scholarly journals Associations of obesity with modifiable risk factors for the development of cardiovascular disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

2008 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Stavropoulos-Kalinoglou ◽  
G S Metsios ◽  
V F Panoulas ◽  
K M J Douglas ◽  
A M Nevill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
And Gender

Objectives:To assess the association of body mass index (BMI) with modifiable cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods:BMI, disease activity, selected CVD risk factors and CVD medication were assessed in 378 (276 women) patients with RA. Patients exceeding accepted thresholds in ⩾3 CVD risk factors were classified as having the metabolic syndrome (MetS).Results:BMI independently associated with hypertension (OR = 1.28 (95% CI = 1.22 to 1.34); p = 0.001), high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.10 (95% CI = 1.06 to 1.15); p = 0.025), insulin resistance (OR = 1.13 (95% CI = 1.08 to 1.18); p = 0.000) and MetS (OR = 1.15 (95% CI = 1.08 to 1.21); p = 0.000). In multivariable analyses, BMI had the strongest associations with CVD risk factors (F1–354 = 8.663, p = 0.000), and this was followed by lipid-lowering treatment (F1–354 = 7.651, p = 0.000), age (F1–354 = 7.541, p = 0.000), antihypertensive treatment (F1–354 = 4.997, p = 0.000) and gender (F1–354 = 4.707, p = 0.000). Prevalence of hypertension (p = 0.004), insulin resistance (p = 0.005) and MetS (p = 0.000) was significantly different between patients with RA who were normal, overweight and obese, and BMI differed significantly according to the number of risk factors present (p = 0.000).Conclusions:Increasing BMI associates with increased CVD risk independently of many confounders. RA-specific BMI cut-off points better identify patients with RA at increased CVD risk. Weight-loss regimens should be developed and applied in order to reduce CVD in patients with RA.

Survey of cardiovascular disease and risk factor management in patients with rheumatoid arthritis across 5 world regions: results from the SURF-RA

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.N.N.E Semb ◽  
E Ikdahl ◽  
J Sexton ◽  
G Kitas ◽  
P Van Riel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
East Europe ◽  
World Regions ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are at high risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Purpose The aim of this survey was to evaluate updated information on CVD risk factors, comorbidities, RA disease characteristics, RA and CVD preventive medication in patient with RA. Methods The audit is termed SUrvey of cardiovascular disease Risk Factors in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (SURF-RA) and was performed in 53 centres/19 countries/5 world regions in 2014–2019. SURF-RA have been performed in patients with coronary heart disease, in primary care, and now in patients with stroke, SLE and antiphophlipid syndrome. The survey was approved by the Data Protection Officer (2017/7243) and a GDPR evaluation has been performed (10/10–2018). Results Among 14 503 patients with RA in West (n=8 493) and East (n=923) Europe, Latin (n=407) and North (n=4 030) America and Asia (n=650) the mean (SD) age was 59.9 (13.6) years, and 2/3 or more were female (table). RA disease duration was comparable across the world regions, ranging from 9.9 to 12.6 years. The prevalence of atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) was lowest in Latin America (2.5%) and highest in East Europe (21.4%), and this pattern was similar regarding familial premature CVD. The mean prevalence (% of each entity) of blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg was 5.3%, of low density lipoprotein cholesterol >2.5 mmol/L: 63.3%. Overall, 29% used antihypertensive medication, lowest in West Europe (17.4%) and highest in East Europe (57.0%), and 26.4% used lipid lowering agent(s), lowest in Asia (7.2%) and highest in North America (31.1%). Body mass index >30 kg/m2 was present in 26.6%, with the smallest waist circumference in Asia [mean (SD): 84.1 (13.6) cm] and highest in East Europe [92.5 (15.5) cm]. The proportion of current smokers was on average: 16.2%, lowest in Asia (7.8%) and highest in East Europe (28.5%). Conclusion The high prevalence of CVD risk factors and ASCVD in patients with RA across five world regions shows that there is still an unmet need for vigilance and improved implementation of preventive measures in this high CVD risk patient population. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Other. Main funding source(s): Lilly

