scholarly journals Universal health coverage, health systems strengthening, and the World Bank

BMJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. j3347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlee Tichenor ◽  
Devi Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Health

scholarly journals Universal Health Coverage- A Case Study of Indian Healthcare System during COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Rashika Nandwani
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Universal Health

Aim: The main purpose of this paper is to look at the Indian healthcare system during the COVID-19 pandemic and how COVID-19 acts as barrier and also presents some opportunities towards the road of Universal Health Coverage (UHC). Background: COVID-19 has exposed the vulnerability of health systems across the world and India is no exception. The World Health Organization (WHO) has kept the definition of UHC very flexible and has left on the country which is implementing it as to how much of the population and which services should be included in the scheme.  Discussion: India already has a unique flagship program Ayushman Bharat where it is trying to cover her most vulnerable population against catastrophic expenditure of health. This paper further investigates the progress of India towards UHC and how COVID-19 is acting as an impediment for India to progress towards it. On the other hand, it also poses some opportunities which had not been explored in the past. Health Systems Strengthening is the path towards the achievement of UHC and due to COVID-19, India has touched upon all the six building blocks which are needed to strengthen our system towards the achievement of UHC. Recommendations and Conclusion: It recommends that Indian system should be more proactive than reactive; it also suggests following a systems-based approach and to not target the problem in silos. It also suggests increasing the government funding as well as establishment of proper public health cadre. To conclude, this paper also suggests that the government should include outpatient expenses into their scheme, and they should also concentrate towards building adequate infrastructure in order to face future pandemics like COVID-19.

scholarly journals Resenha internacional: Universal Health Coverage for inclusive and sustainable development: a synthesis of 11 country case studies

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Sueli Gandolfi Dallari
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
International Bank ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Health

Resenha sobre a publicação "Universal Health Coverage for inclusive and sustainable development: a synthesis of 11 country case studies", Akiko Maeda, Edson Araujo, Cheryl Cashin, Joseph Harris, Naoki Ikegami, and Michael R. Reich (org.), International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank <http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-0297-3>

The World Bank

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusra Ribhi Shawar ◽  
Jennifer Prah Ruger
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Global Health ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Internal Constraints ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Do So

The World Bank, one of the largest global health funders, continues to deny a formal legal obligation for human rights. Internal constraints limit the Bank’s ability to do so, since its Articles of Agreement explicitly forbid it from interfering in a country’s internal political affairs, making it unclear whether human rights risk management is within the institution’s mandate. This stands in contrast to the institution’s commitment to human rights, as reflected in its commitment to helping countries achieve universal health coverage and in its “twin goals” of ending extreme poverty and promoting shared prosperity, which fundamentally contribute to the realization of social and economic rights. This chapter analyzes the ways in which rights-based discourse has evolved in the Bank’s global health policies and practices and identifies the institutional factors that have shaped its consideration of human rights.

scholarly journals “Health Technology Assessment in High, Middle and Low-income Countries: New Systematic and Interdisciplinary Approach for Sound Informed-policymaking”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed AlKhaldi ◽  
Sara Ahmed ◽  
Aisha Al Basuoni ◽  
Marcel Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Social Systems ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
World Health ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
The World ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Technological innovation has a significant role in improving health systems (HSs) and achieving universal health coverage. The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared resolutions on Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and other global organizations emphasized on HTA systems to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). HTA is a modern multidisciplinary decision-making framework linking knowledge and policymaking in order to provide evidence to leaders and ensuring the value of resources by evaluating properties, effects, and/or impacts. The scope of HTA focuses on conducting assessments and analyses to investigate the medical, social, economic, organizational and ethical issues within health and social systems for generating management and technical solutions. HTA is important as it is rapidly growing and is seen as an essential development approach to tackle existing challenges, particularly in developing countries as they share most of the health burdens worldwide. The research aims to comprehensively evaluate HTA within the health and social systems and understand HTA within the national health system with regards to the level of knowledge about HTA, current HTA practices, application, capacity, gaps, and solutions by investigating the perceptions of health systems’ stakeholders in five countries, Canada, Switzerland, Lebanon, Palestine, and Tanzania selected according to the World Bank income classification. The project will last 12 months starts in January 2021 and ends in January 2022. A mixed-methods, quantitative and qualitative, along with a scoping review will be applied. In each country, fifty semi-structured questionnaires, twenty in-depth interviews, and one national focus group discussion will be conducted with health experts, managers, and policymakers selected purposively from the 1st and 2nd levels of the HS structure. Excel, IBM Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), and MAXQDA 12 (VERBI GmbH, Berlin) software programs will be used for data management and analysis. The research will form cutting-edge evidence and reference not only for the six countries, but also for the global, regional, and national endeavors with regards to opening a room for HTA best application and optimization based on the produced knowledge from this research. It will reveal lessons learned, determine gaps, and set an applicable strengthening framework for HTA. This framework will eventually aid the decision and policymakers in these countries, and other similar countries and international organizations to build a well-enabled and institutionalized HTA for better universal health coverage, health systems, and multi-sectoral development.

