Chris Bartlett: expert in legionnaire’s disease and director of the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre

BMJ ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. n2928
Author(s):  
Penny Warren
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Legionnaire's Disease ◽  
Legionnaire’S Disease

HIV and other STIs in the United Kingdom: further increases

2003 ◽  
Vol 7 (48) ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Health Protection Agency ◽  
Protection Agency ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Living With Hiv

The Health Protection Agency Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre for England and Wales and others have reported that the number of people living with HIV in the UK has increased

Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19: Could Legionella be acting in conjunction with the Corona virus to aggravate the COVID-19 disease?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew John PENDERY
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Contaminated Water ◽  
Cooling Towers ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Corona Virus ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Legionnaire's Disease ◽  
Legionnaire’S Disease

There are some striking similarities between Legionnaire’s disease and COVID-19. Thesymptoms, age group and sex at risk are identical. The geographical distribution of both diseases is similar in Europe overall, and within the USA, France and Italy. The environmental distributions are also similar. However Legionnaire’s disease is caused by Legionella bacteria while COVID-19 is caused by the Corona virus. Whereas COVID-19 is contagious, Legionnaire’s disease is environmental. Legionella bacteria are commonly found in drinking water systems and near air conditioning cooling towers. Legionnaire’sdisease is caught by inhaling contaminated water droplets. The Legionella bacteria does not spread person to person and only causes disease if it enters the lungs.Could the Corona virus be making it easier for Legionella bacteria to enter the lungs?

Legionnaire’s Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
Andreas F. Widmer
Keyword(s):  
Legionella Pneumophila ◽  
Legionnaire's Disease ◽  
Legionnaire’S Disease ◽  
Legionella Micdadei

Legionellen sind Wasserkeime und können zwei typische Krankheitsbilder auslösen: Das Pontiac-Fieber und die Legionärskrankheit. Letztere ist eine seltene (3–7%), potentiell lebensbedrohliche Pneumonie. In fast allen Fällen ist Legionella pneumophila Serogruppe I für die Pneumonie verantwortlich. Es gibt aber 42 Arten und 64 Serotypen, wobei Legionella micdadei der zweithäufigste Erreger ist. Die Letalität der Legionellenpneumonie liegt immer noch um 5% bis 10% und ist bei hospitalisierten Patienten höher. Etablierte Risiken sind Nikotinabusus, chronisch-obstruktive Pneumopathie, sowie Immunsuppression. Die Kultur bedingt Spezialnährmedien, so dass die Diagnose nicht mit Routinemethoden gestellt werden kann. Die Einführung des Antigentestes im Urin hat die Diagnostik wesentlich verbessert. Eine PCR für Sputum ergänzt die neuen diagnostischen Möglichkeiten, wobei hier die Kosten und die Spezifität die Anwendung auf Spezialfälle einschränkt. Therapie der Wahl sind neuere Makrolide oder alternativ neuere Quinolone, die sich vor allem bei transplantierten Patienten auch als Therapie der ersten Wahl durchgesetzt haben. Die Primärprävention umfasst das Halten der Warmwasserversorgung am Boiler bei 60°C, und an Hähnen zwei Minuten nach Öffnen 50°C.

DETERMINANTS OF LEISURE-TIME PHYSICAL ACTIVITY: EVIDENCE FROM MALAYSIA

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (02) ◽  
pp. 1450017 ◽  
Author(s):  
YONG KANG CHEAH ◽  
ANDREW K. G. TAN
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Leisure Time Physical Activity ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Health Lifestyle ◽  
Non Communicable Disease ◽  
Heckman’S Sample Selection Model

This paper examines how socio-demographic and health-lifestyle factors determine participation and duration of leisure-time physical activity in Malaysia. Based on the Malaysia Non-Communicable Disease Surveillance-1 data, Heckman's sample selection model is employed to estimate the probability to participate and duration on physical activity. Results indicate that gender, age, years of education and family illness history are significant in explaining participation probability in leisure-time physical activity. Gender, income level, smoking-status and years of education are significant in explaining the weekly duration conditional on participation, whereas smoking-status and years of education are significant in determining the unconditional level of leisure-time physical activity.

scholarly journals Emerging trends in the epidemiology of invasive mycoses in England and Wales (1990–9)

2001 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. LAMAGNI ◽  
B. G. EVANS ◽  
M. SHIGEMATSU ◽  
E. M. JOHNSON
Keyword(s):  
Disease Surveillance ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Pneumocystis Carinii ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Older Age ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Invasive Mycoses

Invasive fungal infections are becoming an increasing public health problem owing to the growth in numbers of susceptible individuals. Despite this, the profile of mycoses remains low and there is no surveillance system specific to fungal infections currently existing in England and Wales. We analysed laboratory reports of deep-seated mycoses made to the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre between 1990 and 1999 from England and Wales. A substantial rise in candidosis was seen during this period (6·76–13·70 reports per million population/year), particularly in the older age groups. Rates of cryptococcosis in males fluctuated over the decade but fell overall (1·05–0·66 per million population/year), whereas rates of female cases gradually rose up until 1998 (0·04–0·41 per million population/year). Reports of Pneumocystis carinii in men reduced substantially between 1990 and 1999 (2·77–0·42 per million population/year) but showed little change in women. Reports of aspergillosis fluctuated up until 1996, after which reports of male and female cases rose substantially (from 0·08 for both in 1996 to 1·92 and 1·69 per million population/year in 1999 for males and females respectively), largely accounted for by changes in reporting practice from one laboratory. Rates of invasive mycoses were generally higher in males than females, with overall male-to-female rate ratios of 1·32 (95% CI 1·25–1·40) for candidosis, 1·30 (95% CI 1·05–1·60) for aspergillosis, 3·99 (95% CI 2·93–5·53) for cryptococcosis and 4·36 (95% CI 3·47–5·53) for Pneumocystis carinii. The higher male than female rates of reports is likely to be a partial reflection of HIV epidemiology in England and Wales, although this does not fully explain the ratio in infants and older age groups. Lack of information on underlying predisposition prevents further identification of risk groups affected. Whilst substantial under-reporting of Pneumocystis carinii and Cryptococcus species was apparent, considerable numbers of superficial mycoses were mis-reported indicating a need for clarification of reporting guidelines. Efforts to enhance comprehensive laboratory reporting should be undertaken to maximize the utility of this approach for surveillance of deep-seated fungal infections.

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