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors among undergraduate medical students in a tertiary care centre of eastern India: a pilot study

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somnath Mukhopadhay ◽  
Anindya Mukherjee ◽  
Dibbendhu Khanra ◽  
Biaus Samanta ◽  
Avik Karak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Risk Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Abstract Background Handful studies report the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among medical students from India and none from the eastern part of the country. Aim To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of CVD and their correlation with CVD risk ratio among the MBBS students from eastern India. Methods 433 students were studied. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form was used for assessment of physical activity and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to elicit psychological stress levels. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated as the CVD risk ratio. Results 39.3% were women and 68.6% of the subjects were in junior classes. 22.4% subjects had high PSS while 30% performed low physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol intake was prevalent in 29.3% and 21.0% respectively. High CVD risk ratio was found in 14.3%. Most risk factors were more prevalent among juniors except diabetes. Among the non-overweight and non-obese subjects there was a significant positive correlation between WHtR and CVD risk score (R = 0.33, p < 0.001). 82.7% of the variance in CVD risk ratio could be explained by WHtR, Body mass index, Triglycerides and Low-density lipoprotein (F(7, 425) = 296.085), of which LDL (β = 0.755) contributed the most. Conclusions High prevalence of different modifiable CVD risk factors revealed among the subjects in this study is concerning. WHtR appears promising as an independent early predictor of CVD risk in Indian population. A dedicated CVD risk assessment tool for the young population is necessary.

scholarly journals Impact of Low-Fat and Full-Fat Dairy Intake on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 563-563
Author(s):  
Kelsey Schmidt ◽  
Gail Cromer ◽  
Maggie Burhans ◽  
Jessica Kuzma ◽  
Derek Hagman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Low Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Intervention Effect ◽  
Dairy Foods ◽  
Dairy Fat ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

Abstract Objectives Dairy fat has been hypothesized to promote cardiovascular disease (CVD) due to its high saturated fat content, contributing to recommendations to consume low-fat dairy foods. However, emerging evidence indicates that dairy fat does not negatively impact CVD risk, particularly when consumed in foods with a complex matrix. Though, few trials have directly compared the effect of low-fat versus full-fat dairy foods. Therefore, we aimed to test the effects of diets rich in low-fat or full-fat dairy on CVD risk factors, compared to a limited dairy diet. We hypothesized that diets rich in dairy would not impact CVD risk factors. Methods Seventy-two participants with the metabolic syndrome completed a 4-week wash-in period; limiting their dairy intake to ≤ 3 servings of skim milk per week. Participants were then randomized to either continue the limited dairy diet or switch to a diet containing 3.3 servings per day of either low-fat or full-fat milk, yogurt, and cheese for 12-weeks. The plasma lipid profile and blood pressure were assessed before and after the intervention period. Results In the per protocol analysis (n = 66), there was no intervention effect on fasting plasma total-, low-density lipoprotein-, and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, free fatty acids, or cholesterol content in 38 isolated lipoprotein fractions (p &gt; 0.1 for all variables). There was also no intervention effect on diastolic blood pressure. There was a significant difference among the diet interventions for systolic blood pressure (P = 0.045), with a trend for a decrease in the low-fat dairy diet compared to the limited dairy diet in post hoc testing after adjustment for multiple testing. Conclusions In individuals with the metabolic syndrome, consuming 3.3 servings of dairy per day, regardless of fat content, did not affect blood lipids and modestly improved blood pressure compared to a diet virtually free of dairy. This provides further evidence that dairy fat, when consumed as part of complex whole foods, does not significantly impact CVD risk factors. Funding Sources This work was supported by the National Dairy Council, Dairy Farmers of Canada, the Dutch Dairy Association, Dairy Australia, and the French Dairy Interbranch Organization.

scholarly journals The Association of Breakfast Frequency and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) Risk Factors among Adolescents in Malaysia

