scholarly journals Associations between Mycoplasma genitalium, Chlamydia trachomatis, and pelvic inflammatory disease

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Simms
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium

scholarly journals Mycoplasma Genitalium Among Women With Nongonococcal, Nonchlamydial Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine L. Haggerty ◽  
Patricia A. Totten ◽  
Sabina G. Astete ◽  
Roberta B. Ness
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Pelvic Organ ◽  
Etiologic Agent ◽  
Surface Epithelium ◽  
Pilot Sample

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is a frequent condition of young women, often resulting in reproductive morbidity. Although Neisseria gonorrhoeae and/or Chlamydia trachomatis are/is recovered from approximately a third to a half of women with PID, the etiologic agent is often unidentified. We need PCR to test for M genitalium among a pilot sample of 50 women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial endometritis enrolled in the PID evaluation and clinical health (PEACH) study. All participants had pelvic pain, pelvic organ tenderness, and leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated cervicitis. Endometritis was defined as≥5 surface epithelium neutrophils per×400field absent of menstrual endometrium and/or≥2 stromal plasma cells per×120field. We detected M genitalium in 7 (14%) of the women tested: 6 (12%) in cervical specimens and 4 (8%) in endometrial specimens. We conclude that M genitalium is prevalent in the endometrium of women with nongonococcal, nonchlamydial PID.

Pelvic inflammatory disease associated with Chlamydia trachomatis but not Mycoplasma genitalium in New Zealand

Sexual Health ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeannie Oliphant ◽  
Sunita Azariah
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Sexual Health ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sexual Health Service ◽  
Relevant Variables

Background There is a paucity of studies looking at associations between Mycoplasma genitalium and pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of M. genitalium in women attending a sexual health service in New Zealand and secondly to examine for an association of M. genitalium with PID. Methods: Women consecutively attending the service for a sexual health screen (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Trichomonas vaginalis) were recruited to establish a baseline prevalence of M. genitalium. An extra cervical swab was taken for the detection of M. genitalium. Recruitment of additional women with a clinical diagnosis of PID continued until a sufficient sample size was obtained to examine the association of PID with M. genitalium. Women in the baseline sample without PID were used as the control group. Results: The control group included 250 women, with M. genitalium diagnosed in 8.7% (95% CI 5.8–12.9%) and C. trachomatis in 9.9% (95% CI 6.8–14.2%). Ninety-one women were recruited with PID; M. genitalium was diagnosed in 9.9% (95% CI 5.3–17.7%) and C. trachomatis in 27.5% (95% CI 19.4–37.4%). Multivariate analysis using clinically relevant variables showed that a diagnosis of C. trachomatis (OR 2.44, 95% CI 1.24–4.81) but not M. genitalium (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.38–2.20) was significantly associated with a PID diagnosis. Conclusions: M. genitalium was almost as commonly diagnosed as C. trachomatis in this population. C. trachomatis was the only infection that was significantly associated with PID.

scholarly journals Mycoplasma genitaliumincidence, persistence, concordance between partners and progression: systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Cina ◽  
Lukas Baumann ◽  
Dianne Egli-Gany ◽  
Florian S Halbeisen ◽  
Hammad Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Sexual Partners ◽  
Sexually Transmitted

ABSTRACTBackgroundMycoplasma genitaliumis increasingly seen as an emerging sexually transmitted pathogen, and has been likened toChlamydia trachomatis, but its natural history is poorly understood. The objectives of this systematic review were to determineM. genitaliumincidence, persistence, concordance between sexual partners, and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).MethodsWe searched Medline, EMBASE, LILACS, IndMed and African Index Medicus from 1 January 1981 until 17 March 2018. Two independent researchers screened studies for inclusion and extracted data. We examined results in forest plots, assessed heterogeneity and conducted meta-analysis where appropriate. Risk of bias was assessed for all studies.ResultsWe screened 4634 records and included 17 studies; five (4100 women) reported on incidence, five (636 women) on persistence, 10 (1346 women and men) on concordance and three (5139 women) on PID. Incidence in women in two very highly developed countries was 1.07 per 100 person-years (95% CI, 0.61 to 1.53, I2 0%). Median persistence ofM. genitaliumwas estimated from one to three months in four studies but 15 months in one study. In ten studies measuringM. genitaliuminfection status in couples, 39-50% of male or female sexual partners of infected participants also hadM. genitaliumdetected. In prospective studies, the incidence of PID was higher in women withM. genitaliumthan those without (RR 1.68, 95% CI 0.59 to 2.77, I20%, 2 studies).DiscussionBased on findings from this and our linked review of prevalence, concordantM. genitaliummight be less common than forC. trachomatisand the age distributions of the infections differ. The synthesised data about prevalence, incidence and persistence ofM. genitaliuminfection are inconsistent. Taken together with evidence about antimicrobial resistance in the two infections,M. genitaliumis not the new chlamydia.Registration NumbersPROSPERO: CRD42015020420, CRD42015020405KEY MESSAGESThere are calls for widespread screening forMycoplasma genitalium, but the natural history of this emerging sexually transmitted pathogen is poorly understood.M. genitaliumincidence was 1.07 (95% confidence intervals, CI 0.61 to 1.53) per 100-person years in women in highly developed countries, 39-50% of infected individuals had a heterosexual partner withM. genitaliumand the risk ratio for pelvic inflammatory disease was 1.68 (95% CI 0.59 to 2.77).The duration of untreatedM. genitaliuminfection is probably longer than persistent detection ofM. genitalium, as measured in most cohort studies, in which inadvertent treatment cannot be ruled out.The results of this systematic review and other evidence sources show important differences in the epidemiology and dynamics ofM. genitaliumandChlamydia trachomatisinfection.

Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium prevalence and associated factors among women presenting to a pregnancy termination and contraception clinic, 2009–2019

2021 ◽  
pp. sextrans-2020-054695
Author(s):  
Hannah S Shilling ◽  
Suzanne M Garland ◽  
Anna-Maria Costa ◽  
Alex Marceglia ◽  
Katherine Fethers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Pregnancy Termination ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Causal Link ◽  
Macrolide Resistance ◽  
Shared Risk

BackgroundRisk of pelvic inflammatory disease associated with Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium is increased after termination of pregnancy (TOP) and may be increased after insertion of intrauterine devices (IUDs). Screening prior to these procedures is recommended only for C. trachomatis. We examined C. trachomatis and M. genitalium prevalence and associated factors among women presenting to a pregnancy termination and contraception service over 10 years.MethodsRetrospective analysis of clinical data collected from 17 573 women aged 15–45 years in 2009–2019 and for 266 M. genitalium positive women tested for macrolide resistance-associated mutations in 2016–2019.ResultsC. trachomatis and M. genitalium prevalence was 3.7% and 3.4%, respectively. In multivariable analyses, shared risk factors were younger age (p<0.001, for both C. trachomatis and M. genitalium), socioeconomic disadvantage (p=0.045 and p=0.008, respectively) and coinfection (p<0.001, for both sexually transmitted infections), with 10.1% of C. trachomatis positive women also positive for M. genitalium. Additional risk factors were earlier year of visit (p=0.001) for C. trachomatis and for M. genitalium residing outside a major city (p=0.013). The proportion of M. genitalium infections tested between 2016 and 2019 with macrolide resistance-associated mutations was 32.7%.ConclusionsGiven the high level of antimicrobial resistance and the prevalence of coinfection, testing C. trachomatis positive women for M. genitalium could be considered in this setting to prevent further spread of resistant infections. Further research is required into the causal link between M. genitalium and pelvic inflammatory disease in women undergoing TOP and IUD insertion.

Trichomonas vaginalis, endometritis and sequelae among women with clinically suspected pelvic inflammatory disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (6) ◽  
pp. 436-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann E Wiringa ◽  
Roberta B Ness ◽  
Toni Darville ◽  
Richard H Beigi ◽  
Catherine L Haggerty
Keyword(s):  
Chlamydia Trachomatis ◽  
Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽  
Pelvic Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Disease ◽  
Trichomonas Vaginalis ◽  
Mycoplasma Genitalium ◽  
Wet Mount ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Participants

ObjectiveTo ascertain the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis and investigate associations between trichomoniasis, endometritis and sequelae among women with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID).MethodsWe assessed the prevalence of trichomoniasis identified via wet mount and its association with histologically confirmed endometritis, infertility and recurrent PID among 647 women in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) study. Participants were treated for clinically suspected PID and followed for a mean of 84 months for incident sequelae. Analyses were adjusted for age, race, Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium and bacterial vaginosis. Additional adjustments were incorporated for history of infertility (models of pregnancy and infertility), history of PID (recurrent PID), and self-reported partner treatment and intercourse between baseline and 30-day follow-up (persistent endometritis).ResultsT. vaginalis was present in the vagina of 12.8% of women. The odds of having endometritis at baseline were twice as high among women with trichomoniasis as compared with those without (adjusted OR (AOR): 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.3). Persistent endometritis was highly prevalent at 30 days (52.1%) and more common among women with baseline trichomoniasis (AOR: 2.6, 95% CI 0.7 to 10.1), although non-significantly. Infertility and recurrent PID were more common among women with trichomoniasis, while rates of pregnancy and live birth were lower.ConclusionsT. vaginalis was frequently isolated from the vagina of women with PID in the PEACH cohort. Wet mount microscopy for the identification of motile trichomonads was standard practice at the time of the PEACH study, but likely resulted in an underestimation of true T. vaginalis prevalence. Our findings of modest, although non-significant, prospective associations between trichomoniasis and sequelae are novel and underscore the need for additional investigation into whether T. vaginalis may play an aetiological role in adverse reproductive and gynaecological outcomes.

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