▾Cefuroxime axetil: a new oral cephalosporin

1989 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-7
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Cefuroxime Axetil ◽  
Oral Cephalosporin ◽  
Previous Issue ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Tract Infections

Parenteral cefuroxime (Zinacef - Glaxo) has been available for over 10 years. It is now available for oral administration as cefuroxime axetil (▾Zinnat). Cefuroxime is stable to many β-lactamases and is active against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms. Like most other cephalosporins, it is not active against Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas spp or Bacteroides spp. We compared its activity with other cephalosporins in a previous issue.1 It is being promoted especially for use in chest and urinary tract infections.

scholarly journals 1436. Comparison of Ceftazidime–Avibactam, Ceftolozane–Tazobactam, Piperacillin–Tazobactam, and Meropenem Activities When Tested Against Gram-Negative Organisms Isolated From Complicated Urinary Tract Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S524-S524
Author(s):  
Helio S Sader ◽  
Robert K Flamm ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Rodrigo E Mendes
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Healthcare Associated Infection ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
The Us ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Esbl Producers

Abstract Background Complicated urinary tract infections (cUTIs) represent a major cause of healthcare-associated infection and a major source of gram-negative (GN) bacteremia. We evaluated the antimicrobial activities of recently approved β-lactamase inhibitor combinations and comparators against GN bacteria isolated from patients with cUTIs in the US hospitals in 2018. Methods Unique patient isolates were consecutively collected from patients with cUTIs in 65 hospitals in 2018, and the GN organisms (n = 4,371) were susceptibility (S) tested by reference broth microdilution methods. Enterobacterales (ENT) with elevated cephalosporin MICs were screened for β-lactamase-encoding genes by whole-genome sequencing. Results The most common GN organisms were E. coli (44.5%), K. pneumoniae (19.6%), P. mirabilis (6.7%), and P. aeruginosa (PSA; 5.3%). The most active agents against ENT were ceftazidime–avibactam (CAZ-AVI; 99.9%S), amikacin (AMK; 99.7%S), and meropenem (MEM; 99.4%S; table). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes were identified in 315 ENT (7.6%; excluding carbapenemase co-producers), including CTX-M-15 (63% of ESBL producers), other CTX-M types (25%), OXA-1/OXA-30 (39%), and SHV type (30%); approximately 50% of ESBL producers had ≥2 ESBL genes, mainly a CTX-M-type and an OXA-type (37% of isolates). The most active agents against ESBL producers were CAZ-AVI (100.0%S), AMK (99.7%S), and MEM (99.4%S); whereas ceftolozane–tazobactam (C-T) and piperacillin–tazobactam (PIP-TAZ) were active against 90.6% and 84.8% of ESBL producers, respectively. Only CAZ-AVI (87.0%S), colistin (COL; 87.0%S), and tigecycline (95.7%S) exhibited good activity against carbapenem-resistant ENT (CRE). Only 3 ENT isolates (0.07%) were CAZ-AVI resistant and all had a metallo-β-lactamase gene (2 VIM-1 and 1 NDM-1). CAZ-AVI (97.0%S) and C-T (99.1%S) were the most active β-lactams tested against PSA; other compounds with > 90%S for PSA were COL (99.6%), AMK (97.8%), tobramycin (93.5%), and CAZ (90.4%). Conclusion CAZ-AVI was highly active against a large collection of contemporary GN bacteria isolated from patients with cUTIs in US hospitals and provided greater coverage than the agents currently available in the US to treat cUTIs. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (01) ◽  
pp. 010-014
Author(s):  
Muhammad Usman Anjum ◽  
Muhammad Safdar Khan ◽  
Abdul Razzaq Shahid ◽  
Syed Humayun Shah
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanic Acid ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Micro Organisms

Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) constitute important bacterialdisease which contributes to significant morbidity world-wide. Empirical treatment in patientssuffering from UTI depends upon the local knowledge of common microorganisms responsiblefor UTI in that geographical area as well as their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.Objectives: To determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility of uropathogenswhich are responsible for urinary tract infections. Study Design: Experimental study. Setting:Department of Pathology, Frontier Medical & Dental College and Mohi Ud Din Islamic MedicalCollege. Period: January 2015 to June 2015. Material & methods: Total of 113 patients wereincluded in the study. Urine samples were cultured on MacConkey’s agar and Cysteine LactoseElectrolyte Deficient (CLED) agar. Micro-organisms were identified using standard tests andantimicrobial susceptibility was checked using modified Kirby Bauer method following Clinicaland Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Results: The average age of patientswas 32.19±16.47 years. Gram negative organisms accounted for majority of cases, about 89(78.76%) cases. Escherichia coli was the most common micro-organism which was found in50 (44.24%) cases followed by Staphylococcus aureus in 24 (21.24%), Enterobacter spp. in19 (16.81%), Klebsiella spp. in 11 (9.73%) and Proteus spp. in 9 (7.96%) cases. E. coli wassensitive to imipenem and ciprofloxacin and was resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic acid andgentamicin. Conclusion: Gram negative organisms are largely responsible for UTIs and E. colibeing the most common etiological agent. E. coli is sensitive to commonly prescribed drugs forUTI like ciprofloxacin.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Activities of Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Comparator Agents against Gram-Negative Organisms Isolated from Patients with Urinary Tract Infections in U.S. Medical Centers, 2012 to 2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 4355-4360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helio S. Sader ◽  
Mariana Castanheira ◽  
Robert K. Flamm ◽  
Ronald N. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Broth Microdilution ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Tract Infections

ABSTRACTA total of 7,272 unique patient clinical isolates were collected from 71 U.S. medical centers from patients with urinary tract infections in 2012 to 2014 and tested for susceptibility to ceftazidime-avibactam and comparators by broth microdilution methods. Ceftazidime-avibactam inhibited >99.9% of allEnterobacteriaceaeat the susceptible breakpoint of ≤8 μg/ml (there were only three nonsusceptible strains). Ceftazidime-avibactam was also active againstPseudomonas aeruginosaisolates (MIC50, 2 μg/ml; MIC90, 4 μg/ml; 97.7% susceptible), including many isolates not susceptible to meropenem, ceftazidime, and/or piperacillin-tazobactam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document