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norashikin Mustafa ◽  
Hazreen Abd Majid ◽  
Zoi Toumpakari ◽  
Harriet Amy Carroll ◽  
Muhammad Yazid Jalaludin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Diet History ◽  
Malaysian Adolescents

Breakfast frequency is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in Western populations, possibly via the types of food eaten or the timing of food consumption, but associations in Malaysian adolescents are unknown. While the timing of breakfast is similar, the type of food consumed at breakfast in Malaysia differs from Western diets, which allows novel insight into the mechanisms underlying breakfast–CVD risk associations. We investigated foods eaten for breakfast and associations between breakfast frequency and CVD risk factors in the Malaysian Health and Adolescents Longitudinal Research Team study (MyHeARTs). Breakfast (frequency of any food/drink reported as breakfast in 7-day diet history interviews) and CVD risk factors (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fasting blood glucose, triacylglycerol, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and systolic and diastolic blood pressure) were cross-sectionally associated using linear regression adjusting for potential confounders (n = 795, age 13 years). Twelve percent of adolescents never ate breakfast and 50% ate breakfast daily, containing mean (SD) 400 (±127) kilocalories. Commonly consumed breakfast foods were cereal-based dishes (primarily rice), confectionery (primarily sugar), hot/powdered drinks (primarily Milo), and high-fat milk (primarily sweetened condensed milk). After adjustment, each extra day of breakfast consumption per week was associated with a lower BMI (−0.34 kg/m2, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.02, −0.66), and serum total (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.13) and LDL (−0.07 mmol/L 95% CI −0.02, −0.12) cholesterol concentrations. Eating daily breakfast in Malaysia was associated with slightly lower BMI and total and LDL cholesterol concentrations among adolescents. Longitudinal studies and randomized trials could further establish causality.

scholarly journals Reversal Rate of Clustering of Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome in the General Population: The Niigata Preventive Medicine Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinsuke Okada ◽  
Akiko Suzuki ◽  
Hiroshi Watanabe ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Yoshifusa Aizawa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Reversal Rate ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome

The reversal rate from clustering of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors—components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) is not known.Methods and Results. Among 35,534 subjects who received the annual health examinations at the NiigataHealth Foundation (Niigata, Japan), 4,911 subjects had clustering of 3 or more of the following CVD risk factors: (1) body mass index (BMI) ≥25 Kg/m2, (2) blood pressure ≥130 mm Hg in systolic and/or ≥85 mm Hg in diastolic, (3) triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL, (4) high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL in men, ≤50 mg/dL in women, and (5) fasting blood glucose ≥100 mg/dL. After 5 years 1,929 subjects had a reversal of clustering (39.4%). A reversal occurred more often in males. The subjects with a reversal of clustering had milder level of each risk factor and a smaller number of risk factors, while BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.Conclusion. We concluded that a reversal of clustering CVD risk factors is possible in 4/10 subjects over a 5-year period by habitual or medical interventions. Gender and each CVD risk factor affected the reversal rate adversely, and BMI was associated with the least chance of a reversal.

scholarly journals Association between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease risk factors in West Virginia

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-95
Author(s):  
Amna Umer ◽  
Candice Hamilton ◽  
Lesley Cottrell ◽  
Peter Giacobbi ◽  
Kim Innes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
West Virginia ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe reported associations between birth weight and childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been inconsistent. In this study, we investigated the relationship between birth weight and CVD risk factors at 11 years of age. This study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets (N = 22,136) in West Virginia; analysis was restricted to children born full-term (N = 19,583). The outcome variables included resting blood pressure [systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP)] and lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, non-HDL, and triglycerides (TG)]. Multiple regression analyses were performed, adjusting for child’s body mass index (BMI), sociodemographics, and lifestyle characteristics. Unadjusted analyses showed a statistically significant association between birth weight and SBP, DBP, HDL, and TG. When adjusted for the child’s BMI, the association between birth weight and HDL [b = 0.14 (95% CI: 0.11, 0.18) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] and between birth weight and TG [b = –0.007 (–0.008, –0.005) mg/dl per 1000 g increase] remained statistically significant. In the fully adjusted model, low birth weight was associated with higher LDL, non-HDL, and TGs, and lower HDL levels. The child’s current BMI at 11 years of age partially (for HDL, non-HDL, and TG) and fully mediated (for SBP and DBP) the relationship between birth weight and select CVD risk factors. While effects were modest, these risk factors may persist and amplify with age, leading to potentially unfavorable consequences in later adulthood.

