Legislative framework for animal research in the UK

In Practice ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 488-496
Author(s):  
Ngaire Dennison ◽  
Anja Petrie
Keyword(s):  
Animal Research ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Uk

Net zero carbon: Energy performance targets for offices

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-369
Author(s):  
Robert Cohen ◽  
Karl Desai ◽  
Jennifer Elias ◽  
Richard Twinn
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Consultation Process ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Extensive Consultation ◽  
Operational Energy ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Zero Carbon ◽  
The Uk

The UKGBC Net Zero Carbon Buildings Framework was published in April 2019 following an industry task group and extensive consultation process. The framework acts as guidance for achieving net zero carbon for operational energy and construction emissions, with a whole life carbon approach to be developed in the future. In consultation with industry, further detail and stricter requirements are being developed over time. In October 2019, proposals were set out for industry consultation on minimum energy efficiency targets for new and existing commercial office buildings seeking to achieve net zero carbon status for operational energy today, based on the performance levels that all buildings will be required to achieve by 2050. This was complemented by modelling work undertaken by the LETI network looking into net zero carbon requirements for new buildings. In January 2020 UKGBC published its guidance on the levels of energy performance that offices should target to achieve net zero and a trajectory for getting there by 2035. This paper describes the methodology behind and industry perspectives on UKGBC’s proposals which aim to predict the reduction in building energy intensity required if the UK’s economy is to be fully-powered by zero carbon energy in 2050. Practical application: Many developers and investors seeking to procure new commercial offices or undertake major refurbishments of existing offices are engaging with the ‘net zero carbon’ agenda, now intrinsic to the legislative framework for economic activity in the UK. A UKGBC initiative effectively filled a vacuum by defining a set of requirements including energy efficiency thresholds for commercial offices in the UK to be considered ‘net zero carbon’. This paper provides all stakeholders with a detailed justification for the level of these thresholds and what might be done to achieve them. A worked example details one possible solution for a new office.

Collecting archives: changes and consequences

1996 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-34
Author(s):  
Serena Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Focus Of Attention ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
Undergraduate Level ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Commercial Value ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Official Records

The dynamism of elements of the archive profession has been particularly apparent over the past two decades as change and innovations have shaken up a profession previously perceived, perhaps not always unfairly, as pedestrian and static. The impetus for change has come both from outside and within the archive community. The lack in the UK of a national legislative framework covering the collecting of all types of archives, and an increased awareness of both the research and commercial value of historical records, have encouraged an expansion both in the types of organisations collecting archives and in the types of archives being collected. The shifting focus of attention of professional historians away from a preoccupation with ‘official’ records and the encouragement of more source-based teaching, both in schools and at undergraduate level, have facilitated such changes. The archive profession, however, is very aware that collecting by itself is not enough, and while lack of resources means that most archivists are still embarrassed by backlogs of material that have not been catalogued as fully as they would wish, greater attention is being focused on issues such as the need to widen access to archive collections, to increase security within repositories and to promote a greater understanding of conservation techniques.

Analyzing Foundations of Imposing a Monetary Penalty on Parties to a Criminal Proceeding

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 682
Author(s):  
Arman SAKHARBAY ◽  
Askar Kadyrovich KALIYEV ◽  
Moldir Saparbekkyzy BAIKOMUROVA
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Criminal Procedure ◽  
Criminal Proceedings ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Regulatory Systems ◽  
Legal Nature ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Original Approach

