scholarly journals Dog owner’s accuracy measuring different volumes of dry dog food using three different measuring devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (19) ◽  
pp. 599-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason B Coe ◽  
Alexandra Rankovic ◽  
Tara R Edwards ◽  
Jacqueline M Parr
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Measuring Accuracy ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Correct Weight ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
Dry Food

Prior research demonstrates significant inaccuracy when repeatedly measuring the same amount of dry dog food using a dry-food measuring cup, bringing into question the accuracy of measuring devices. This study aimed to determine dog owners’ accuracy when measuring different volumes of dry dog food using different types of measuring devices. One hundred dog owners, randomly assigned one of three measuring devices (a one-cup dry-food measuring cup, a two-cup graduated-liquid measuring cup or a two-cup commercial food scoop), were asked to measure ¼, ½ and 1 cup of dry dog food. Accuracy was assessed with an electronic gram scale by comparing measured volumes with the correct weight in grams. Individual accuracy ranged from −47.83% to 152.17% across devices and volumes. Measuring accuracy was found to be associated with the volume of food measured (p<0.001) and the type of measuring device used (p<0.001). Findings highlight approaches for decreasing excess intake of calories by dogs, including promotion of tactics to improve measurement accuracy (eg, gram scales, volume-calibrated dry-food measuring devices), especially for measuring small volumes.

Design of a Universal Software System for Controlling Geometric Measuring Devices

2006 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Lübke ◽  
C. Pieper ◽  
G. Goch ◽  
K. Kammers
Keyword(s):  
User Interface ◽  
Coordinate Measuring Machine ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Broad Variety ◽  
Measuring Machine ◽  
And Control

The research project UP-Prosa, a German acronym for universal and unified platform for planning, programming, controlling and evaluating processes, of measuring, aims at realizing a platform to design and control processes of geometry measurements, which supports a broad variety of measuring devices via one user interface. Based on Windows Operating System (OS) a software was developed able to control inspection devices for different types of geometry measurements (coordinate measuring machine, form, roughness, gear) and manufacturers by one defined communication protocol. This uniform user interface contains the programming of measurement processes, evaluation algorithms with standardized methods, as well as abilities to generate record pages at the users expectations. At the level of geometric measuring devices a universal controlling software called Prosa InterCommunicator (Prosa-ICom) was designed. Prosa-ICom communicates via network with the user interface and translates the defined protocol into a measuring device specific form. The internal structure is extendable and so it seems to be appropriate for both new developments and upgrades (retrofit) for all kinds of geometric measuring devices.

Flowmetering in the Oil Industry

1986 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 63-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
R C Gold
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Uncertainty ◽  
Crude Oil ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Different Types

The article traces the use of flowmeters in the production and processing of crude oil and its refined products. Emphasis is placed on meters used for accounting purposes and wherever possible, the significance of measurement uncertainty at the various stages of oil production is expressed in financial terms. The article concludes that improved measurement accuracy is more likely to be achieved from improved calibration and operating procedures than from the use of different types of flowmeters.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nutritional value and microbiological safety in commercial dog food

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Kazimierska ◽  
Wioletta Biel ◽  
Robert Witkowicz ◽  
Jolanta Karakulska ◽  
Xymena Stachurska
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Microbial Count ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Microbiological Safety ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Dry Food

AbstractIn addition to properly balancing nutritional value in accordance with the needs of a dog, estimating the microbiological quality of dog food is crucial in providing healthy and safe foods. The aim of this study was to examine the quality of dry food for adult dogs, with particular reference to: (1) evaluating the nutritional value and compliance with nutritional guidelines for dogs, (2) comparing the nutritional value of dog foods, with particular emphasis on the division into cereal and cereal-free foods, and (3) evaluating their microbiological safety. All thirty-six evaluated dry dog foods met the minimum European Pet Food Industry FEDIAF requirement for total protein and fat content. The total aerobic microbial count in the analyzed dry dog foods ranged from 2.7 × 102 to above 3.0 × 107 cfu/g. In five (14%) dog foods the presence of staphylococci was detected; however, coagulase positive Staphylococcus (CPS) was not found. Mold presence was reported in one cereal-free dog food and in six cereal foods. In none of the analyzed foods Enterobacteriaceae were found, including coliforms, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Bacteria of the genus Listeria and Clostridium as well as yeasts were also not detected. In conclusion, the evaluated dry dog foods had varied microbiological quality. The detected number of microorganisms may have some implications for long-term consumption of contaminated food. The lack of European Commission standards regarding the permissible amounts of microorganisms in pet food may result in insufficient quality control of these products.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Variable-Gain Kalman Filter Based on Angle Error Calculated from Acceleration Signals in Lower Limb Angle Measurement with Inertial Sensors

