The Atkins diet led to more weight loss than the Zone diet in overweight and obese premenopausal women at 12 months

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 138-138
Author(s):  
R. Padwal
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Zone Diet

scholarly journals Impact of Experimentally Induced Cognitive Dietary Restraint on Eating Behavior Traits, Appetite Sensations, and Markers of Stress during Energy Restriction in Overweight/Obese Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Morin ◽  
Catherine Bégin ◽  
Julie Maltais-Giguère ◽  
Alexandra Bédard ◽  
André Tchernof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Eating Behavior ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Dietary Restraint ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Energy Restriction ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Experimentally Induced

Weight loss has been associated with changes in eating behaviors and appetite sensations that favor a regain in body weight. Since traditional weight loss approaches emphasize the importance of increasing cognitive dietary restraint (CDR) to achieve negative energy imbalance, it is difficult to untangle the respective contributions of energy restriction and increases in CDR on factors that can eventually lead to body weight regain. The present study aimed at comparing the effects of energy restriction alone or in combination with experimentally induced CDR on eating behavior traits, appetite sensations, and markers of stress in overweight and obese women. We hypothesized that the combination of energy restriction and induced CDR would lead to more prevalent food cravings, increased appetite sensations, and higher cortisol concentrations than when energy restriction is not coupled with induced CDR. A total of 60 premenopausal women (mean BMI: 32.0 kg/m2; mean age: 39.4 y) were provided with a low energy density diet corresponding to 85% of their energy needs during a 4-week fully controlled period. At the same time, women were randomized to either a condition inducing an increase in CDR (CDR+ group) or a condition in which CDR was not induced (CRD− group). Eating behavior traits (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Food Craving Questionnaire), appetite sensations (after standardized breakfast), and markers of stress (Perceived Stress Scale; postawakening salivary cortisol) were measured before (T = 0 week) and after (T = 4 weeks) the 4-week energy restriction, as well as 3 months later. There was an increase in CDR in the CDR+ group while no such change was observed in the CDR− group (p=0.0037). No between-group differences were observed for disinhibition, hunger, cravings, appetite sensations, perceived stress, and cortisol concentrations. These results suggest that a slight increase in CDR has no negative impact on factors regulating energy balance in the context of energy restriction.

Influence of Free Fatty Acid Concentrations and Weight Loss on Adipose Tissue Direct Free Fatty Acid Storage Rates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingyi Jia ◽  
B Gisella Carranza Leon ◽  
Michael D Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Free Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Tissue Level ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Plasma Ffa

Abstract Context The factors that determine the recycling of free fatty acids (FFA) back into different adipose tissue depots via the direct storage pathway are not completely understood. Objective To assess the interactions between adipocyte factors and plasma FFA concentrations that determine regional FFA storage rates. Design We measured direct adipose tissue FFA storage rates before and after weight loss under high FFA (intravenous somatostatin and epinephrine) and low (intravenous insulin and glucose) FFA concentrations. Setting Mayo Clinic Clinical Research Unit. Patients Sixteen premenopausal women, BMI 30 - 37 kg/m 2. Intervention Comprehensive lifestyle weight loss program. Main Outcome Measure Direct FFA storage rates in upper and lower body subcutaneous fat. Results Over the entire range of FFA and under isolated conditions of elevated FFA concentrations the storage rates of FFA into upper and lower body subcutaneous fat per unit lipid were associated with concentrations, not adipocyte fatty acid storage factors. Under low FFA conditions, direct FFA storage rates were related to adipocyte CD36 content, not tissue level content of fatty acid storage factors. Weight loss did not change these relationships. Conclusions The regulation of direct FFA storage under low FFA concentration conditions appears to be at the level of the cell/adipocyte content of CD36, whereas under high FFA concentration conditions direct FFA storage at the tissue level is predicted by plasma FFA concentrations, independent of adipocyte size or fatty acid storage factors. These observations offer novel insights into how adipose tissue regulates direct FFA storage in humans.

Abstract 3610: Comparative Effects of 3 Popular Diets on Lipids, Endothelial Function and Biomarkers of Atherothrombosis in the Absence of Weight Loss

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Miller ◽  
Valerie Beach ◽  
Charles Mangano ◽  
Jeffrey Rhyne ◽  
Christina Dobmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Monounsaturated Fat ◽  
The South ◽  
Atkins Diet ◽  
Total Fat

