSON ◽  
TORKEL WEIS-FOGH
Keyword(s):  
Significant Variation ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Restoring Forces ◽  
Aerodynamic Parameters ◽  
Flight Motor ◽  
Wing Stroke ◽  
Specific Phase

1. A brief survey of the locust flight system is presented as background for this and future studies. Included are descriptions of the wing movements, the aerodynamic parameters and the pertinent muscle anatomy and physiology. 2. A procedure has been designed which makes it possible to study a complex locomotory pattern in terms of the activities of single nervous and muscular units, in this case during normal flight of locusts. 3. We have found a detailed repetitive pattern which is precisely correlated with the wing movements. Fig. 24 shows the pattern during normal flight. Variations in the details of the pattern are also correlated with significant variation in the movements. 4. During average flight most of the flight motor units fire a single time per wing stroke. In low-powered flight numerous units are inactive. With increase in power additional units are recruited and active ones may fire twice or more during a specific phase of a single wingstroke. 5. Increase in wingstroke frequency is correlated with increase in number of active units and with earlier onset of activity so that the wing movements are braked at top and bottom by muscular activity as well as by other restoring forces. 6. Lift is controlled by changes in wing twisting which are mainly due to changes in activity of a single two-unit muscle for each wing, the subalar muscle.

scholarly journals MULTIMORBIDITY PATTERNS ARE DIFFERENTLY ASSOCIATED WITH DEPRESSION IN MIDDLE-AGED AND OLDER CHINESE

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S789-S789
Author(s):  
Shan-Shan Yao ◽  
Gui-Ying Cao ◽  
Zi-Shuo Chen ◽  
Zi-Ting Huang ◽  
Beibei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Pattern ◽  
Factor Scores ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract The associations of multiple physical conditions with depression are still unclear. This study examined the relationship between physical multimorbidity patterns and depression among middle-aged and older Chinese. Patterns of physical multimorbidity were identified using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) among 21,933 participants ≥ 45 years from 2011 to 2015. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to assess the associations between multimorbidity, multimorbidity patterns (factor scores) and depression for each age group (45-60 years vs. ≥60 years). The overall prevalence of multimorbidity was 40% and it was higher among participants with depression (54%) than those without depression (33%). Middle-aged (OR: 1.45; 95%CI 1.16–1.80) and older (OR: 1.85; 95%CI 1.62–2.11) adults with multimorbidity were more likely to have depression compared with those without multimorbidity. Five multimorbidity patterns were identified: cardio-metabolic, respiratory, splanchnic, cardio-cerebrovascular, and tumor-and-degenerative. Middle-aged participants with higher respiratory pattern score had a higher odds to have depression (OR: 1.59; 95%CI 1.15–2.21). Among older adults, higher cardio-metabolic pattern score was significantly associated with lower odds of depression (OR: 0.78; 95% CI 0.63–0.97), while higher respiratory (OR: 1.32; 95%CI 1.04–1.68), splanchnic (OR: 1.22; 95%CI 1.01–1.47) and tumor-and-degenerative pattern scores (OR: 1.86; 95%CI 1.42–2.43) were all found to be significantly associated with higher risk of depression. The associations between physical multimorbidity patterns and depression differ by age. Future studies are needed to investigate the temporal nature of how physical multimorbidity patterns may induce depression and the underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Epidemio-entomological Study of Japanesse Encephalitis in Bhaktapur District, Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Monica Shrestha ◽  
Ranjana Gupta ◽  
Ishan Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Encephalitis ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Light Trap ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cdc Light Trap ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Good Attitude

A descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire survey on Japanese encephalitis was conducted in Bhaktapur district. Mosquitoes were collected for six months by means of dark activated rechargeable CDC light trap. Out of 884 mosquitoe individuals collected, 73.41 percent were Culex species. The highest numbers of mosquitoes were collected in July and August. There was no significant variation in Culex vectors abundance during six months in three study sites Tathali, Bode and Bhelukhel. Significant correlation was found between level of knowledge and attitude towards JE prevention. Fair level of practice towards JE prevention but having no good attitude shows that though people are supportive towards JE control.  Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 112-118

scholarly journals АНАЛИЗ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ ГИПОТЕНЗИВНЫХ СРЕДСТВ ПО ДАННЫМ АНКЕТИРОВАНИЯ ПОСЕТИТЕЛЕЙ АПТЕК В г. ГРОДНО

