Diagnosis, progression, prognostic indication and classification of periodontal disease: A review (Part 1)

1994 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-16
Author(s):  
C R Priestland
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Systemic Diseases ◽  
Historical Evidence ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
The Third

AbstractThis review is divided into a series of three papers. In the first, the prevalence of periodontal disease and the diagnostic problems in screening for high risk groups of patients will be reviewed. The difficulties encountered in differentiating between disease activity and historical evidence of past disease will also be considered along with the wide variation in disease progression rates. Having discussed diagnosis and disease activity markers, an accepted classification of periodontal diseases will be described. In the second paper, those periodontal diseases described as Gingivitis will be discussed. Finally in the third paper, Periodontitis will be reviewed with some emphasis being placed on the involvement of the periodontal tissues in systemic diseases.

scholarly journals DIAGNOSTIC AND PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF MICROBIAL FLORA IMBALANCE IN GINGIVAL BIOFILM

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
G. A. Loban ◽  
T. O. Petrushanko ◽  
V. V. Chereda ◽  
M. O. Faustova ◽  
M. M. Ananieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Prognostic Significance ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Dental Tissues ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Dmf Index ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Hard Dental Tissues

Background. Periodontal tissues inflammatory diseases are widespread among young people. Objective. This study was aimed at elaborating the method to assess risks of periodontal inflammatory diseases and determining its efficacy depending on the state of dental tissues, gum tissues and sex.          Methods. The study included 182 students (93 men, 89 women) aged 19-29: 22 individuals had no lesions of hard dental tissues and no signs of periodontal disease; 51 individuals were found to have DMF index <6; 52 individuals – DMF index ≥6; 57 individuals were diagnosed with chronic catarrhal gingivitis. Primary groups were formed in autumn; re-examination was carried in spring. The research participants were assessed for detection of risks of periodontal inflammatory disease by the method developes by the authors (Patent UA 54041). Results. The study revealed that the risk of development of preiodontitis increases in individuals with high caries and gingivitis intensity. In spring, more individuals suffer from microbial imbalance in in the composition of gingival sulcus fluid and decrease in the mean stability coefficient value that indicates an increased risk of inflammatory periodontal disease development. Women were less likely to experience seasonal dysbiotic changes in the gingival sulcus fluid composition compared with men. Conclusions. The method suggested for assessment of the risk of periodontal inflammatory diseases is of high informativeness. It allows clinicians detecting early pre-nosological signs of oral microbiocenosis imbalance that enhances the effectiveness of early diagnosis of inflammatory periodontal diseases.

Detection of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases. Clinical assessment of the periodontium*

1988 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 403-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Griffiths ◽  
J. M. A. Wilton ◽  
M. A. Curtis ◽  
M. F. J. Maiden ◽  
I. R. Gillett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Clinical Assessment ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Risk Groups

Validation of a Novel Tissue Array Based Classification of Multiple Myeloma (MM).

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1671-1671
Author(s):  
Nizar J Bahlis ◽  
Alex Klimowicz ◽  
Paola Neri ◽  
Anthony Magliocco ◽  
Douglas A. Stewart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Protein Array ◽  
Immunoperoxidase Staining ◽  
Initial Testing ◽  
Independent Validation