Background : While the effect of popular diets on weight loss has been extensively studied, less is known in the absence of weight loss. We hypothesized that a diet high in total and saturated fat would be associated with adverse effects on LDL-C, endothelial function and biomarkers of atherothrombosis compared to lower fat diets. Methods : We tested 3 popular diets, including Atkins (50% fat), South Beach (30% fat) and Ornish (10% fat) in a randomized and counterbalanced, crossover study. Subjects completed each of the three 4-week dietary intervention phases followed by a 4-week washout period. They were weighed weekly and caloric adjustments made if weight change exceeded 1 kg. At the completion of each dietary phase, 3-day food records were analyzed, fasting blood was sampled and brachial artery reactivity testing (BART) performed. Results : Eighteen of 26 adults (mean age: 30.6 ± 9.6 yrs, 50% female) completed all 3 dietary phases. There were no changes in weight at the conclusion of each phase. However, non-significant increases in LDL-C occurred during the Atkins phase (pre: 96.5, post: 112.9 mg/dL; P=0.12 ), whereas LDL-C was reduced during the Ornish (pre: 110.1, post: 84.6 mg/dL; P=0.006 ) and South Beach phases (pre: 101.7, post: 91.5 mg/dL; P=0.01 ). BART testing revealed a significant inverse correlation between flow-mediated vasodilation and intake of total fat (r 2 =−0.29; P=0.03 ), saturated fat (r 2 =−0.31; P=0.02 ) and monounsaturated fat (r 2 =−0.35; P=0.01 ). Microarray analysis demonstrated increased expression of several leukocyte biomarkers including, ICAM2 (37%; P=0.002 ), SELL (26%; P=0.007 ) and SOD1 (42%; P=0.04 ) at the completion of the Atkins diet compared to baseline. In contrast, expression of atherothrombotic biomarkers was not increased after the South Beach or Ornish phase. Conclusions: In the absence of weight loss, the high fat Atkins diet is associated with increased LDL-C, reduced endothelial vasoreactivity and increased expression of biomarkers of atherothrombosis. As such, these data suggest that isocaloric conversion to the Atkins diet may negatively impact cardiovascular health as compared to the South Beach or Ornish Diet.

scholarly journals Height, weight, weight change and risk of breast cancer in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

2001 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anelise Bezerra de Vasconcelos ◽  
Gulnar Azevedo e Silva Mendonça ◽  
Rosely Sichieri
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
State University ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Incident Cases

CONTEXT: The relationship between body size and breast cancer still remains controversial in considering menopausal status. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of height, weight and weight changes with breast cancer in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: National Cancer Institute (INCA), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and State University of Rio de Janeiro (UERJ). SAMPLE: 177 incident cases of invasive breast cancer admitted to the main hospital of INCA between May 1995 and February 1996, and 377 controls recruited from among female visitors to the same hospital. MAIN MEASUREMENTS: Height and weight were measured and information on maximum weight, weight at ages 18 and 30 years, and potential risk factors were ascertained by interview at the hospital. RESULTS: Height was not related to risk of breast cancer among both pre and postmenopausal women. Nevertheless, women in this study were shorter than in studies that have found a positive association. Premenopausal women in the upper quartile of recent body mass index (BMI) and maximum BMI showed a reduced risk of breast cancer (P for trend <= 0.03). Weight loss between ages 18 and 30 years and from 18 years to present was also associated with breast cancer among premenopausal women. CONCLUSIONS: These findings may merely indicate the known association between leanness and breast cancer. Further studies should explore the role of weight loss on breast cancer risk.

Effect of Weight Loss on Endothelial Function in Obese Premenopausal Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 506
Author(s):  
Se Woong Ma ◽  
Se Hwa Kim ◽  
Hyo Sung Nam ◽  
Kee Myoung Jung ◽  
Byung Hyun Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Premenopausal Women

Increased circadian prolactin release is blunted after body weight loss in obese premenopausal women

2006 ◽  
Vol 290 (2) ◽  
pp. E218-E224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petra Kok ◽  
Ferdinand Roelfsema ◽  
Janneke G. Langendonk ◽  
Caroline C. de Wit ◽  
Marijke Frölich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Premenopausal Women ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Wave Form ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Very Low Calorie Diet ◽  
Burst Frequency ◽  
Dopamine 2 Receptor ◽  
Plasma Prl

We recently showed that prolactin (PRL) release is considerably enhanced in obese women in proportion to the size of their visceral fat mass. PRL release is inhibited by dopamine 2 receptor (D2R) activation, and dietary restriction/weight loss are associated with increased dopaminergic signaling in animals. Therefore, we hypothesized that enhanced PRL release in obese humans would be reversed by weight loss. To evaluate this postulate, we measured 24-h plasma PRL concentrations at 10-min intervals in 11 obese premenopausal women (BMI 33.3 ± 0.7 kg/m2) before and after weight loss (50% reduction of overweight/15% absolute weight loss, using a very low-calorie diet) in the follicular phase of their menstrual cycle. The 24-h PRL concentration profiles were analyzed by a peak detection program (Cluster) and a wave form-independent deconvolution technique (Pulse). Spontaneous 24-h PRL secretion was significantly reduced in obese women [mean daily release, before 128 ± 24 vs. after weight loss 110 ± 17 μg/liter distribution volume (Vdl)−1 × 24 h, P = 0.05]. Body weight loss particularly blunted PRL secretory burst mass (Pulse area, before 230 ± 28 vs. after weight loss 221 ± 31 μg/Vdl−1 × 24 h, P = 0.03), whereas burst frequency was unaffected (no. of pulses, before 11 ± 1 vs. after weight loss 12 ± 1 n/24 h, P = 0.69). Thus elevated PRL secretion rate in obese women is significantly reduced after loss of 50% of overweight. We speculate that amelioration of deficit D2R-mediated neurotransmission and/or diminutions of circulating leptin/estrogen levels might be involved in the physiology of this phenomenon.

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