scholarly journals Community based intervention on adolescent risk taking: using research for community action

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Coggan ◽  
Barbara Disley ◽  
Pam Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Community-based Organizations and Issues in Community Development in an Era Constant Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 585-605
Author(s):  
Terrence Thomas ◽  
◽  
Befikadu Legesse ◽  
Cihat Gunden ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Action ◽  
Black Belt ◽  
Valuable Insight ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Community Based Organizations ◽  
Constant Change ◽  
Black Belt Region ◽  
Local Problems ◽  
Community Based Organization

The failure of top-down categorical approaches for generating solutions to many local problems has led to the adoption of alternate approaches. Many scholars believe that a confluence of local and global forces have generated complex problems, which call for new approaches to problem solving. Previously, the top-down approach relied entirely on the knowledgeable elite. Communities were seen as passive study subjects and information flow was one way only- from knowledgeable elites to the less knowledgeable community agents or community-based organization acting on behalf of communities. The objectives of this study are to provide a review of governance as a means of organizing community action to address community problems in the Black Belt Region (BBR) of the Southeastern United States, and an assessment of community problems in the BBR from the perspectives of community-based organizations (CBOs). Data was collected from CBOs via a telephone survey in eleven Southeastern states and via listening sessions conducted with CBOs in 9 Southeastern states. The study provides valuable insight regarding the challenges faced by these organizations and strategies they employ in adapting to serve their communities.

Positive risk-taking: Mixed-methods validation of a self-report scale and evidence for genetic links to personality and negative risk-taking

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Wales Patterson ◽  
Lilla Pivnick ◽  
Frank D Mann ◽  
Andrew D Grotzinger ◽  
Kathryn C Monahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Positive Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk

Adolescents are more likely to take risks. Typically, research on adolescent risk-taking has focused on its negative health and societal consequences. However, some risk-taking behaviors might be positive, defined here as behavior that does not violate the rights of others and that might advance socially-valuable goals. Empirical work on positive risk-taking has been limited by measurement challenges. In this study, we elicited adolescents’ free responses (n = 75) about a time they took a risk. Based on thematic coding, we identified positive behaviors described as risks and selected items to form a self-report scale. The resulting positive risk-taking scale was quantitatively validated in a population-based sample of adolescent twins (n = 1249). Second, we evaluated associations between positive risk-taking, negative risk-taking, and potential personality and peer correlates using a genetically informed design. Sensation seeking predicted negative and positive risk-taking equally strongly, whereas extraversion differentiated forms of risk-taking. Additive genetic influences on personality accounted for the total heritability in positive risk-taking. Indirect pathways from personality through positive and negative peer environments were identified. These results provide promising evidence that personality factors of sensation seeking and extraversion can manifest as engagement in positive risks. Increased understanding of positive manifestations of adolescent risk-taking may yield targets for positive youth development strategies to bolster youth well-being.

Innovative education and training for community-based water protection units

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Kakembo
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Community Action ◽  
Health Improvement ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Water Protection ◽  
Community Based ◽  
And Training ◽  
Innovative Education

The paper explores the centrality of community-based education and training in addressing constraints and opportunities for wastewater management in Uganda. To be sustainable, wastewater management need to be conceived in terms of socio-economic incentives, community action, group pressure and social capital. It is assumed that communities could be motivated to undertake sustainable wastewater disposal activities if concrete benefits are demonstrated. The benefits include among others; reducing expenditure on health; improvement of the fisheries sector and the use of wastewater for crop farming. The paper is based on a study that analyzed the role of socio-economic incentives and Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) in sustainable management of wastewater. Data was collected through personal interviews, documents analysis and review of recent studies on wastewater reuse in Uganda. Focus was put on districts of Mukono, Buikwe and Kayunga in central Uganda. Findings reveal that in line with the Hydro-Social-Health cycle, physical, social, political, economic, and cultural factors converge to influence wastewater management. The paper duly describes innovative education and training approaches based on Communal Water Protection Units (COWAPU) facilitated by multidisciplinary Water Professionals and Educators (WAPE).It is concluded that it is possible to operate a complete sanitation system without subsidies.

