scholarly journals Biological Factors affecting Family Size

1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
F. A. E. Crew
Author(s):  
Fang Su ◽  
Bingjie Fan ◽  
Nini Song ◽  
Xue Dong ◽  
Yanxia Wang ◽  
...  

Major public health emergencies would have a negative influence on the psychology of the public, and an effective psychological intervention can help them to relieve some emotions, such as tension and panic. However, differences in individual environments affect people’s psychological intervention demands and intervention mode choices. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical value to analyze and identify the key factors affecting these demands and choices. Based on a nationwide sample of 24,188 respondents from the “Internet Survey of Residents’ Behavioral Changes and Psychological Conditions during the Epidemic,” the different characteristics of public psychological intervention demands and choices under different factors are explored in this paper. The results demonstrate that: (1) the psychological status of Chinese people was relatively stable during the epidemic period, and there were 1016 respondents who had subjective demands for a psychological intervention, (2) age, gender, occupation type, residence, family size, risk perception, psychological status, education level, and fixed expenditure all significantly affect public psychological intervention demands, and (3) risk perception, psychological status, age, gender, and family size will impact the choice of psychological intervention methods. The above results can provide a decision-making basis for the construction of a psychological intervention system in psychological crisis management during the post-epidemic prevention and control period, as well as reference and suggestions for handling psychological stress of similar sudden crisis events in the future.


1994 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kabir ◽  
Ruhul Amin ◽  
Ashraf Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Jamir Chowdhury

SummaryFactors affecting desired family size in rural Bangladesh are examined using data from contraceptive prevalence surveys conducted between 1983 and 1991. The analysis suggests that mothers having two sons and one daughter are more inclined to perceive their family as complete than those having three sons and no daughter. Logistic regression analysis indicates that important determinants of desire for more children are age of woman, current contraceptive use status, work status, and family planning worker's visit. The policy implications of these findings are discussed.


1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 413-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Pust ◽  
Jeanne S. Newman ◽  
Janet Senf ◽  
Esther Stotik

OSEANA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-22
Author(s):  
Triyoni Purbonegoro

FACTORS THAT AFFECTING THE TOXICITY OF POLLUTANTS TO AQUATIC ORGANISMS. There are a large number of pollutants in aquatic environment with various characteristics and factors that can modify and affect the toxicity of pollutants in this environment. The major factors affecting pollutant toxicity include physicochemical properties of pollutants, mode of exposure, time, environmental factors, and biological factors. Moreover, organisms in an aquatic ecosystem are seldom exposed to only single pollutant, and most cases the stress of pollution on aquatic ecosystems is related to the interaction and combined effects of many chemicals. The combined effects may be synergistic or antagonistic, depending on the pollutants and the physiological condition of the organism involved.


1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 803-808
Author(s):  
T W Woodworth ◽  
D T John ◽  
S G Bradley

Naegleria fowleri is a pathogenic amoeboflagellate that can be evoked to transform from amoebae to flagellates by subculture to nonnutrient buffer. More than half of the amoebae of strains KUL, nN68, and Lovell became enflagellated 300 min after subculture to amoeba-saline, whereas no amoebae of strains NF66, NF69, and HB4 did. N. fowleri nN68 enflagellated best when grown at 32 or 37 degrees C and subcultured to amoeba-saline at 37 or 42 degrees C. Amoebae from the stationary phase of growth enflagellated more readily than did actively growing amoebae. Incubation in expended culture medium from stationary-phase cultures enhanced the capability of growing amoebae to enflagellate after subculture to amoebasaline. Enflagellation was more extensive when the population density in amoebasaline did not exceed 2 x 10(5) amoebae per ml. Cycloheximide at 1 microgram/ml and actinomycin D at 25 micrograms/ml inhibited growth of N. fowleri nN68. Cycloheximide at 0.5 microgram/ml and actinomycin D at 25 micrograms/ml completely prevented enflagellation when added at time zero. Cycloheximide at 0.5 microgram/ml, added 120 to 300 min after initiation of enflagellation, prevented further differentiation and caused existing flagellates to revert to amoeboid cells. Similarly, actinomycin D at 25 micrograms/ml, added 90 to 300 min after initiation of enflagellation, retarded differentiation and caused flagellates to revert. Radiolabeled precursors were incorporated into macromolecules during differentiation in nonnutrient buffer. Enflagellation of N. fowleri is a suitable model for studying regulation of a eucaryotic protist.


1969 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alain Carpentier ◽  
Guy Lemaigre ◽  
Ladislas Robert ◽  
Sophie Carpentier ◽  
Charles Dubost ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Michael E. Colvin ◽  
Frederick T. Hatch ◽  
James S. Felton

2001 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Glynn Tillman

Biological factors hypothesized to affect parasitization by Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), an endoparasitoid of larvae of the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), as well as its sex ratio, were examined in the laboratory. Highest parasitization occurred when (1) adult female parasitoids were closely associated with hosts, (2) adult female parasitoids were 1 day old, (3) a host:female parasitoid ratio of between 10:1 and 30:1 was maintained, (4) second-instar beet armyworms were used as hosts, and (5) adult female parasitoids were exposed to hosts for 24 h. Percentage of female progeny was higher when females were closely associated with second instars.


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