The research analyzes the possible application and effectiveness of a monetary penalty as one of the most useful sanctions to maintain the established order of criminal justice, as well as develops constructive proposals to improve the criminal procedure legislation based on the conducted survey. To this end, the authors of the article have studied the criminal procedure legislation of Kazakhstan and legislation on administrative offenses, considered scientific opinions presented in numerous publications on relevant topics and conducted a comparative analysis of regulatory systems in Kazakhstan, Germany, Austria, the USA and the UK. As a result, the authors have established that one of the main reasons hindering the adequate implementation of criminal justice is the violation of obligations to participate in criminal proceedings by persons named in the Criminal Procedure Code of Kazakhstan. To maintain procedural discipline, the court is provided with ample opportunities in the form of coercive measures, including a monetary penalty. The authors have investigated the legal nature of a monetary penalty and compared it with administrative fines. The authors have considered grounds and application procedures for this sanction in the criminal procedure legislation of Kazakhstan and some foreign legal systems. The authors have determined the problems of its implementation caused by the slovenly legislation of a monetary penalty that impedes law enforcement activity. A comprehensive analysis allows developing proposals for improving the use of monetary penalties as measures of coercion for criminal cases heard in the court. If these proposals are enshrined in the existing regulatory framework and put into practice, they will strengthen the discipline of parties to criminal proceedings, ensure the strict observance of criminal proceedings and increase their general effectiveness. Due to its conclusions and proposals, the article demonstrates the novelty of the conducted research, the authors' original approach to the analysis of information and innovative ways to improve the existing legislative framework.

scholarly journals A new legislative framework for mental capacity and mental health legislation in Northern Ireland: an analysis of the current proposals

2014 ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Maura McCallion ◽  
Ursula O'Hare
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Mental Capacity ◽  
Law Reform ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Mental Health Legislation ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Health Legislation

<p>When the Bamford Review of Mental Health and Learning Disability completed its work in the autumn of 2007, it drew to a close an extensive consultation and analysis of mental health and learning disability services and the law in Northern Ireland. Its last report on A Comprehensive Legislative Framework made<br />a compelling case for a major overhaul of the law that the Review team itself described as ‘quite radical’. The Review identified the case for reform in the need to ensure that mental health law conforms to the requirements of human rights law, reflects changes to professional practice, reflects the needs of service<br />users and their carers, and keeps pace with reform elsewhere in the UK. Alone of all the jurisdictions in the UK, Northern Ireland has been operating largely in a legislative vacuum in relation to mental capacity law. The Review’s proposals for reform therefore extended to reform of mental health law and the introduction of mental capacity law.</p><p>In the autumn of 2008 the NI Executive published its response to the Bamford Review indicating that it intended to develop the law sequentially: reform of the Mental Health (NI) Order 1986 by 2011 followed by the introduction of mental capacity law in 2014. Responses to the Executive’s consultation resulted in<br />the Department of Health Social Services and Public Safety (DHSSPS) revising its approach and it signalled its intention to bring forward mental capacity and mental health legislation together. This reated a unique opportunity in Northern Ireland for fusion of incapacity and mental health legislation. A further consultation paper was issued in January 2009, setting out the key approaches to the content<br />of two bills. However as a result of the consultation, the Health Minister Michael McGimpsey announced in September 2009 that there would be a single bill with an overall principle of autonomy. His press statement noted: “ A strong body of opinion, particularly from professional groups and lead voluntary organisations, which considered that separate mental health legislation continues to be stigmatising and recommended that mental capacity and mental health provisions should instead be encompassed into a single piece of legislation”</p><p>This short paper provides an overview of the current direction of travel on law reform in Northern Ireland. It comments on the policy climate and arguments for a fusion of mental capacity and mental health legislation. It also highlights some of the key policy issues that will need to be further explored as the Department develops its law reform proposals and concludes with some hopes and fears for the new legislation.</p>

scholarly journals Βιοηθικά ζητήματα της χρήσης πτωματικών βιολογικών υλικών στην εκπαίδευση και στην έρευνα

Bioethica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Konstantinos Katsos (Κωνσταντίνος Κάτσος) ◽  
Konstantinos Moraitis (Κωνσταντίνος Μωραΐτης) ◽  
Chara Spiliopoulou (Χαρά Σπηλιοπούλου)
Keyword(s):  
Property Rights ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Uk

Can someone claim property rights on a corps e? If so, to whom it belongs? If not, are there anylimits to the "use exploitation" of the human body? This paper discusses the ethical issues that arise ineducation and research with cadaveric materials by conducting a review of the international litera ture. Inthe light of various scandals concerning the retention of cadaveric tissues and organs and their use ineducation and research, the legislative framework in the UK was revised in 2006 to regulate themanagement of a corpse. Similar acts exist in m any other countries. In Greece, the current legal systemonly regulates the use of biological materials for transplantation, leaving a "gap" in education andresearch issues after death. Greece must leave behind the paternalism of the past and follow the p rinciplesof information and consent.