The study of the relationship between parenting styles and risk-taking in adolescents in only-child families in Qazvin city

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nezal Azh ◽  
Reza Zeighami ◽  
Tahereh Ataei ◽  
Maryam Mafi
Keyword(s):  
Parenting Style ◽  
Parenting Styles ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Authoritative Parenting ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Only Child ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Authoritative Parenting Style

AbstractObjectivesRisk-taking reasons in adolescents are divided into four cognitive, emotional, socio-environmental, and family factors. Structure, composition, and size of family as well as parenting styles effect on the development of creative abilities, transmitting cultural and social values, and the amount of adolescent risk-taking. The present study aimed to evaluate the tendency toward high-risk behaviors based on ways of interacting with children in only-child families.MethodsThis research is a descriptive analytical study. The research population was only-child adolescents and one of their parents who referred to health centers in Qazvin city to receive healthcare. The sampling has been conducted in census method. The data collection tools were adolescents’ risk-taking questionnaires and Baumrind Parenting style Inventory which were completed by adolescents and one parent, respectively. The questionnaires were completed in health centers of Qazvin City, and the sampling was conducted since February to September 2018. The SPSS version 24 was used to analyze the data.ResultsOne hundred and seventeen adolescents aged between 13 and 19 years together with one of their parents participated in this study. The majority of the mothers were housewives (62.9%) and fathers were either employees or self-employed (76.9%). Authoritative parenting style was the most dominant parenting style amongst parents (93%), and the majority of the samples (78%) had the least amount of risk. The average risk-taking score of adolescents was 23.3 ± 61.29 and the highest risk-taking behavior was dangerous driving (12.83). Risk-taking amount was negatively correlated with authoritative parenting style (r = −0.20, p = 0.28), while having direct and meaningful correlation with the permissive style (r = 0.20, p = 0.02).ConclusionThe authoritative parenting style in only-child families has been a dominant trend that justifies the intimate parent-children relationships and decreases the risk-taking amount of adolescents. Therefore, parents are suggested to focus on increasing their relationship with their adolescents, rather than reducing their family size.

scholarly journals Majority and popularity effects on norm formation in adolescence

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana da Silva Pinho ◽  
Lucas Molleman ◽  
Barbara R. Braams ◽  
Wouter van den Bos
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Prosocial Behaviour ◽  
Peer Norms ◽  
Marked Influence ◽  
Personal Norms ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
Prosocial Behaviours

AbstractPersonal norms consist of individuals’ attitudes about the appropriateness of behaviour. These norms guide adolescents’ behaviour in countless domains that are fundamental for their social functioning and well-being. Peers are known to have a marked influence on adolescent risk-taking and prosocial behaviour, but little is known about how peers shape personal norms underlying those behaviours. Here we show that adolescents’ personal norms are decisively moulded by the norms of the majority and popular peers in their social network. Our experiment indicates that observing peer norms substantially impacts adolescents’ normative evaluation of risk-taking and prosocial behaviours. The majority norm had a stronger impact than the norm of a single popular peer, and norm adjustments were largest when adolescents observed strong disapproval of risk-taking or strong approval of prosocial behaviour. Our study suggests that learning about peer norms likely promotes adolescents to hold views and values supporting socially desirable behaviour.

The Role of Traumatic Childhood Experiences in Predicting a Disposition to Risk-Taking and Aggression in Turkish University Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 1998-2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatice Odacı ◽  
Çiğdem Berber Çelik
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Emotional Neglect ◽  
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire ◽  
Childhood Experiences ◽  
Adolescent Risk ◽  
And Gender

The purpose of this research was to determine whether or not traumatic childhood experiences in childhood predict a disposition to risk-taking and aggression among university students. The participants consisted of 851 students: 477 (56.1%) females and 374 (43.9%) males attending various faculties at the Karadeniz Technical University in Turkey. The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Adolescent Risk-Taking Scale, Aggression Questionnaire, and Personal Information Form were used for data collection. The analysis results revealed a positive correlation between traumatic experiences (physical, sexual, emotional maltreatment, and emotional neglect) and risk-taking and aggression. Physical and sexual abuse and gender are significant predictors of risk-taking. Physical abuse and gender are some of the predictors of aggression. Another finding from the study is that physical and emotional abuse and emotional neglect vary by gender. This study concludes that exposure to traumatic experiences in childhood prepares the foundation for negative behaviors in adulthood.

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