scholarly journals Is ocular toxoplasmosis caused by prenatal or postnatal infection?

2000 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E GILBERT
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Postnatal Infection

scholarly journals Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis in immunocompetent patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1515-1522
Author(s):  
Olivera Lijeskić ◽  
Tijana Štajner ◽  
Jelena Srbljanović ◽  
Aleksandra Radosavljević ◽  
Branko Bobić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Detection ◽  
Posterior Uveitis ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Maternal Infection ◽  
Parasite Strain ◽  
Dominant Type ◽  
Specific Igg ◽  
Postnatal Infection ◽  
Immunocompetent Patients ◽  
Atypical Strains

Introduction: Ocular toxoplasmosis is the most common cause of infectious posterior uveitis worldwide. It can be prenatal or postnatal in origin. Despite estimations that postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is more prevalent, only several cases of proven postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis have been reported in non-epidemic settings. Here, the clinical evolution of ocular toxoplasmosis of conclusively proven postnatal origin in immunocompetent patients is reported. Methodology: Postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis was diagnosed based on clinical diagnosis supported by the longitudinal detection of Toxoplasma gondii-specific IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies in the serum as well as by direct detection of the parasite (bioassay) and/or its DNA (real-time PCR) in aqueous humor. Results: Three cases involved adults in whom ocular toxoplasmosis developed during primary T. gondii infection, as part of the clinical presentation in two and as the sole manifestation in one patient. The fourth patient was a case of inactive ocular toxoplasmosis in a 14-year-old boy, where postnatal infection was confirmed by exclusion of maternal infection. The causative parasite strain was genotyped in only one case and it belonged to genotype II, the dominant type in Europe. One patient acquired the infection in Africa, suggesting an atypical strain. Conclusions: The distinction between prenatal and postnatal ocular toxoplasmosis is only possible in particular clinical situations, and requires extensive laboratory investigation. Genotyping of the parasite strain involved may be important, particularly if atypical strains are suspected, requiring tailored treatment approaches.

scholarly journals Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Mechanisms of Retinal Infection and Experimental Models

Parasitologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Veronica Rodriguez Fernandez ◽  
Giovanni Casini ◽  
Fabrizio Bruschi
Keyword(s):  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Pigment Epithelium ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Cell Infection

Ocular toxoplasmosis (OT) is caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii and affects many individuals throughout the world. Infection may occur through congenital or acquired routes. The parasites enter the blood circulation and reach both the retina and the retinal pigment epithelium, where they may cause cell damage and cell death. Different routes of access are used by T. gondii to reach the retina through the retinal endothelium: by transmission inside leukocytes, as free parasites through a paracellular route, or after endothelial cell infection. A main feature of OT is the induction of an important inflammatory state, and the course of infection has been shown to be influenced by the host immunogenetics. On the other hand, there is evidence that the T. gondii phenotype also has an impact on the distribution of the pathology in different areas. Although considerable knowledge has been acquired on OT, a deeper knowledge of its mechanisms is necessary to provide new, more targeted treatment strategies. In particular, in addition to in vitro and in vivo experimental models, organotypic, ex vivo retinal explants may be useful in this direction.

scholarly journals P54 Development of ocular toxoplasmosis and panuveitis in a patient receiving infliximab for psoriatic arthritis

Rheumatology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariam Malik ◽  
Himashi Anver ◽  
Ernest Wong
Keyword(s):  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Past History ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Immunosuppressive Treatment ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Horse Riding ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acute Toxoplasmosis

