scholarly journals Psychiatric morbidity: a multilevel approach to regional variations in the UK.

1995 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Duncan ◽  
K Jones ◽  
G Moon
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Multilevel Approach ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
The Uk

scholarly journals Prevalence of mental disorders in prisons in the UK: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S283-S284
Author(s):  
Nivedita Rebbapragada ◽  
Vivek Furtado ◽  
George William Hawker-Bond
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Prison Population ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Revolving Door ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
The Uk

AimsTo report pooled prevalence of all mental disorders among the general prison population in the United Kingdom (UK). This includes individuals in Young Offender Institutions (YOI), youth custody and adult prisons across all categories. A secondary aim explores possible sources of heterogeneity by performing subgroup and meta-regression analysis across certain covariates (e.g. sex of prisoner). We hypothesise that contemporary estimates of mental disorders are higher than the general population.BackgroundPrevalence of mental health problems among prisoners are considerably higher than the general population; this poses an important public health concern. Individuals who require diversion to appropriate psychiatric services are becoming embroiled in the revolving door of the criminal justice system. However, there are no up-to-date reviews assessing prevalence of mental disorders across the general prison population in the UK. This study aims to address this gap.MethodWe conducted a systematic search of PsycINFO (1923 – October 2019), MEDLINE (1946 – October 2019), EMBASE (1947 – October 2019) and Web of Science (all years) of articles reporting prevalence of mental disorders in UK prison populations (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42019132685). The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data assessed study quality and bias. Pooled prevalence of each mental disorder was calculated using Stata statistical software 16.0 via the metaprop command. Forest plots present prevalence estimates with study weights and associated 95% confidence intervals (CI). Overall, 20 studies satisfied inclusion criteria, comprising of 12,335 prisoners across England, Wales and Scotland.ResultWe identified higher rates of neurotic disorders (28.9%, 95% CI 0.71–74.7%), personality disorders (23.5%, 95% CI 13.6–35.2%), alcohol (22.7%, 95% CI 12.2–35.1%) and drug dependence (26.7%, 95% CI 15.0–40.4%). The lowest prevalence rates included schizophrenia (2.42%, 95% CI 0.78–4.84%), panic disorders (3.88%, 95% CI 3.17% – 4.64%), adjustment disorders (3.83%, 95% CI 1.19–7.84%) and intellectual disability (2.90%, 95% CI 0.90–5.80%). Meta-regressions for psychotic disorder and personality disorder revealed no significant differences across study year, sample size and gender.ConclusionOur prevalence estimates of mental disorders in prisons are higher than the general English population. However, we should acknowledge the influence of considerable heterogeneity. These findings demonstrate the need to quantify current prevalence of mental disorders amongst prisoners in the UK. We recommend for the government to consider performing an up-to-date census of psychiatric morbidity to facilitate service provision.

scholarly journals Socio-economic position and common mental disorders

2006 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Scott Weich ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Nicola Singleton ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Common Mental Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Longitudinal Association ◽  
Economic Position ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundIndividuals in lower socio-economic groups have an increased prevalence of common mental disorders.AimsTo investigate the longitudinal association between socio-economic position and common mental disorders in a general population sample in the UK.MethodParticipants (n=2406) were assessed at two time points 18 months apart with the Revised Clinical Interview Schedule. The sample was stratified into two cohorts according to mental health status at baseline.ResultsNone of the socio-economic indicators studied was significantly associated with an episode of common mental disorder at follow-up after adjusting for baseline psychiatric morbidity. The analysis of separate diagnostic categories showed that subjective financial difficulties at baseline were independently associated with depression at follow-up in both cohorts.ConclusionsThese findings support the view that apart from objective measures of socio-economic position, more subjective measures might be equally important from an aetiological or clinical perspective.

scholarly journals Mental health morbidity among people subject to immigration detention in the UK: a feasibility study

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 628-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sen ◽  
J. Arugnanaseelan ◽  
E. Connell ◽  
C. Katona ◽  
A. A. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorder ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Foreign National ◽  
Immigration Detention ◽  
The Uk

Aims.The UK has one of the largest systems of immigration detention in Europe.. Those detained include asylum-seekers and foreign national prisoners, groups with a higher prevalence of mental health vulnerabilities compared with the general population. In light of little published research on the mental health status of detainees in immigration removal centres (IRCs), the primary aim of this study was to explore whether it was feasible to conduct psychiatric research in such a setting. A secondary aim was to compare the mental health of those seeking asylum with the rest of the detainees.Methods.Cross-sectional study with simple random sampling followed by opportunistic sampling. Exclusion criteria included inadequate knowledge of English and European Union nationality. Six validated tools were used to screen for mental health disorders including developmental disorders like Personality Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and Intellectual Disability, as well as for needs assessment. These were the MINI v6, SAPAS, AQ-10, ASRS, LDSQ and CANFOR. Demographic data were obtained using a participant demographic sheet. Researchers were trained in the use of the screening battery and inter-rater reliability assessed by joint ratings.Results.A total of 101 subjects were interviewed. Overall response rate was 39%. The most prevalent screened mental disorder was depression (52.5%), followed by personality disorder (34.7%) and post-traumatic stress disorder (20.8%). 21.8% were at moderate to high suicidal risk. 14.9 and 13.9% screened positive for ASD and ADHD, respectively. The greatest unmet needs were in the areas of intimate relationships (76.2%), psychological distress (72.3%) and sexual expression (71.3%). Overall presence of mental disorder was comparable with levels found in prisons. The numbers in each group were too small to carry out any further analysis.Conclusion.It is feasible to undertake a psychiatric morbidity survey in an IRC. Limitations of the study include potential selection bias, use of screening tools, use of single-site study, high refusal rates, the lack of interpreters and lack of women and children in study sample. Future studies should involve the in-reach team to recruit participants and should be run by a steering group consisting of clinicians from the IRC as well as academics.