United Kingdom

2019 ◽  
pp. 455-493
Author(s):  
Andrew Boutros
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Economic Cooperation ◽  
Public Office ◽  
Aggressive Approach ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
Commercial Bribery ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
The Uk

The United Kingdom was one of the first countries in the world to have explicit statutory provisions outlawing bribery, and has had a long-standing legislative framework prohibiting fraud and misconduct in public office. Nevertheless, historically, these laws were rarely used. Following recommendations by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the UK adopted its first comprehensive anti-corruption legislation in the form of the Bribery Act 2010 (“Bribery Act”), which went into force in July 2011. The Bribery Act is now considered arguably one of the most stringent anti-corruption statutes in the world, criminalizing both public and commercial bribery. In recent years, the Serious Fraud Office (SFO) has demonstrated an increased willingness to take a more aggressive approach to enforcing the Bribery Act, as illustrated by the SFO’s deferred prosecution agreement with Rolls Royce Plc in January 2017, which resulted in a record-breaking £497 million settlement.

scholarly journals Concepts of Adversity, Risk, Vulnerability and Resilience: A Discussion in the Context of the ‘Child Protection System’

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Child Protection ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Protection System ◽  
Abuse And Neglect ◽  
Protection Systems ◽  
Protective System ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Risk Vulnerability ◽  
The Uk

This paper explores the concepts of adversity, risk, vulnerability and resilience in the context of child protection systems with the aim of contributing to the debate about the ways in which risk of ‘harm’ and ‘abuse’ are conceptualised at different stages of the lifespan and in relation to different groups of people. The recent developments in the policy and legislative framework for state intervention on behalf of children in the UK are described and linked with an exploration of the underlying assumptions about abuse and neglect. Concepts of adversity, risk, vulnerability and resilience and the ways in which the complexity of the routes and pathways to ‘harm’ pose a challenge to the current UK state protective system are discussed.

The civil law: a potent crime-fighting device

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shazeeda Ali
Keyword(s):  
Money Laundering ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Asset Recovery ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Proceeds Of Crime ◽  
The Law ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Civil Recovery

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to increase the awareness of attorneys-at-law about the potential risks that they may encounter as a result of the developments in “intermeddler liability”. The article is also aimed at informing attorneys about the Proceeds of Crime Act (POCA) civil recovery machinery. Design/methodology/approach – The article is divided into two parts. The first part involves an analysis of the provisions in the POCA of Jamaica that invoke a civil machinery to recover criminally obtained wealth. In addition to a review of the main provisions of POCA, an examination of recent cases in Jamaica and in the UK, which has a similar legislative regime, has been undertaken. The legislative framework for providing a remedy to a victim of crime has also been examined. The second part of the article explores developments in the law of restitution and the law relating to constructive trusts which may impact lawyers and financial intermediaries who become engaged in transactions dealing with illicit funds. Findings – The first aspect of the article focuses on the ability of the Asset Recovery Agency to follow and recover illicitly obtained property in the absence of a criminal conviction. In the second part of the article, the evolution of the law relating to “intermeddler liability”, that is, knowing receipt and dishonest assistance, has been explored. It is observed that these developments are significant in providing a victim of financial crime with a remedy where the illicit activity involves a breach of trust or other fiduciary relationship. Originality/value – Much of the focus on anti-money laundering initiatives in Jamaica is on the money laundering offence and post-conviction orders under POCA. This article seeks to highlight the power of the civil law in countering serious crime.

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