scholarly journals Direct healthcare costs of sedentary behaviour in the UK

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 (7) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonie Heron ◽  
Ciaran O'Neill ◽  
Helen McAneney ◽  
Frank Kee ◽  
Mark A Tully
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Sedentary Behaviour ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Double Counting ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Direct Healthcare Costs ◽  
The Uk

BackgroundGrowing evidence indicates that prolonged sedentary behaviour increases the risk of several chronic health conditions and all-cause mortality. Sedentary behaviour is prevalent among adults in the UK. Quantifying the costs associated with sedentary behaviour is an important step in the development of public health policy.MethodsNational Health Service (NHS) costs associated with prolonged sedentary behaviour (≥6 hours/day) were estimated over a 1-year period in 2016–2017 costs. We calculated a population attributable fraction (PAF) for five health outcomes (type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease [CVD], colon cancer, endometrial cancer and lung cancer). Adjustments were made for potential double-counting due to comorbidities. We also calculated the avoidable deaths due to prolonged sedentary behaviour using the PAF for all-cause mortality.ResultsThe total NHS costs attributable to prolonged sedentary behaviour in the UK in 2016–2017 were £0.8 billion, which included expenditure on CVD (£424 million), type 2 diabetes (£281 million), colon cancer (£30 million), lung cancer (£19 million) and endometrial cancer (£7 million). After adjustment for potential double-counting, the estimated total was £0.7 billion. If prolonged sedentary behaviour was eliminated, 69 276 UK deaths might have been avoided in 2016.ConclusionsIn this conservative estimate of direct healthcare costs, prolonged sedentary behaviour causes a considerable burden to the NHS in the UK. This estimate may be used by decision makers when prioritising healthcare resources and investing in preventative public health programmes.

1563-P: Multimorbidity and Its Associations with All-Cause Mortality in People with Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Analysis of the UK Biobank

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 1563-P
Author(s):  
JASON I. CHIANG ◽  
PETER HANLON ◽  
BHAUTESH D. JANI ◽  
JO-ANNE E. MANSKI-NANKERVIS ◽  
JOHN FURLER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Prospective Analysis ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Uk

Healthwise, Part 5. Prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-25
Author(s):  
Linda Nazarko
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Hospital Treatment ◽  
Death Rates ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
The Uk

The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has highlighted the importance of public health in the UK and globally. The UK's death rates and obesity rates are related and many people in the UK experience poor health because they are overweight or obese ( Lobstein, 2021 ; Mohammad et al, 2021 ). Obesity increases the risks of developing type 2 diabetes. People with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are at greater risk of developing severe COVID symptoms, of requiring hospital treatment and of poor outcomes and death ( Barron et al, 2020 ). This article, the fifth in a series, examines risk factors for type 2 diabetes and explains how readers can reduce their risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for mortality and end-stage renal disease in people with type 2 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: a population-based cohort study in the UK

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e002146
Author(s):  
Antonio González-Pérez ◽  
Maria Saez ◽  
David Vizcaya ◽  
Marcus Lind ◽  
Luis Garcia Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Population Based ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Cvd Mortality

IntroductionWe aimed to determine the incidence of, and risk factors for all-cause/cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among people with type 2 diabetes with/without diabetic kidney disease (DKD) in the UK general population.Research design and methodsWe undertook a population-based cohort study using primary care UK electronic health records. We followed 8413 people with type 2 diabetes and DKD and a matched comparison cohort of people with type 2 diabetes without DKD. Risk factors for all-cause/CVD mortality (using both cohorts) and ESRD (DKD cohort only) were evaluated by estimating HRs with 95% CIs using Cox regression.ResultsIn the DKD cohort (mean age 66.7 years, 62.4% male), incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 50.3 (all-cause mortality), 8.0 (CVD mortality) and 6.9 (ESRD). HRs (95% CIs; DKD vs comparison cohort) were 1.49 (1.35 to 1.64) for all-cause mortality and 1.60 (1.24 to 2.05) for CVD mortality. In general, higher all-cause mortality risks were seen with older age, underweight (body mass index <20 kg/m2), reduced renal function, and cardiovascular/liver disease, and lower risks were seen with being female or overweight. In the DKD cohort, higher risks of ESRD were seen with reduced renal function at baseline, high material deprivation, cancer and non-insulin glucose-lowering drugs, and a lower risk was seen with overweight (≥25 kg/m2).ConclusionsAnnually, one death will occur among every 20 people with type 2 diabetes and DKD. The identified risk factors in this study will help identify people with type 2 diabetes at most risk of death and progression of kidney disease, and help to direct effective management strategies.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular outcomes and healthcare costs of liraglutide versus basal insulin for type 2 diabetes patients at high cardiovascular risk