scholarly journals Associations between Health-Related Physical Fitness and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Overweight and Obese University Staff

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9031
Author(s):  
Jiangang Chen ◽  
Yuan Zhou ◽  
Xinliang Pan ◽  
Xiaolong Li ◽  
Jiamin Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
University Staff ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health Related

Purpose: This cross-sectional study examined the associations between health-related physical fitness (HPF) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in overweight and obese university staff. Methods: A total of 340 university staff (109 women, mean age 43.1 ± 9.7 years) with overweight (n = 284) and obesity (n = 56) were included. The HPF indicators included skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), body fat percentage (BFP), grip strength (GS), sit-and-reach test (SRT), and vital capacity index (VCI). CVD risk factors were measured, including uric acid (UA), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and glucose (GLU). Results: BFP, SMI, and GS were positively associated with UA level (β = 0.239, β = 0.159, β = 0.139, p < 0.05). BFP was positively associated with TG and TG/HDL-C levels (β = 0.421, β = 0.259, p < 0.05). GS was positively associated with HDL-C level (β = 0.244, p < 0.05). SRT was negatively associated with GLU level (β = −0.130, p < 0.05). Conclusions: In overweight and obese university staff, body composition, muscle strength, and flexibility were associated with CVD risk factors. An HPF test may be a practical nonmedical method to assess CVD risk.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular disease risk factors and blood pressure response during exercise in healthy children and adolescents: The European Youth Heart Study

2010 ◽  
Vol 109 (4) ◽  
pp. 1125-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niels C. Møller ◽  
Anders Grøntved ◽  
Niels Wedderkopp ◽  
Mathias Ried-Larsen ◽  
Peter L. Kristensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Raised blood pressure (BP) response during exercise independently predicts future hypertension. Subjects with higher BP in childhood also have elevated BP later in life. Therefore, the factors related to the regulation of exercise BP in children needs to be well understood. We hypothesized that physiological cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors would influence BP response during exercise in children and adolescents. This is a cross-sectional study of 439 Danish third-grade children and 364 ninth-grade adolescents. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was measured with sphygmomanometer during a maximal aerobic fitness test. Examined CVD risk factors were high-density lipoprotein (HDL)- and low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, triglyceride, homeostasis model of assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) score, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and aerobic fitness. A random effect model was used to test the hypotheses. In boys, HOMA-IR score and BMI were positively related to SBP response during exercise (β = 1.03, P = 0.001, and β = 0.58, P = 0.017, respectively). The effects sizes of HOMA-IR score and BMI and the significance levels only changed slightly (β = 0.91, P = 0.004, and β = 0.43, P = 0.08, respectively) when the two variables were added in the same model. A significant positive association was observed between aerobic fitness and SBP response in girls (β = 3.13 and P = 0.002). HOMA-IR score and BMI were found to be positively related to the SBP response in male children and youth. At least partly, adiposity and insulin sensitivity seem to influence exercise SBP through different mechanisms. The positive relationship observed between aerobic fitness and SBP response in girls remains unexplainable for us, although post hoc analyses revealed that it was the case in the ninth graders only.

scholarly journals Comparison of Muscular Endurance and Hypertrophy Resistance Training on Cardiovascular Disease Risk in Sedentary Male Smokers