Abstract Background: Gene expression profiling molecular classification of MM was proven to be an independent predictor of survival post autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT); however it had limited clinical applicability due to its complex methodology and high costs. We have previously reported the results of a protein-array based classification of MM in an initial testing cohort and concluded that positive immunoperoxidase staining for FGFR3, Cyclin B2 or Integrin beta7 correlates with a shortened survival post ASCT (Bahlis et al. Blood2007:110:449a). We now report on the results of this TMA classification in a larger and independent validation cohort. Methods: Immunoperoxidase staining for Cyclins B1, B2, D1, D2 and D3, FGFR3, PAX5 and Integrin beta 7 were previously validated in our initial testing cohort (n=52). Further analysis of our initial testing cohort identified 3 risk groups: positive expression of FGFR3 or Integrin beta 7 defined as “High risk”, positive Cyclin B2 (in the absence of FGFR3 or Integrin beta 7) as “Intermediate risk” and the lack of expression of any of these biomarkers defined as “Low risk”. In order to confirm the predictive value of our proposed protein-array classification, these immunohistochemical (IHC) stains were performed on the bone marrow biopsies of a larger and independent validation cohort of 79 newly diagnosed MM patients uniformly treated with a dexamethasone based regimen followed by ASCT. The clinical parameters, response criteria and survival outcomes (TTP and OS) of this validation cohort were defined according to the international uniform response criteria. For IHC analysis two pathologists who were blinded with regards to the clinical outcome of these patients scored the cases independently as positive or negative. Discordance in their scoring was seen in 20/79 (25.7%) with a consensus scoring reassigned to all of these cases. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate OS and TTP. Multivariate analysis was performed using the Cox regression method. Figure Figure Results: 79 patients were included in this validation cohort, the median age was 54.4 yrs (27.9–71), 23.7% had ISS stage III, median beta 2-microglobulin was 3.29 mg/L (1.16–37.5). Del13q and t(4;14) were detected by FISH in 35.6% and 13.6% of patients, respectively. Post ASCT, 68% achieved a CR or VGPR with an overall median TTP and OS of 2.29 years (CI 1.84–2.73) and 5.74 years (CI 4.98–6.51) respectively. Expression of FGFR3 was detected in 7.6% of the patients, cyclin B2 in 58.2% and integrin-beta7 in 17.7%. In univariate analysis expression of FGFR3 was associated with a significantly shorter TTP (P=0.011) but not OS (P=0.114). Similarly integrin-beta7 predicted for a shorter TTP (P=0.008) but not OS (P=0.570). Cyclin B2 also predicted for worse TTP (P=0.047) but not OS (P=0.098), whereas the expression of cyclins D1, D2, D3 and PAX5 did not affect survival. Based on our testing cohort definition of risk groups, 18/79 (22.8%) were considered as “High risk” with significantly shorter TTP 0.93 years (CI 0.74–1.12) compared to 2.29 years (CI 1.88–2.69) and 3.35 years (CI 2.51–4.19) for the “Intermediate” (34/79; 43%) and “Low” (27/79; 34.2%) risk groups respectively (P=0.002). The 5-years estimates for OS was 57.1% for the High-risk group compared to 66.3% and 71.6% for the Intermediate and Low risk group respectively (P=0.258). Multivariate analysis was performed using ISS, del13q and the TMA risk group classification as variables. The TMA classification and del 13q were the only independent predictors of TTP with the high-risk group having 3.4 fold greater risk of relapse (P=0.001). Conclusion: We have validated our protein array based classification of Multiple Myeloma and confirmed its survival predictive value post ASCT. MM patients with the High-risk signature should be spared the toxicity of ASCT and considered instead for other frontline novel therapeutic agents.

scholarly journals Serbian lymphoma study group: Demografic characteristics of 257 patients with follicular lymphoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-488
Author(s):  
Olivera Simonovic ◽  
Lana Macukanovic-Golubovic ◽  
Bosko Andjelic ◽  
Darko Antic ◽  
Biljana Mihaljevic
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Follicular Lymphoma ◽  
International Prognostic Index ◽  
Prognostic Index ◽  
Treatment Decision ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Intermediate Risk ◽  
Prognostic Groups

Background/Aim. Follicular lymphoma (FL) is a B-cell tumor usually with indolent clinical course, yet in some cases the course of the disease can be very aggressive. The aim of the re-search was to determine distribution of patients into prognostic groups based on the International Prognostic Index (IPI) and Folicular Lymphoma International Prognostic Index (FLIPI) criteria, as well as to determine the importance of classifying patients into the prognostic groups, since this could potentially have the influence on selection of the treatment modality. Methods. The retrospective study was performed on 257 patients with follicular lymphoma diagnosed between January 2000 and April 2011. Results. Based on the IPI score, 153 (59.53%) patients had low risk, 57 (22.18%) low intermediate risk, 15 (5.84%) high intermediate risk, 9 (3.50%) high risk, whereas the classification of 23 patients diagnosed with FL remained with unknown risk according to the IPI. Based on the FLIPI prognostic index, 113 (43.97%) patients had low risk, 70 (27.24%) intermediate risk and 51 (19.84%) high risk, whereas the classification of 23 (8.95%) patients remained unknown. On the basis of the FLIPI 2 prognostic index, 48 (18.68%) patients had low risk, 145 (56.42%) intermediate risk and 41 (15.95%) high risk. The classification into prognostic groups for 23 (8.95%) patients remained unknown. According to the IPI, FLIPI and FLIPI 2 there were the patients that required treatment in all the risk groups. Conclusion. The FLIPI and FLIPI 2 effectively identify patients at high risk, thus helping in treatment decision for each single patient.