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-601
Author(s):  
H. H. Al-Zeyadi ◽  
◽  
V. I. Kozlovski ◽  
A. V. Cymbalisty ◽  
V. V. Goncharuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Antihypertensive Therapy ◽  
Antihypertensive Drug ◽  
Ace Inhibitors ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
International Guidelines ◽  
Aged Group ◽  
Hypotensive Drugs

The aim of the study is to assess the structure of use of hypotensive drugs and adherence to the antihypertensive therapy among pharmacy visitors in Grodno. Material and methods. We conducted questionnaire survey among 109 pharmacy visitors who bought antihypertensive drugs.Results. ACE inhibitors is the most widely used group of antihypertensive drugs among the pharmacy visitors in Grodno. 44% of them took one drug. The most of the pharmacy visitors used hypotensive drugs regularly; however, 19,3% respondents were non-adherent, mostly from the middle-aged group (45-59 years). Conclusion. The structure of use of antihypertensive drugs among the pharmacy visitors in Grodno complies to the international guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension. However, there are some disadvantages: 1) relatively large number of respondents use only one antihypertensive drug; 2) some respondents, especially among middle-aged persons, take antihypertensive drugs not regularly.

The role of space attributes in space-choice behaviour and satisfaction in an academic library

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Hyun Cha ◽  
Tae Wan Kim
Keyword(s):  
Academic Libraries ◽  
User Satisfaction ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Academic Library ◽  
Choice Behaviour ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Planning And Design ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction

Space attributes concern both users’ space-choice behaviour (i.e. where to sit) and satisfaction (i.e. level of satisfaction in the chosen seat). However, the effects of space attributes in academic libraries have most often been investigated with a separate focus on either space-choice behaviour or user satisfaction. Since library contexts vary greatly, it is unreasonable to compare findings from existing separate-focus studies. The present study thus aims to conjointly investigate the effects of space attributes on space-choice behaviour and user satisfaction from the same context of an academic library. For this purpose, a questionnaire survey was conducted and the data were explored in a series of statistical analyses. As a result, the study demonstrates that the influence of some space attributes differs between space choice and satisfaction. Once generalized in future studies of a wider variety of academic libraries, these findings should help architects to make better-informed decisions in library space-planning and design, leading to more efficient use of space and enhanced user satisfaction.

Benzodiazepines for cancer dyspnoea: a nationwide survey of palliative care physicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshinobu Matsuda ◽  
Ryo Matsunuma ◽  
Kozue Suzuki ◽  
Masanori Mori ◽  
Hiroaki Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Questionnaire Survey ◽  
Nationwide Survey ◽  
High Baseline ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Opioid Dose ◽  
Patients With Cancer

ObjectivesIt is unclear whether patients with non-specific dyspnoea are suitable candidates for studies investigating the effectiveness of benzodiazepines against dyspnoea. The objective of this survey was to investigate suitable subjects for studies of benzodiazepines for cancer dyspnoea.MethodsA nationwide questionnaire survey was conducted among 536 Japanese-certified palliative care physicians. We randomly selected 268 physicians and inquired about their approach to dyspnoea management in patients with cancer, with and without anxiety, as follows: (1) Administration of a benzodiazepine. (2) Administration or titration of an opioid. We also asked them to consider their approach in the following situations: (1) Opioid-naïve. (2) Low-to-moderate baseline opioid dose. (3) High baseline opioid dose. We assessed the use of specific benzodiazepines separately.ResultsOverall, 192 physicians responded to the questionnaire (71.6%). For patients without anxiety, the proportion of participants reporting that they frequently or very frequently ‘administer a benzodiazepine’ increased with baseline opioid dose (opioid-naïve: 5.2%, low-to-moderate: 11.5%, high: 26.0%). The proportion of participants reporting that they frequently or very frequently ‘administer or titrate an opioid’ decreased with baseline opioid dose (opioid-naïve: 83.3%, low-to-moderate: 73.4%, high: 41.1%). The pattern was similar for patients with anxiety, although more respondents said they prescribe benzodiazepine for these patients (naïve: 22.4%, low-to-moderate: 34.4%, high: 45.8%) and fewer prescribed an opioid. Alprazolam and lorazepam are frequently used.ConclusionPatients with anxiety or receiving a high baseline opioid dose could be potential candidates for future studies investigating the effectiveness of benzodiazepines against cancer dyspnoea.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document