scholarly journals A Health Systems Strengthening Approach to Female Genital Fistula in Kenya

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Wala ◽  
Meggie Mwoka ◽  
Dan Okoro
Keyword(s):  
Health Systems ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Entry Point ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Insurance Cover ◽  
Genital Fistula ◽  
Universal Health ◽  
Female Genital

Aims: To contribute to Universal Health Coverage by strengthening the capacity of the health system in Kenya to address female genital fistula using NHIF as an entry point. Methods: This involves a revolving fund model using NHIF rebates from an initial donor funded payment of NHIF premiums for 3 years for as part of FGF management. USD 180 will be paid for NHIF subscription per patient. This will cover the woman and her dependents for 3 years. NHIF in return will pay a rebate of USD 600 per patient. The rebates will be used by County Governments for facility improvement especially on reproductive health services. This will be done with support from UNFPA who will provide technical guidance, capacity building, support of repair services and resource materials. Results: The expected results of this innovative approach include: Contribution to Universal Health Coverage through increased uptake of NHIF; increased knowledge of health workers on RMNCH and FGF management; insurance cover for fistula champion and her dependents; and strengthening policies and legislation around facility improvement funds. Conclusions: Addressing FGF will require a concentrated and coordinated effort at the national and local levels of different stakeholders under the leadership of the Ministry of Health (MOH) and county government to provide centralized coordination to ensure that quality services are available. Using NHIF as an entry point, the domino effect is health systems strengthening around FGF management and social health protection for household. This is a shift from the previous patient-focused management of fistula that had individual and not social impact.

scholarly journals Towards universal health coverage: what are the system requirements for effective large-scale community health worker programmes?

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (Suppl 9) ◽  
pp. e001046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uta Lehmann ◽  
Nana A Y Twum-Danso ◽  
Jennifer Nyoni
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Health Systems Strengthening ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Universal Health

Against the background of efforts to strengthen health systems for universal health coverage and health equity, many African countries have been relying on lay members of the community, often referred to as community health workers (CHWs), to deliver primary healthcare services. Growing demand and great variability in definitions, roles, governance and funding of CHWs have prompted the need to revisit CHW programmes and provide guidance on the implementation of successful programmes at scale. Drawing on the synthesised evidence from two extensive literature reviews, this article determines foundational elements of functioning CHW programmes, focusing in particular on the systems requirements of large-scale programmes. It makes recommendations for the effective development of large-scale CHW programmes. The key foundational elements of successful CHW programmes identified are (1) embeddedness, connectivity and integration into the larger system of healthcare service delivery; (2) cadre differentiation and role clarity in order to maintain clear scopes of work and accountability; (3) sound programme design based on local contextual factors and effective people management; and (4) ongoing monitoring, learning and adapting based on accurate and timely local data in order to ensure optimal fit to local context since one size does not fit all. We conclude that CHWs are an investment in health systems strengthening and community resilience with enormous potential for contributing to universal health coverage and the sustainable development goals if well designed and managed. While the evidence base is uneven and mixed, it provides extensive insight and knowledge to strengthen, scale up and sustain CHW programmes throughout Africa.

scholarly journals Universal health coverage and COVID-19: recent developments and implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Hussain ◽  
Sara Arif
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The World ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Universal Health

AbstractUniversal health coverage (UHC) is meant to access the key health services including disease prevention, treatment, rehabilitation, and health promotion. UHC varies according to demographics, epidemiology, and technology-based trends, as well as according to people’s expectations. Globally, the transition towards UHC has been associated with the intent of improving accessibility and affordability of healthcare. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the health systems of even the most developed economies of the world in an unprecedented manner. The situation is also very challenging for the countries with the existing health inequities as well as the countries with the developing healthcare systems. This has amplified the need to accelerate efforts to build strong and resilient health systems to achieve progress towards UHC. This commentary discusses a global overview of UHC in the wake of COVID19. It also highlights the initiatives taken by Pakistan to promote the goals of UHC.

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