Needle Electromyographic Activity of Myofascial Trigger Points and Control Sites in Equine Cleido-Brachialis Muscle – An Observational Study

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne Macgregor ◽  
Dietrich Graf von Schweinitz
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Spike Activity ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Emg Activity ◽  
Electromyographic Activity ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Spontaneous Electrical Activity

Background Myofascial trigger points are commonly described in humans, and many studies have shown abnormal spontaneous electrical activity, spike activity and local twitch responses at these sites. Myofascial trigger points have only rarely been described in horses, and studies of their electrophysiological characteristics have not previously been published. The objective of this study was to explore the electromyographic (EMG) and other characteristics of myofascial trigger points in equine muscle, and to compare them with normal muscle tissue. Methods Four horses with chronic pain signs and impaired performance were examined. They had previously been examined at the second author's practice, and showed signs compatible with the diagnosis of myofascial trigger points in their cleidobrachialis (brachiocephalic) muscle, ie localised tender spots in a taut band of skeletal muscle which produced a local twitch response on snapping palpation. They had therefore been selected for treatment with acupuncture. Needle EMG activity and twitch responses were recorded at 25 positions at the trigger point and at a nearby control point during the course of each horse's acupuncture treatment. Results All subjects demonstrated objective signs of spontaneous electrical activity, spike activity and local twitch responses at the myofascial trigger point sites within taut bands. The frequency of these signs was significantly greater at myofascial trigger points than at control sites (P<0.05). Conclusion Equine myofascial trigger points can be identified, and have similar objective signs and electrophysiological properties to those documented in human and rabbit skeletal muscle tissue. The important differences from findings in human studies are that referred pain patterns and the reproduction of pain profile cannot be determined in animals.

scholarly journals Myelinated Afferents Are Involved in Pathology of the Spontaneous Electrical Activity and Mechanical Hyperalgesia of Myofascial Trigger Spots in Rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Meng ◽  
Hong-You Ge ◽  
Yong-Hui Wang ◽  
Shou-Wei Yue
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Behavioral Assessment ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Mechanical Hyperalgesia ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Spontaneous Electrical Activity ◽  
Muscular Pain ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Neurofilament 200 ◽  
Mechanical Pain Thresholds

Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are common causes for chronic pain. Myelinated afferents were considered to be related with muscular pain, and our clinical researches indicated they might participate in the pathology of MTrPs. Here, we applied myofascial trigger spots (MTrSs, equal to MTrPs in human) of rats to further investigate role of myelinated afferents. Modified pyridine-silver staining revealed more nerve endings at MTrSs than non-MTrSs (P<0.01), and immunohistochemistry with Neurofilament 200 indicated more myelinated afferents existed in MTrSs (P<0.01). Spontaneous electrical activity (SEA) recordings at MTrSs showed that specific block of myelinated afferents in sciatic nerve with tetrodotoxin (TTX) led to significantly decreased SEA (P<0.05). Behavioral assessment showed that mechanical pain thresholds (MPTs) of MTrSs were lower than those of non-MTrSs (P<0.01). Block of myelinated afferents by intramuscular TTX injection increased MPTs of MTrSs significantly (P<0.01), while MPTs of non-MTrSs first decreased (P<0.05) and then increased (P>0.05). 30 min after the injection, MPTs at MTrSs were significantly lower than those of non-MTrSs (P<0.01). Therefore, we concluded that proliferated myelinated afferents existed at MTrSs, which were closely related to pathology of SEA and mechanical hyperalgesia of MTrSs.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Myofascial Trigger Points of Gastrocnemius in Dancers

2019 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Padmaja Guruprasad ◽  
Mrudula Sangaokar ◽  
Tushar Palekar
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Observational Study ◽  
Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
High Prevalence

Myofascial trigger points are hyperirritable spot which is usually a taut band of skeletal muscle, which is painful on compression and give rise to musculoskeletal dysfunction. Gastrocnemus muscle being the main muscle of mobility and stabilty in dancers. Due to this constant use of this muscle in various dance forms and the fatigue caused, it may cause trigger points. Objective To study the occurrence of trigger points in dancers. To study prevalence of trigger points in various dance forms and finding out which dance form dancers have high prevalence for trigger point. To study the correlation of presence of trigger point and strength of the gastrocnemius muscle. Materials and Methodology This is an observational study comprising of 100 samples who were trained dancers. Dancers of bharatnatayam, kathak and contemporary form were included and were palpated for trigger points, which were then presented in tabular and graphical manner. Results and Conclusion Results showed 52 % have trigger point in gastrocnemius and 48% did not have trigger point in gastrocnemius. Out of the 3 dance forms selected, bharatnatayam dancers showed more prevalence of trigger point of gastrocnemius.

