scholarly journals Long term effect of reduced pack sizes of paracetamol on poisoning deaths and liver transplant activity in England and Wales: interrupted time series analyses

BMJ ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 346 (feb07 1) ◽  
pp. f403-f403 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hawton ◽  
H. Bergen ◽  
S. Simkin ◽  
S. Dodd ◽  
P. Pocock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Time Series Analyses ◽  
Poisoning Deaths

Long-Term Effect of Air Pollution on Mortality in England and Wales 2001-2006: A Change on Change Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Milojevic ◽  
Ben Armstrong ◽  
Pedram Lalla ◽  
Ian MacKenzie ◽  
Ruth Doherty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Change Analysis ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Long Term Effect

The Effectiveness of Antiterrorism Policies: A Vector-Autoregression-Intervention Analysis

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter Enders ◽  
Todd Sandler
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Vector Autoregression ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Intervention Analysis ◽  
Quarterly Data ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Metal Detectors

Using quarterly data from 1968 to 1988, we analyze the time series properties of the various attack modes used by transnational terrorists. Combining vector autoregression and intervention analysis, we find strong evidence of both substitutes and complements among the attack modes. We also evaluate the effectiveness of six policies designed to thwart terrorism. The existence of complements and substitutes means that policies designed to reduce one type of attack may affect other attack modes. For example, the installation of metal detectors in airports reduced skyjackings and diplomatic incidents but increased other kinds of hostage attacks (barricade missions, kidnappings) and assassinations. In the long run, embassy fortification decreased barricade missions but increased assassinations. The Reagan “get tough” policy, which resulted in the enactment of two laws in 1984 and a retaliatory raid on Libya in 1986, did not have any noticeable long-term effect on curbing terrorist attacks directed against U.S. interests.

scholarly journals Impact of Critical Illness Insurance on the Burden of High-Cost Rural Residents in Central China: An Interrupted Time Series Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (19) ◽  
pp. 3528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Li ◽  
Junnan Jiang ◽  
Li Xiang ◽  
Xuefeng Wang ◽  
Li Zeng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Critical Illness ◽  
Interrupted Time Series ◽  
Term Effect ◽  
Central China ◽  
Mutual Aid ◽  
Interrupted Time Series Analysis ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Impact

Critical illness insurance (CII) in China was introduced to protect high-cost groups from health expenditure shocks for the purpose of mutual aid. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of CII on the burden of high-cost groups in central rural China. Data were extracted from the basic medical insurance (BMI) hospitalization database of Xiantao City from January 2010 to December 2016. A total of 77,757 hospitalization records were included in our analysis. The out-of-pocket (OOP) expenses and reimbursement ratio (RR) were the two main outcome variables. Interrupted time series analysis with a segmented regression approach was adopted. Level and slope changes were reported to reflect short- and long-term effects, respectively. Results indicated that the number of high-cost inpatient visits, the average monthly hospitalization expenses, and OOP expenses per high-cost inpatient visit were increased after CII introduction. By contrast, the RR from BMI and non-reimbursable expenses ratio were decreased. The OOP expenses and RR covered by CII were higher than those uncovered. We estimated a significant level decrease in OOP expenses (p < 0.01) and rise in RR (p < 0.01), whereas the slope decreases of OOP expenses (p = 0.19) and rise of RR (p = 0.11) after the CII were non-significant. We concluded that the short-term effect of the CII policy is significant and contributes to decreasing OOP expenses and raising RR for high-cost groups, whereas the long-term effect is non-significant. These findings can be explained by increasing hospitalization expenses, many non-reimbursable expenses, low coverage for high-cost groups, and the unsustainability of the financing methods.

A long-term effect of subliminally presented words

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas T. Breuer ◽  
Michael E. J. Masson ◽  
Glen E. Bodner
Keyword(s):  
Term Effect ◽  
Long Term Effect
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