Income-related inequality in mental health in Britain: the concentration index approach

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (7) ◽  
pp. 1037-1045 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROSHNI MANGALORE ◽  
MARTIN KNAPP ◽  
RACHEL JENKINS
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Concentration Index ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Demographic Composition ◽  
Related Inequality ◽  
Income Related Inequality ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk

Background. Reduction of health inequalities is a major policy goal in the UK. While there is general recognition of the disadvantaged position of people with mental health problems, the extent of inequality, particularly the association with socio-economic characteristics, has not been widely studied. We aimed to measure income-related inequality in the distribution of psychiatric disorders and to compare with inequality in other health domains.Method. The concentration index (CI) approach was used to examine income-related inequality in mental health using data from the Psychiatric Morbidity Survey 2000 for Britain.Results. There is marked inequality unfavourable to lower income groups with respect to mental health disorders. The extent of inequality increases with the severity of problems, with the greatest inequality observed for psychosis. Income-related inequality for psychiatric disorders is higher than for general health in the UK. Standardized CIs suggest that these inequalities are not due to the demographic composition of the income quintiles.Conclusions. Income-related inequalities exist in mental health in Britain. As much of the observed inequality is probably due to factors associated with income and not due to the demographic composition of the income quintiles, it may be that these inequalities are potentially ‘avoidable’.

scholarly journals A Head and Neck 'Two-Week Wait' Clinic: Cancer Referrals or the Worried Well ?

2012 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Rimmer ◽  
J Watson ◽  
P O'Flynn ◽  
F Vaz
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Neck Cancer ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Initial Symptoms ◽  
Cancer Plan ◽  
The Uk

Head and neck cancer affects approximately 8–15 per 100,000 of the UK population, with marked regional variations. There is good evidence that early detection improves prognosis but unfortunately many of the initial symptoms are often non-specific. In 2000 the NHS Cancer Plan introduced the 'two-week wait'(2WW) rule to increase the speed with which patients with suspected cancer are seen by a specialist.

scholarly journals A psychiatric clinic for the single homeless in a primary care setting in Inner London

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 270-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. L. A. Joseph ◽  
J. A. Bridgewater ◽  
S. S. Ramsden ◽  
D. J. El Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Care Setting ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Primary Care Setting ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Reception Centre

It is well recognised that there is an increased psychiatric morbidity, in particular psychosis, personality disorder and substance abuse, among the single homeless (Lodge Patch et al, 1971). The reasons for this are complex. There is evidence that these people are mentally ill before becoming homeless and that their illness may be a cause of their homelessness. In a study of newly presenting patients at the DHSS Reception Centre in Camberwell, London, Tidmarsh & Wood found that 87% of those with mental illness had been staying recently with their families just before their first hospital admission, suggesting that mental illness may have led to homelessness in these patients (Tidmarsh & Wood, 1972). Although direct evidence is scant in the UK, it is felt that the closure of long-stay psychiatric hospitals could lead to some of their in-patients becoming homeless.

Mental health and psychiatric disorders

2019 ◽  
pp. 398-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J.L. Heron ◽  
Neil Greenberg
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Health Disorders ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Uk

Mental health disorders significantly impact well-being and productivity in the working age population. They affect around 17% of the population and their economic cost has been estimated at £70 billion or 4.5% of gross domestic product in the UK. Mental health conditions are a leading cause of sickness absence with 70 million working days lost per year. Over half of disabled people who are out of work have a mental health and/or musculoskeletal disorder as their main health condition. This chapter considers how work and mental health interrelate, how employers can ensure that their workforce mental health needs are managed, opportunities for productivity maximized, and psychiatric morbidity minimized.

scholarly journals Common mental disorders, subthreshold symptoms and disability: longitudinal study

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dheeraj Rai ◽  
Petros Skapinakis ◽  
Nicola Wiles ◽  
Glyn Lewis ◽  
Ricardo Araya
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Common Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Diagnostic Categories ◽  
Icd 10 ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Aggregate Burden

SummaryIn a representative sample of the UK population we found that common mental disorders (as a group and in ICD–10 diagnostic categories) and subthreshold psychiatric symptoms at baseline were both independently associated with new-onset functional disability and significant days lost from work at 18-month follow-up. Subthreshold symptoms contributed to almost half the aggregate burden of functional disability and over 32 million days lost from work in the year preceding the study. Leaving these symptoms unaccounted for in surveys may lead to gross underestimation of disability related to psychiatric morbidity.

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