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuta Teruyama ◽  
Takashi Watanabe
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Inertial Sensors ◽  
Angle Measurement ◽  
Angle Error ◽  
Variable Gain ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Kalman Gain ◽  
Acceleration Signals

The wearable sensor system developed by our group, which measured lower limb angles using Kalman-filtering-based method, was suggested to be useful in evaluation of gait function for rehabilitation support. However, it was expected to reduce variations of measurement errors. In this paper, a variable-Kalman-gain method based on angle error that was calculated from acceleration signals was proposed to improve measurement accuracy. The proposed method was tested comparing to fixed-gain Kalman filter and a variable-Kalman-gain method that was based on acceleration magnitude used in previous studies. First, in angle measurement in treadmill walking, the proposed method measured lower limb angles with the highest measurement accuracy and improved significantly foot inclination angle measurement, while it improved slightly shank and thigh inclination angles. The variable-gain method based on acceleration magnitude was not effective for our Kalman filter system. Then, in angle measurement of a rigid body model, it was shown that the proposed method had measurement accuracy similar to or higher than results seen in other studies that used markers of camera-based motion measurement system fixing on a rigid plate together with a sensor or on the sensor directly. The proposed method was found to be effective in angle measurement with inertial sensors.

Research on Data Aggregation Algorithms Based on OPT in Wireless Sensor Networks

2013 ◽  
Vol 427-429 ◽  
pp. 1991-1994
Author(s):  
Xue Wen He ◽  
Le Ping Zheng ◽  
Kuan Gang Fan ◽  
Sun Han ◽  
Qing Mei Cao
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Sensor Networks ◽  
Sensor Networks ◽  
Data Aggregation ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Design Goal ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Battery Energy

Since wireless sensor networks consist of sensors with limited battery energy, a major design goal is to maximize the lifetime of sensor network. To improve measurement accuracy and prolong network lifetime, reducing data traffic is needed. In the clustering-based wireless sensor networks, a novel data aggregation algorithm based on OPT and Layida Method is proposed. In the proposed method, Layida Method preprocesses data and data fusion model for data integration are used. Its availability is proved by comparing with the results of two existing algorithms.

scholarly journals Application of Measurement Signal Reduction to Improve Measurement Accuracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.36) ◽  
pp. 1035
Author(s):  
Rustem R. Ziyatdinov ◽  
Leisan R. Zakirova
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Channel ◽  
Operational Amplifiers ◽  
Degree Of Polarization ◽  
Measured Signal ◽  
Random Component ◽  
Temperature Drift ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Accuracy Of Measurements ◽  
Causes Of Errors

Most modern technical tasks require high precision measurements. To do this, it is necessary to analyze the causes of errors and take measures to reduce their influence on the accuracy of measurements. The causes of errors are very diverse and cannot always be identified. However, some systematic components of the measurement error can be described and calculated mathematically. In this case, the task of reducing the signal at the output of a measuring device to the form it would have when using an “ideal” device is reduced to calculating a certain linear operator which product to the measured signal allows obtaining the minimum systematic error. In this paper, the application of the reduction method is given by the example of a measuring instrument for the degree of polarization of light radiation which comprises three measuring channels for measuring the intensity of linearly polarized radiation. Each channel is built with the use of three operational amplifiers. The main errors of a measuring channel that can be described and determined are the errors of the operational amplifiers associated with the bias voltages and temperature drift. In real measuring systems there are much larger of such components. However, the use of computer equipment for modeling systems and processes, as well as measurements, removes all restrictions on the possibilities of processing the obtained data in a software way. With the help of computer technology it is possible to reduce the influence of perturbing effects and systematic errors, and also to eliminate gross errors. The random component of an error can be reduced by increasing the number of measurements and carrying out statistical data processing.   

scholarly journals Study of the measurements placement problem for planning of the optimal experiment

2019 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 03006
Author(s):  
Oksana A. Grebneva
Keyword(s):  
Finite Number ◽  
Global Solution ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Placement Problem ◽  
Optimal Experiment ◽  
Measuring Devices ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pipeline Systems