scholarly journals A New Classification of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid S. Al-Fouzan
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Clinical Classification ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Appropriate Treatment ◽  
Simultaneous Existence ◽  
Endodontic Disease

The interrelationship between periodontal and endodontic disease has always aroused confusion, queries, and controversy. Differentiating between a periodontal and an endodontic problem can be difficult. A symptomatic tooth may have pain of periodontal and/or pulpal origin. The nature of that pain is often the first clue in determining the etiology of such a problem. Radiographic and clinical evaluation can help clarify the nature of the problem. In some cases, the influence of pulpal pathology may cause the periodontal involvement and vice versa. The simultaneous existence of pulpal problems and inflammatory periodontal disease can complicate diagnosis and treatment planning. An endo-perio lesion can have a varied pathogenesis which ranges from simple to relatively complex one. The differential diagnosis of endodontic and periodontal diseases can sometimes be difficult, but it is of vital importance to make a correct diagnosis for providing the appropriate treatment. This paper aims to discuss a modified clinical classification to be considered for accurately diagnosing and treating endo-perio lesion.

Detection of high-risk groups and individuals for periodontal diseases:

1989 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Curtis ◽  
I. R. Gillett ◽  
G. S. Griffiths ◽  
M. F. J. Maiden ◽  
J. A. C. Sterne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Risk Groups

scholarly journals SOME ASPECTS OF THE EATIOLOGY OF PARODONTUS DISEASES. (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2018 ◽  
pp. 54-59
Author(s):  
N.N. Saveleva ◽  
I.I. Sokolova ◽  
S.I. German ◽  
T.V. Tomilina
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pathological Process ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Periodontal Tissues

The review of the scientific literature is devoted to the topical issues of studying the etiology of periodontal diseases, which are one of the most common and complex pathologies of the maxillofacial region. Analysis of recent studies proves a stable relationship between the development of periodontal diseases and disorders in the immune system, the neurohumoral system, metabolic disorders, genetic predisposition, and so on. The article presents the data obtained in the course of studying the literature on the role of disorders in the functioning of individual organs (gastrointestinal tract, liver, lungs, heart, and urinary system) in the development of chronic periodontal diseases. The article notes that the anatomical and physiological proximity of the periodontal and digestive tract tissues, the generality of innervation and humoral regulation create prerequisites for the involvement of periodontal disease in the pathological process in diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. One of the main etiological factors in the development of inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and periodontium is Helicobacter pylori, which is found in the loci of the oral cavity: in the oral and gingival fluid, on the mucous membrane of the tongue and cheeks, and in the periodontal pockets. It is pointed out that the liver also occupies a special place in the development of periodontal diseases, which is explained by the performance of its significant functions for the human body: regulatory, metabolic, antitoxic and other. There is evidence that the pathology of periodontal disease plays a leading role in the structure of dental diseases in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, which is clinically manifested by symptoms of generalized periodontitis of the І-ІІ degrees of development and its complications - partial or complete secondary adentia, and with tooth preservation - defects in dental series and violations of occlusion, function, aesthetics. Scientists suggest a general biological mechanism for the development of generalized periodontitis and cardiovascular diseases, linking the development of periodontal diseases in patients with cardiovascular pathology with microcirculatory disorders. The dependence of the severity of inflammatory changes in the periodontal tissues on the disturbances of salt metabolism in urolithiasis is proved. The data obtained indicate that diseases of the internal organs contribute to the structural damage of periodontal tissues and they are a risk factor for periodontal diseases, which necessitate the presence of not only theoretical knowledge and practical skills in dentistry, but also their awareness of the features and clinical manifestations of somatic pathology. An urgent and justified step in the treatment of periodontal diseases is also the involvement in the process of rendering complex dental care to internist doctors capable of quickly and qualitatively assessment the condition of the internal organs and the basic systems of the patient's body.