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Chun Huang ◽  
Yen-Chou Chen ◽  
Chung-Hsuen Wu ◽  
Yu Ko
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Basal Insulin ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Medical Costs ◽  
Cardiovascular Death ◽  
Cardiovascular Outcomes ◽  
Nonfatal Stroke ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
All Cause Mortality

AbstractWe aimed to compare the (1) clinical outcomes including composite cardiovascular outcomes, cardiovascular death, and all-cause death, and (2) healthcare costs of using liraglutide and basal insulin as an initial treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and high cardiovascular diseases (CVD) risk. This is a retrospective cohort study using Taiwan’s Health and Welfare Database. A total of 1057 patients treated with liraglutide were identified and matched with 4600 patients treated with basal insulin. The liraglutide group had a lower risk of a composite CVD outcome (hazard ratio (HR) 0.65; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.50–0.85; p < 0.01), all-cause mortality (HR 0.40; 95% CI 0.28–0.59; p < 0.0001), and nonfatal stroke (HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.34–0.87; p = 0.01). Compared to the basal insulin group, the liraglutide group had lower median per-patient-per-month (PPPM) inpatient, emergency room (ER), and total medical costs, but higher median PPPM outpatient, total pharmacy, and total costs (all p < 0.0001). In conclusion, compared to basal insulin, liraglutide was found to be associated with reduced risk of a composite CVD outcome, nonfatal stroke, and all-cause mortality among high CVD risk patients with T2DM. In addition, liraglutide users had lower inpatient, ER, and total medical costs, but they had higher outpatient and total pharmacy costs.

scholarly journals Estimating the potential public health impact of fibre enrichment: a UK modelling study

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kirstie Canene-Adams ◽  
Ieva Laurie ◽  
Kavita Karnik ◽  
Brian Flynn ◽  
William Goodwin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Statistical Modelling ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Potential Public Health ◽  
Modelling Study

Abstract For improving human health, reformulation can be a tool as it allows individuals to consume products of choice while reducing intake of less desirable nutrients, such as sugars and fats, and potentially increasing intake of beneficial nutrients such as fibre. The potential effects of reformulating foods with increased fibre on diet and on health needs to be better understood. The objective of this statistical modelling study was to understand how fibre enrichment can affect the diet and health of consumers. The UK National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) datasets from 2014 - 2015 and 2015 - 2016 were utilised to evaluate intakes of fibre and Kilocalories with a dietary intake model. Foods and beverages eligible for fibre enrichment were identified (n = 915) based on EU legislation for fibre content claims. Those people who meet Dietary Reference Values (DRVs) and fibre enrichment health outcomes such as weight, cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes risk reductions were quantified pre and post fibre reformulation via Reynolds et al, D’Agostino et al, and QDiabetes algorithms, respectively. The fibre enrichment intervention showed a mean fibre intake in the UK of 19.9 g/day, signifying a 2.2 g/day increase from baseline. Modelling suggested that 5.9% of subjects could achieve a weight reduction, 72.2% a reduction in cardiovascular risk, and 71.7% a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes risk with fibre fortification (all p ≤ 0.05). This study gave a good overview of the potential public health benefits of reformulating food products using a straightforward enrichment scenario.

453-P: Metabolic Syndrome Severity Score, All-Cause Mortality, and Incident Vascular Events in Type 2 Diabetes: A 13-Year, Single-Centre, Follow-Up Study

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 453-P
Author(s):  
MONIA GAROFOLO ◽  
ELISA GUALDANI ◽  
DANIELA LUCCHESI ◽  
LAURA GIUSTI ◽  
VERONICA SANCHO-BORNEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Single Centre ◽  
Vascular Events ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
All Cause Mortality
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