scholarly journals Evolution of a comprehensive tobacco control programme: building system capacity and strategic partnerships---lessons from Massachusetts

2000 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Robbins
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Strategic Partnerships ◽  
Building System

scholarly journals Hardening or softening? An observational study of changes to the prevalence of hardening indicators in Victoria, Australia, 2001–2016

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-054937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Brennan ◽  
Elizabeth M Greenhalgh ◽  
Sarah J Durkin ◽  
Michelle M Scollo ◽  
Linda Hayes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Smoking Prevalence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Quit Attempt ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Demographic Subgroups ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Random Digit Dialling

BackgroundThe hardening hypothesis predicts that as smoking prevalence declines, remaining smokers will be more heavily addicted to nicotine and/or less interested in quitting. We tested this hypothesis in a population exposed to a comprehensive tobacco control programme over a 16-year period.MethodsAnnual cross-sectional surveys randomly sampled adults (aged 26+) in the state of Victoria, Australia, between 2001 and 2016. Until 2010, participants were recruited through random digit dialling to landline telephones; from 2011, sampling frames also included mobile phones. Logistic regressions assessed changes over time in the prevalence of smoking and each hardening indicator; additional models examined interactions by sex, age, education and socioeconomic status.ResultsSmoking prevalence declined significantly between 2001 and 2016 (20.1%–13.0%), as did the prevalence of seven hardening indicators: daily smoking, heavy consumption, no quit attempt in the past 5 years or past 12 months, no intention to quit in the next 6 months or next 30 days, and happiness to keep smoking. In addition, the proportion of smokers defined as ‘hardcore’ decreased from 17.2% to 9.1%. On the whole, hardening indicators decreased to a similar extent among demographic subgroups.ConclusionsThese results are inconsistent with the hardening hypothesis. Rather, they suggest that a comprehensive tobacco control programme that combines provision of cessation support to individual smokers with implementation of population-level interventions to drive all smokers towards quitting, can successfully reduce both smoking prevalence and levels of dependence and desire to keep smoking among the remaining population of smokers.

scholarly journals Impact of India's National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurang P. Nazar ◽  
Swati Srivastava ◽  
Kiara Chang ◽  
Neil Pearce ◽  
Anup Karan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Difference In Differences

scholarly journals Impact of India’s National Tobacco Control Programme on bidi and cigarette consumption: a difference-in-differences analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaurang P Nazar ◽  
Kiara C-M Chang ◽  
Swati Srivastava ◽  
Neil Pearce ◽  
Anup Karan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Control Programme ◽  
Cigarette Consumption ◽  
Mortality Reduction ◽  
Consumer Expenditure ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Cross Sectional

BackgroundDespite the importance of decreasing tobacco use to achieve mortality reduction targets of the Sustainable Development Goals in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), evaluations of tobacco control programmes in these settings are scarce. We assessed the impacts of India’s National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP), as implemented in 42 districts during 2007–2009, on household-reported consumption of bidis and cigarettes.MethodsSecondary analysis of cross-sectional data from nationally representative Household Consumer Expenditure Surveys (1999–2000; 2004–2005 and 2011–2012). Outcomes were: any bidi/cigarette consumption in the household and monthly consumption of bidi/cigarette sticks per person. A difference-in-differences two-part model was used to compare changes in bidi/cigarette consumption between NTCP intervention and control districts, adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics and time-based heterogeneity.FindingsThere was an overall decline in household-reported bidi and cigarette consumption between 1999–2000 and 2011–2012. However, compared with control districts, NTCP districts had no significantly different reductions in the proportions of households reporting bidi (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.03, 95% CI: 0.84 to 1.28) or cigarette (AOR: 1.01 to 95% CI: 0.82 to 1.26) consumption, or for the monthly per person consumption of bidi (adjusted coefficient: 0.07, 95% CI: −0.13 to 0.28) or cigarette (adjusted coefficient: −0.002, 95% CI: −0.26 to 0.26) sticks among bidi/cigarette consuming households.InterpretationOur findings indicate that early implementation of the NTCP may not have produced reductions in tobacco use reflecting generally poor performance against the Framework Convention for Tobacco Control objectives in India. This study highlights the importance of strengthening the implementation and enforcement of tobacco control policies in LMICs to achieve national and international child health and premature NCD mortality reduction targets.

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