Abstract Background Toxoplasma gondii is thought to infect up to a third of world’s population. Incidence rate of 0.4/100,000 has been calculated in Britain, culminating in a life-time risk of 18/100,000. Cats are primary hosts, but humans and warm-blooded animals can be infected by consumption of contaminated food/water. Although in most patients, it’s self-limiting, it can be devastating in immunosuppressed patients and may cause eye manifestations, cerebral abscesses or disseminated infection. Immunosuppressive therapies including treatment with biologics increases the risk and may also cause toxoplasmosis reactivation. Methods This is case of 57 year old lady with psoriatic arthritis. She has past history of congenital vision impairment in the left eye and is HLA B27 negative. She enjoyed horse-riding and had a pet dog. Initially she was started on methotrexate. Sulfasalazine was added later. Due to ongoing active disease, etanercept was used for 6 months, before being switched to cetrolizumab due to ineffectiveness. She had this for 5 months and then switched to infliximab, 3mg/kg, 8 weekly. In May 2019, she was seen by Ophthalmology for 2 weeks history of blurred vision and floaters in right eye. She was diagnosed to have panuveitis and had positive IgM for toxoplasma. Bloods revealed negative TB screen, HIV, Hep B&C, syphilis, lyme and anti-streptolysin antibody tests were negative. Infliximab levels were sub-therapeutic. She was commenced on 30mg prednisolone for possible inflammatory process secondary to seronegative arthropathy, but acute toxoplasmosis could not be excluded. Hence, she was started on azithromycin and had vitreous biopsy. Toxoplasma was detected in the sample, confirming acute infection. Methotrexate and infliximab were stopped. MRI head ruled out intracranial involvement. Following treatment of acute toxoplasmosis, adalimumab is now being considered for management of her inflammatory disease, with close monitoring by local infectious-disease team and specialist ophthalmology unit. Results This lady developed ocular toxoplasmosis and panuveitis, whilst on immunosuppression for psoriatic arthritis. She was a horse-rider and had exposure to dogs. Diagnosing toxoplasma in immunocompromised can be difficult. Isolation of T. gondii in tissue usually confirms diagnosis. Some forms of immunosuppressive treatment may be associated with increased risk of reactivation of toxoplasmosis but there is not much evidence to assess the relative risk of various therapies. Conclusion Ocular toxoplasmosis needs to be considered in patients receiving immunosupression and presenting with inflammatory eye symptoms. Management requires specialist input and close monitoring. Further research into diagnostic techniques, possibility of using prophylaxis in high-risk patients and management guidelines would be helpful. Disclosures M. Malik None. H. Anver None. E. Wong None.

scholarly journals Ocular Toxoplasmosis and Pars Planitis

1979 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 591-592
Author(s):  
S. J. H. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Pars Planitis

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii and ocular toxoplasmosis: pathogenesis.

1996 ◽  
Vol 80 (12) ◽  
pp. 1099-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E Pavesio ◽  
S Lightman
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis

Ocular Toxoplasmosis: Therapy-Related Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Management

2017 ◽  
Vol 234 (04) ◽  
pp. 556-560 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Helfenstein ◽  
S. Zweifel ◽  
D. Barthelmes ◽  
F. Meier ◽  
J. Fehr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Drug Reactions

Intravitreal bevacizumab (Avastin) as primary and rescue treatment for choroidal neovascularization secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salim Ben Yahia ◽  
Carl P. Herbort ◽  
Salah Jenzeri ◽  
Kamel Hmidi ◽  
Sonia Attia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Choroidal Neovascularization ◽  
Intravitreal Bevacizumab ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Rescue Treatment

Inoculation with Bartonella Henselae Followed by Feline Herpesvirus 1 Fails to Activate Ocular Toxoplasmosis in Chronically Infected Cats

2002 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
CC Powell ◽  
DL Kordick ◽  
MR Lappin
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Anterior Uveitis ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Feline Herpesvirus ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Disease Free

Infection by Toxoplasma gondii is very common in cats although most remain disease free. The factors that trigger development of uveitis in some cats infected with T gondii have not been elucidated, but infection by more than one organism may be contributory. In this study, cats chronically infected with T gondii were inoculated with Bartonella henselae followed by FHV-1 to test the hypothesis that immune stimulation by multiple infections will reactivate ocular toxoplasmosis. Anterior uveitis and chorioretinitis were not detected in the cats with chronic T gondii infection thus allowing rejection of the hypothesis using this experimental design.

Expanded Spectrum of Optical Coherence Tomography Findings in Patients with Ocular Toxoplasmosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nazanin Ebrahimiadib ◽  
Kaveh Fadakar ◽  
Alireza Hedayatfar ◽  
Masoud Soheilian ◽  
Seyedeh Maryam Hosseini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Coherence Tomography ◽  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Optical Coherence

Massive Congenital Ocular Toxoplasmosis

1976 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 259-265
Author(s):  
Milton C Pettapiece ◽  
David A Hiles ◽  
Bruce L Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Toxoplasmosis
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