Both in Russia and abroad, there are works that are devoted to the problem of optimal placement of measuring devices, which are evidenced by the current literature. The proposed methods are not universal, that does not allow them to be directly used for different types of pipeline systems. In addition, the developed algorithms does not guarantee a global solution. In this regard, there is a demand for solving the problem of optimal placement of measuring devices for pipeline systems. At the same time, not only the number and accuracy of measuring devices, but also their composition and placement locations are important. In this paper, a mathematical formulation of the problem of optimal placement of measuring devices is given, methods for its solution are proposed. The numerical example shows the effectiveness of the proposed method of optimal placement of measuring devices, which allows to get a global solution for a previously known finite number of steps.

scholarly journals The Effect of Deflections and Elastic Deformations on Geometrical Deviation and Shape Profile Measurements of Large Crankshafts with Uncontrolled Supports

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5714
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Nozdrzykowski ◽  
Stanisław Adamczak ◽  
Zenon Grządziel ◽  
Paweł Dunaj
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Measurement Accuracy ◽  
Qualitative Comparison ◽  
Elastic Deformations ◽  
Point Support ◽  
Improve Measurement ◽  
Amplitude Spectra ◽  
Geometric Deviations ◽  
Multi Criteria Analysis

This article presents a multi-criteria analysis of the errors that may occur while measuring the geometric deviations of crankshafts that require multi-point support. The analysis included in the paper confirmed that the currently used conventional support method—in which the journals of large crankshafts rest on a set of fixed rigid vee-blocks—significantly limits the detectability of their geometric deviations, especially those of the main journal axes’ positions. Insights for performing practical measurements, which will improve measurement procedures and increase measurement accuracy, are provided. The results are presented both graphically and as discrete amplitude spectra to make a visual, qualitative comparison, which is complemented by a quantitative assessment based on correlation analysis.

scholarly journals Carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of commercial dog food in Brazil

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e5828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo de Aro Galera ◽  
Adibe Luiz Abdalla Filho ◽  
Luiza Santos Reis ◽  
Janaina Leite de Souza ◽  
Yeleine Almoza Hernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pet Food ◽  
Average Standard Deviation ◽  
Specific Product ◽  
Dog Food ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Dry Food

Background Brazil is a low- to medium-income country and has the second largest pet food market in the world with 8% of world pet food consumption. The lowest-income social class spends around 17% of their domestic budget on pet food and other items related to pets. Consumers are frequently misled by advertising as there is no precise information about the main sources of protein, carbohydrates and fat in the labels, and the Brazilian pet food industry can legally claim that their products contain certain items like salmon or beef even if they use just a flavoring compound. Methods The stable isotope methodology compares the stable isotope ratios of carbon (13C/12C) and nitrogen (15N/14N) between source and product. The 13C/12C ratio of a specific product (e.g., dog food) reveals the proportions of C4 (maize) and C3 (soybean, rice and wheat) plants in that product and the 15N/14N ratio reveals the proportion of the compounds derived from animals. With this isotopic data, we used MixSIAR, a Bayesian stable isotope-mixing model, to estimate the proportion of maize, grains, poultry and beef in dog food. Results The δ13C values of dry dog food ranged from −24.2‰ to −12.8‰, with an average (± standard-deviation) of −17.1‰ ± 2.8‰. The δ13C values of wet pet food ranged from −25.4‰ to −16.9‰, with an average (± standard-deviation) of −21.2‰ ± 2.4‰, which was significantly lower (p < 0.01). The δ15N values of the dry and wet food ranged from 1.7‰ to 4.2‰, and from 0.5‰ to 5.5‰, respectively. The average δ15N values of dry food (2.9‰ ± 0.5‰) was not higher than the wet food (2.6‰ ± 1.3‰) (p > 0.01). The output of the MixSIAR showed a low proportion of bovine products in dry dog food samples. On the other hand, poultry was obviously the dominant ingredient present in most of the samples. Maize was the second dominant ingredient. Wet and dry dog food showed similar isotopic analysis results. The only difference was a lower proportion of maize and higher proportion of grains in wet dog food. Discussion The main finding is that dog food in Brazil is mostly made of approximately 60% (ranging from 32% to 86%) animal-based and 40% (ranging from 14% to 67%) plant-based products. Poultry and maize are the main ingredients. Poultry is added as a by-product or meal, which avoids competition between dogs and humans for meat products, while they can compete for maize. On the other hand, a large proportion of plant-based products in dog food decreases the energy and environmental footprint, since plant-based food products tend to be less harmful compared to animal-based products. Labels can mislead consumers by showing pictures of items that are not necessarily part of the product composition and by not showing the detailed information on the proportion of each ingredient. This information would allow customers to make their own choices considering their pet’s nutrition, the competition between animals and humans for resources and environmental sustainability.

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