scholarly journals Serological survey of wild cervids in England and Wales for bovine viral diarrhoea virus

2020 ◽  
Vol 187 (7) ◽  
pp. e47-e47
Author(s):  
Jo Hardstaff ◽  
Hannah Hunt ◽  
Laura Tugwell ◽  
Carole Thomas ◽  
Laila Elattar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
East Anglia ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Wild Deer

BackgroundBovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) is a production disease commonly found in British cattle herds. Species other than cattle have been shown to be infected with the virus, thereby providing a potential source of infection for livestock. This study surveyed serum samples taken from 596 culled wild deer from England and Wales, between 2009 and 2010, for the presence of BVD antibodies.Methods596 samples were tested with the SVANOVIR BVDV p80-Ab ELISA and a subset of 64 were tested with the IDEXX BVDV p80-Ab ELISA. ELISA results were confirmed using serum neutralisation tests.Results2/596 samples (0.35 per cent) tested positive for BVD antibodies using the Svanova test and one of these tested positive and the other inconclusive using the IDEXX test; both were confirmed positive with serum neutralisation tests. These were both red deer stags, one from Devon and the other from East Anglia.ConclusionsThe results indicate that it is unlikely that BVD virus is widely circulating within the wild deer population and particularly unlikely that persistently infected deer are present in the populations surveyed. These results suggest that wild deer are unlikely to be a significant reservoir of BVD infection in cattle.

A survey for bvdv antibodies in cattle farms in Slovakia and genetic typing of bvdv isolates from imported animals

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Š. Vilček ◽  
Jana Mojžišová ◽  
Viera Bajová ◽  
Š. Paulík ◽  
L. Strojný ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Serological Survey ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Pcr Products ◽  
Cattle Farms

A serological survey for bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) antibodies on a collection of 1295 serum samples obtained from 6-12 months old cattle originating from 45 farms in Slovakia was carried out. On 13 farms more than 90% of the examined animals were seropositive, on 14 farms 71-90% seroprevalence was observed, on 13 farms only 50-70% animals were found to be positive for BVDV antibodies, while the remaining 5 farms showed fewer than 50% seropositive animals. The average incidence of BVDV antibodies (around 70%) was similar as determined 30 years ago. Of 84 serum samples from seronegative animals originating from 14 farms in which 70-98% seropositivity was observed, six were positive in Ag-BVDV ELISA indicating persistently infected (PI) cattle. On a farm to which animals were imported from abroad, a BVD outbreak was observed. Of 110 animals tested, four were positive in Ag-ELISA indicating the presence of PI cattle on this farm. Genetic typing of two isolates from imported animals performed by RT-PCR (324/326 primers from 5´-UTR), sequencing of PCR products and computer-assisted phylogenetic analysis revealed that they belong to BVDV-1h group.

scholarly journals Serological survey of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in Namibian and South African kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros) and eland (Taurotragus oryx)

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence P. Scott ◽  
Eleanor Stylianides ◽  
Wanda Markotter ◽  
Louis Nel
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
Tragelaphus Strepsiceros

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is a pestivirus that affects members of the order Artiodactyla, including members of the subfamily Bovinae. Little is known about the seroprevalence of BVDV in southern Africa, especially the prevalence in wild ruminant populations such as kudu (Tragelaphus strepsiceros). A handful of random surveys suggested that seroprevalence ranged between 6% and 70% in southern African wild ruminants. The present study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of BVDV amongst kudu and eland (Taurotragus oryx) from Namibia and South Africa. A BVDV-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed on 50 serum samples from kudu and eland from South Africa and Namibia. The seroprevalence of BVDV in South African kudu was 71%, identical to that in Namibian kudu. The seroprevalence in Namibian eland was 40%. The kudu and cattle farming (free ranging) regions in Namibia predominantly overlap in the central regions, ensuring ample opportunity for cross-species transmission of BVDV. It is therefore important to determine the true prevalence of BVDV in southern Africa in both domesticated and wild animals. In addition, a potential link between BVDV incidence and a devastating rabies epidemic in Namibian kudu was proposed and such a notion could be supported or discredited by comparative prevalence data.