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandon Stuwart Shaw ◽  
Stacey Turner ◽  
Ina Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscular Endurance ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) exemplifies a major medical problem as it is the most considerable cause of morbidity and mortality. While sport conditioning specialists understand and differentiate the different benefits of resistance training (RT) subtypes on athletic performance, this distinction is less clear for health professionals when designing CVD risk reduction programs. Objectives: This study attempted to investigate and compare the effects of hypertrophy and muscular endurance RT on CVD risk in sedentary males. Methods: Sedentary male smokers were randomly assigned to either an eight-week hypertrophy RT group (HTG) (n = 15), muscular endurance RT groups (METG) (n = 15), or a non-exercising control group (CON) (n = 15) to assess their impact on smoking, blood pressure, cholesterol, and cardiorespiratory fitness (VO2max) variables associated with the four most prominent CVD risk factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS-25 software using a paired sample t-test and ANOVA. Results: Significant (P ≤ 0.05) improvements were found in three of the 15 measured variables in the HTG (resting mean arterial pressure (RMAP) (P = 0.024); total cholesterol (TC): HDL-C ratio (P = 0.009), and HDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) ratio (P = 0.038), with a deleterious decrease in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P = 0.027). In turn, significant improvements were found in the METG in 10 of the 15 measured variables, namely; cigarettes smoked per day (P = 0.037), resting systolic blood pressure (RSBP) (P = 0.002), resting diastolic blood pressure (RDBP) (P = 0.006), RMAP (P = 0.000), TC (P = 0.010), triglycerides (TG) (P = 0.010), LDL-C (P = 0.007), HDL-C: LDL-C (P = 0.018), non-HDL-C (n-HDL-C) (P = 0.010), and VO2max (P = 0.001), and a deleterious decrease in HDL-C (P = 0.026). Conclusions: While the oversimplification of RT design for CVD reduction has resulted in cardio-centric CVD training programs, this study demonstrates that some subtypes of RT (i.e. muscular endurance training) may prove more useful than others in reducing multiple CVD risk factors simultaneously.

Abstract P145: Association Between Birth Weight and Childhood and Maternal Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Full Term Birth Infants

Circulation ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 135 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amna Umer ◽  
Candice Hamilton ◽  
Cris Britton ◽  
Lesley Cottrell ◽  
Peter Giacobbi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Adjusted Analysis

Introduction: Reported associations between birth weight (BTW) and childhood cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors have been inconsistent. The relationship between infants’ BTW and later maternal CVD is also a more recent and active area of research. We aimed to examine the association between BTW and subsequent childhood and maternal CVD risk factors 11 years post-partum. Methods: The study used longitudinally linked data from three cross-sectional datasets in West Virginia (N=19,583). The outcome variables included blood pressure for children and lipid levels for both mothers and children. The exposure was BTW of the infants born full-term. The role of the child’s current body mass index (BMI) was assessed as a potential mediator. Results: Unadjusted analyses showed a positive association between BTW and the child’s systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), and a negative association with triglycerides (TGs). When adjusted for the child’s BMI, the association became non-significant for SBP and DBP but remained significant for HDL [β= 0.14 mg/dL (95% CI: 0.11, 0.18) per1000g increase in BTW] and TGs [β= -0.007 mg/dL (-0.008, -0.005) per 1000g increase in BTW]. Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and non-HDL became significant and negatively associated with BTW in the adjusted analysis [LDL (β = -0.1 mg/dL (-0.19, - 0.16) per 1000 g increase in BTW; non-HDL (b = - 0.18 mg/dL (-0.28, -0.09) per 1000 g increase in BTW]. There was a positive association between infant’s birth weight and maternal total cholesterol (TC) levels, which became non-significant in the adjusted analysis [β = 0.4 (95% CI: -0.01, 0.90) mg/dL per1000g increase in birth weight]. None of the other maternal lipids levels (LDL, HDL, and TG) were significant in the unadjusted or the adjusted analysis. Conclusion: Low BTW was associated with higher LDL, non-HDL, and TGs, and lower HDL levels in fifth grade children independent of the current weight status. As childhood CVD risk factors persist and are often amplified over time, these small effect sizes can have potential unfavorable consequences on lipid levels in later adulthood.

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