Myofascial Trigger Points: Pathophysiology and Correlation with Acupuncture Points

2000 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Zern Hong
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Science Studies ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Referred Pain ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points ◽  
Spontaneous Electrical Activity ◽  
Twitch Response ◽  
Active Locus

A review is made of recent studies on myofascial trigger points (MTrP) and their mechanism is discussed. Clinical and basic science studies have shown that there are multiple MTrP loci in a MTrP region. A MTrP locus contains a sensory component (sensitive locus) and a motor component (active locus). A sensitive locus is a point from which tenderness or pain, referred pain, and local twitch response can be elicited by mechanical stimulation. Sensitive loci (probably sensitised nociceptors) are widely distributed in the whole muscle, but are concentrated in the endplate zone. An active locus is a site from which spontaneous electrical activity can be recorded. Active loci appear to be dysfunctional endplates since spontaneous electrical activity is essentially the same as the electrical activity reported by neurophysiologists as that recorded from an abnormal endplate. A MTrP is always found in a taut band which is histologically related to contraction knots caused by excessive release of acetylcholine in abnormal endplates. Both referred pain and local twitch response are mediated through spinal cord mechanisms, as demonstrated in both human and animal studies. The pathogenesis of MTrPs appears to be related to integration in the spinal cord of response to the disturbance of nerve endings and abnormal contractile mechanism at multiple dysfunctional endplates. There are many similarities between MTrPs and acupuncture points including their location and distribution, pain and referred pain patterns, local twitch responses (de qi), and possible spinal cord mechanism.

Spontaneous Electrical Activity at Combined Acupuncture and Myofascial Trigger Point Sites

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam A Ward
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Myofascial Pain ◽  
Trigger Point ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Point ◽  
Spontaneous Electrical Activity ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Neck And Shoulder Pain ◽  
Myofascial Pain And Dysfunction

Small, localised areas of spontaneous electrical activity were found at combined acupuncture and myofascial trigger point sites, corresponding to Gall Bladder 21 in the Trapezius and Small Intestine 11 in the Infraspinatus, in patients with active myofascial neck and shoulder pain. The monopolar needle EMG techniques used to assess spontaneous electrical activity offer the possibility of providing an objective measure of both point activity and the effects of therapeutic intervention. Further studies are needed to examine not just the painful lesion itself, but its dynamic relationship with its corresponding spinal segment and associated higher centres. There are important similarities between acupuncture pain points and trigger points, and observations of both can be used profitably in further studies of myofascial pain and dysfunction.

scholarly journals DRY NEEDLING SEBAGAI TERAPI NYERI MIOFASIAL SERVIKAL

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanik Badriyah Hidayat ◽  
Annisa Oktavianti
Keyword(s):  
Trigger Point ◽  
Trigger Points ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Point ◽  
Dry Needling ◽  
Myofascial Trigger Points

Nyeri miofasial servikal (NMS) merupakan sumber nyeri umum pada individu dengan nyeri leher kronik nonspesifik. Nyeri dapat bersifat lokal, regional dan dapat juga memiliki banyak titik pemicu nyeri (myofascial trigger points/MTrPs). NMS menyebabkan nyeri di daerah otot servikal maupun fasia di sekitarnya. Nyeri leher menurunkan kualitas hidup, menurunkan produktivitas dan menyebabkan disabilitas sehingga berpengaruh secara sosioekonomi terhadap penderita dan masyarakat.Pengobatan sindrom nyeri miofasial servikal masih belum memuaskan terkait kronisitasnya. Dry needling (DN) adalah salah satu pilihan terapi nonfarmakologi yang bisa diterapkan pada NMS. DN akan mengurangi sensitisasi perifer dan sentral dengan menghilangkan sumber nosisepsi perifer (area MTrPs), memodulasi aktifitas kornu dorsalis dan mengaktifkan jalur inhibisi nyeri sentral.Neurolog sering menangani kasus NMS dan perkembangan DN akhir-akhir ini semakin pesat sebagai manajemen nyeri. Namun, keefektifan terapi DN masih belum jelas. Oleh karena itu, pengetahuan tentang peran DN pada NMS ini penting untuk diketahui oleh para neurolog. Artikel kami akan membahas tentang peran DN pada sindrom nyeri miofasial servikal.Kata kunci: Dry needling, nyeri miofasial servikal, terapi, myofascial trigger point

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