Epitopic characterisation of Turkish bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv) isolates using monoclonal antibodies

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yeşilbağ ◽  
I. Burgu
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Plaque Assay ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
The Other ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Epitope Analysis ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Limiting Dilution

In this study, 15 bovine viral diarrhoea viruses (BVDV) isolated from the field in Turkey were characterised for their biotype, cloned and eventually analysed for their epitopic composition in terms of glycoprotein E2. Immunoplaque assay, plaque assay, limiting dilution and streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase techniques were used for biotype characterisation, cloning of cytopathic (cp) and noncytopathic (ncp) biotypes and epitope analysis, respectively. While 14 out of 15 BVDV isolates were distinguished as ncp biotype, 1 isolate was found to be containing both biotypes (cp + ncp). According to the reactivity patterns of isolates with 15 monoclonal antibodies, 4 different antigenic groups could be formed. There were no antigenic differences between the isolates derived from the same animal with various time intervals. On the other hand, biotype clones isolated from the same animal exhibited difference in one epitope. This is the first study describing antigenic characterisation of BVDV field isolates in Turkey.

scholarly journals Viral shedders in a herd vaccinated against infection with bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) without prior testing for the presence of persistently infected animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław P. Polak ◽  
Aleksandra Antos ◽  
Jerzy Rola ◽  
Jan F. Żmudziński
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Serological Screening ◽  
Adult Cattle ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Antibody Titres ◽  
Term Basis

Abstract Introduction: Bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD), caused by the bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV), is one of the most important diseases of cattle worldwide. The purpose of the study was to determine the BVDV infection status in a dairy herd vaccinated against BVD. Before vaccination started in 2008, there had been no prior identification or the removal of the possible source of infection (persistently infected animals). It was expected that vaccination itself would enable the elimination of viral shedders on a long term basis. Material and Methods: Serological screening for antibodies against BVDV with determination for antibodies titres, BVDV antigen, and the presence of the viral genome with phylogenetic analysis of positive samples in the herd were performed, despite the lack of any clinical problems indicating possible presence of BVDV infection. Results: 19 individuals persistently infected with BVDV were identified among calves and heifers but not in adult cattle. All virus shedders were antibody negative and the genotype of isolated virus was BVDV-1b, indicating a single source of infection. The vaccine used in the herd was composed of BVDV-1a strain. In each of the tested cowsheds, antibody titres against BVDV-1b were higher than against BVDV-1a (median values). Conclusion: Despite a long-lasting vaccination programme and relatively high sequence homology of vaccinal and field strains of BVDV (83.6%), it was not possible to avoid transplacental infections of foetuses and the birth of persistently infected calves from vaccinated heifers although the protection against clinical disease was accomplished.

scholarly journals A computer simulation of the transmission dynamics and the effects of duration of immunity and survival of persistently infected animals on the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in dairy cattle

1997 ◽  
Vol 119 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. INNOCENT ◽  
I. MORRISON ◽  
J. BROWNLIE ◽  
G. GETTINBY
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Infected Animal ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Persistently Infected ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Spread Of Infection

This paper describes a computer model that mimics the spread of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) infection through a closed herd. The model is able to simulate the spread of infection when a persistently infected (PI) animal is introduced into an infection-free herd, and it is used to investigate the role of persistently infected animals, seroconverting animals, loss of PI calves and duration of immunity on the level of infection within the herd. Under typical management conditions one persistently infected animal poses a real threat to a herd, and the prospect of the herd becoming infection free in a 10-year period without intervention is remote. Seroconverting animals are found to be an important source of infection in herds with few immune animals. The increased loss of PI calves is likely to restrict the numbers of PI animals in a herd, and loss of immunity is important since it increases the possibility of a PI calf being born.

scholarly journals Genotyping of bovine viral diarrhoea virus isolates from the Czech Republic

2009 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Robesova ◽  
K. Kovarcik ◽  
S. Vilcek
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Bovine Viral Diarrhoea ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Genetic Typing ◽  
Diarrhoea Virus ◽  
Virus Isolates

This study was focused on the genetic typing of bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) isolates obtained from 41 serum samples of persistently infected cattle in the Czech Republic in the period of 2004 to 2007. For the differentiation of BVDV isolates, the 5’-UTR and Npro</sup> regions were selected. A 288-bp fragment from 5’-UTR and 428-bp fragment from Npro of the selected isolates were amplified by RT-PCR and subsequently sequenced and analysed by computer-assisted phylogenetic analysis. The isolates belong to BVDV-1 genotype and the following subtypes were identified: b (<i>n</i> = 16), d (<i>n</i> = 16), e (<i>n</i> = 2) and f (<i>n</i> = 7). In this collection of viral samples, no isolate belonged to BVDV-2 genotype.

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