scholarly journals Molecular biology and respiratory disease. 5. Molecular biology of receptors: implications for lung disease.

Thorax ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 482-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
P J Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease

scholarly journals Chronic respiratory disease and survival outcomes after extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tak Kyu Oh ◽  
Hyoung-Won Cho ◽  
Hun-Taek Lee ◽  
In-Ae Song
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Chronic Respiratory Disease ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Membrane Oxygenation ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Ecmo Therapy

Abstract Background Quality of life following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) therapy is an important health issue. We aimed to describe the characteristics of patients who developed chronic respiratory disease (CRD) following ECMO therapy, and investigate the association between newly diagnosed post-ECMO CRDs and 5-year all-cause mortality among ECMO survivors. Methods We analyzed data from the National Health Insurance Service in South Korea. All adult patients who underwent ECMO therapy in the intensive care unit between 2006 and 2014 were included. ECMO survivors were defined as those who survived for 365 days after ECMO therapy. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, interstitial lung disease, lung cancer, lung disease due to external agents, obstructive sleep apnea, and lung tuberculosis were considered as CRDs. Results A total of 3055 ECMO survivors were included, and 345 (11.3%) were newly diagnosed with CRDs 365 days after ECMO therapy. The prevalence of asthma was the highest at 6.1% (185). In the multivariate logistic regression, ECMO survivors who underwent ECMO therapy for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or respiratory failure had a 2.00-fold increase in post-ECMO CRD (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39 to 2.89; P < 0.001). In the multivariate Cox regression, newly diagnosed post-ECMO CRD was associated with a 1.47-fold (95% CI: 1.17 to 1.86; P = 0.001) higher 5-year all-cause mortality. Conclusions At 12 months after ECMO therapy, 11.3% of ECMO survivors were newly diagnosed with CRDs. Patients who underwent ECMO therapy for ARDS or respiratory failure were associated with a higher incidence of newly diagnosed post-ECMO CRD compared to those who underwent ECMO for other causes. Additionally, post-ECMO CRDs were associated with a higher 5-year all-cause mortality. Our results suggest that ECMO survivors with newly diagnosed post-ECMO CRD might be a high-risk group requiring dedicated interventions.

scholarly journals Heterogeneity of respiratory disease in children and young adults with sickle cell disease

Thorax ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 575-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Lunt ◽  
Lucy Mortimer ◽  
David Rees ◽  
Sue Height ◽  
Swee Lay Thein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Sickle Cell Disease ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Sickle Cell ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Serum Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Restrictive Lung Disease ◽  
Children And Young Adults

To detect and characterise different phenotypes of respiratory disease in children and young adults with sickle cell disease (SCD), 11 lung function and haematological biomarkers were analysed using k-means cluster analysis in a cohort of 114 subjects with SCD aged between 5 and 27 years. Three clusters were detected: cluster 1 had elevated pulmonary capillary blood volume, mixed obstructive/restrictive lung disease, hypoxia and moderately severe anaemia; cluster 2 were older patients with restrictive lung disease; and cluster 3 were younger patients with obstructive lung disease, elevated serum lactate dehydrogenase and bronchodilator reversibility. These results may inform more personalised management strategies to improve outcomes.

Cytology of Tracheobronchial Aspirates in Horses

1975 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Beech
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Histologic Examination ◽  
Allergic Respiratory Disease

Tracheobronchial aspirates were obtained from 27 normal horses and from 57 horses with respiratory disease. Aspirates from normal horses contained mainly ciliated columnar epithelial cells, mononuclear cells, a few neutrophils and mucus. Aspirates from horses with acute suppurative bronchopneumonias or chronic bronchiolitis had predominantly neutrophils and usually large amounts of mucus; in severe suppurative inflammatory diseases, many of the cells were degenerated, and there were coils of fibrinous material resembling Curschmann's spirals. Eosinophils were rarely found, even from horses with histories suggestive of allergic respiratory disease. Aspirates from horses with epistaxis frequently had macrophages with intracytoplasmic green globules (hemosiderin). Tracheobronchial aspirates occasionally revealed subclinical lung disease. Four horses with no clinical signs of lung disease and lungs that were unremarkable on percussion and normal on auscultation had aspirates suggestive of inflammation; histologic examination confirmed bronchiolitis.

scholarly journals Vaccine Prevention of Paediatric Chronic Lung Disease: Targeting Haemophilus

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Parkes ◽  
KA O Grady
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccination ◽  
Future Research ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Early Results

Abstract Background Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease (CSLD) is an emerging term encompassing a spectrum of chronic childhood respiratory disease. Characterised by early and severe infections and recurrent exacerbations, it is associated with progressive deterioration in lung function and quality of life. CSLD is highly unequally distributed and largely preventable, and is a major contributor to the global burden of chronic paediatric respiratory disease. Relatively few pathogens comprise the main culprit organisms identified in the aetiology of CSLD, over which Non-Typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) predominates. Methods We review developments that establish the role of NTHi in disease progression, focusing on high-risk population subgroups with an established CSLD burden. We consider current studies examining the role of prenatal NTHi and pneumococcal vaccination in preventing CSLD through reducing infections in high-risk populations, and discuss current directions in future research, including the need for precise identification of the pulmonary microbiome in CSLD. Results Early, repeated NTHi infections are clearly implicated in the aetiology of CLSD. Early results of current studies indicate NTHi vaccination may reduce the frequency of causal infections in high-risk groups. Clinical and immunological data show vaccination also reduces frequency of exacerbations and antibiotic usage in CSLD. Conclusions We provide the first clinical and immunological data for H. influenzae vaccination in children with CSLD. Targeted vaccination strategies may prevent CSLD establishment, slow progression, and potentially reduce morbidity, healthcare presentations and antibiotic consumption. This implicates vaccination as a potential aid in both antimicrobial stewardship and prevention of chronic disease. In the face of threats posed to health systems by antimicrobial resistance and the growing burden of chronic disease, vaccination is again emerging as a uniquely powerful public health tool. Key messages Hi vaccination can reduce infective exacerbations and antibiotic use in children with CSL. Vaccines may have a role in preventing chronic disease progression and reducing antibiotic reliance.

scholarly journals Antecedents of chronic lung disease following three patterns of early respiratory disease in preterm infants

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (2) ◽  
pp. F114-F120 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Laughon ◽  
C. Bose ◽  
E. N. Allred ◽  
T. M. O'Shea ◽  
R. A. Ehrenkranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Chronic Lung Disease
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