scholarly journals CONDITIONS OF THE ORAL CAVITY STATUS IN YOUTH WITH ALIMENTARY-CONSTITUTIONAL FORM OF OBESITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
M. Skrypnyk ◽  
T. Petrushanko ◽  
T. Kryvoruchko ◽  
K. Neporada
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Mild Degree ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Second Degree

Obesity prevalence has significantly increased especially in young adults, which is caused by a particular lifestyle, food quality and dietary behavior. Obesity leads to development of huge array of comorbid conditions such as arterial hypertonia, heart stroke, arthritis and other diseases. We conducted standard clinical examination of oral cavity of 154 young patients (18-21 years old) – all of them were students of Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy. It has been determined that the majority of patients with BMI >30 kg/cm2 have aggravated family heredity, in 66,2% cases one parent of obese students had obesity and 32,43% patients have both parents with obesity that is significantly higher compared with persons with normal BMI and overweight. There was a high prevalence of periodontal diseases about 74% and carious lesions of teeth - 97.4% among young people despite the age and contingent of examined patients - medical students. In patients with BMI >30 kg/cm2 prevalence of generalized forms of gingivitis and periodontitis was by three times higher compared with individuals with normal BMI. The values of oral hygienic indexes were poor in all examined groups, but their values were slightly lower in patients with normal BMI than in those with overweight and obesity. The prevalence of inflammatory changes in gums was higher in persons with obesity: all of them had a mild degree of lesions in periodontal tissues. Inflammatory processes in the gums were the most intense in patients with the second degree of obesity. According to the results of the study, the presence of the first and the second degree of obesity should be considered as a risk factor triggering periodontal tissues diseases. For persons with BMI >30 kg/cm2 with periodontal disease measures for the secondary prevention of inflammatory and inflammatory dystrophic periodontal diseases should be carried out and in persons without periodontal disease on the background of obesity measures primary prevention should be done.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of expression of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factors) in periodontal tissues of healthy, chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients: an immunohistochemical study

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 784-788
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Inflammatory Status

Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vascularized supporting tissues of the teeth. Angiogenesis (neovascularization) is the budding of new capillaries and is thought to be an essential process in the development of chronic inflammatory diseases. Inflamed tissues (such as gingiva coincident in periodontal disease) have evidence of enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators, many of which can promote angiogenesis. Of the various cytokines and growth factors that are involved in angiogenesis, the most potent agent that acts specifically on vascular epithelium is Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor. Even though angiogenesis is a prominent feature of both inflammation and healing, information about its role in periodontal lesions is limited. Hence the aim of the present study was the immunohistochemical evaluation of the expression of VEGF in the gingival tissues of chronic and aggressive periodontitis patients compared to the healthy controls. The present study was carried out in a total of 45 subjects with age range of 18-55 years, reporting to the Department of Periodontology, Rajarajeswari Dental College and Hospital, Bangalore. Gingival tissue samples were collected from all the 45 subjects and categorized into three groups based on their clinical findings as follows: Group 1 (Healthy), Group II (Chronic Periodontitis), Group III (Aggressive Periodontitis). Following sample collection, immunohistochemical staining of tissues was carried out and evaluation was done to compare the grades of expression of VEGF in the three groups. The expression of VEGF in blood vessels was also quantitatively evaluated. The results were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis ANOVA and Mann Whitney test. There was a statistically significant higher expression of VEGF in both chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis group as compared to the control group. Aggressive periodontitis cases showed higher grades of expression of VEGF compared to the chronic periodontitis cases and healthy controls. However, the difference in expression of VEGF was not statistically significant between the two forms of periodontitis. The presence of VEGF in both chronic and aggressive periodontitis clearly indicates the potent role played by VEGF as an inflammatory agent in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Thus, VEGF might be used as a potential vascular marker for the assessment of severity and inflammatory status in periodontal disease.

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