Assessment on the effects of the operational conditions on the manufacture of PLA-based composites using an integrated compounding–injection moulding machine

2011 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 1509-1527
Author(s):  
Daniel González ◽  
Ana Rita Campos ◽  
Antonio M. Cunha ◽  
Valentín Santos ◽  
Juan Carlos Parajó
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Density Flow ◽  
Fibre Degradation ◽  
Moulding Machine

Cellulose fibres were employed as reinforcement agent for biodegradable composites using polylactic acid (PLA) as a polymer matrix. PLA can be obtained from renewable resources, and it is attracting much interest owing to its favourable physico-mechanical properties and biodegradability. Prior to composite compounding, two commercial PLA from different suppliers were characterized for apparent density, flow index, crystallinity, thermal properties, melt flow rheology and intrinsic viscosity for comparison. In experiments performed with an integrated compounding–injection moulding machine (ICIM), the effects of the processing conditions on the mechanical properties of composites (tensile strength, stiffness and strain at break) were analyzed using a Taguchi experimental design. Other properties of the composites, such as surface morphology and fibre length distribution, were also considered. ICIM technology provided composites with better mechanical properties and lower fibre degradation than the conventional sequential extrusion and injection moulding (SEIM) technology.

The effects of TMP and filler stratifying on wet web runnability and end product quality of fine paper

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
Antti Oksanen ◽  
Kristian Salminen ◽  
Jarmo Kouko ◽  
Elias Retulainen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Filler Content ◽  
Length Distribution ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paper Machine ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Purity Analysis

Abstract Increase of filler content in paper improves quality of the final product and reduces raw material costs. However, this is often accompanied by deterioration of paper machine runnability. In this paper the effects of stratifying PCC (precipitated calcium carbonate) and TMP on fine paper quality and the mechanical properties of dry and wet paper were studied. In addition, a new method was introduced for evaluating the layer purity of pulp and filler stratifying by measuring the fibre length distribution in the thickness direction of the paper. The filler addition reduced the mechanical properties of paper more with chemical than mechanical pulps, with similar dry tensile indices. Stratifying filler onto paper surfaces gave higher dry tensile strength properties than samples with mixed structures, whereas only a small positive effect was detected for wet tensile and relaxation properties as a result of stratifying. Stratifying fillers only had a small negative effect on the internal bond strength. Stratifying or mixing TMP with a chemical pulp blend was shown to enable an increase in the filler content of 10% without significant changes in the residual tension (tension after 0.475 s of relaxation) or tensile index of wet samples. Based on layer purity analysis, stratifying TMP and filler was found to be successful in these trials.

scholarly journals A Study of the Effect of TiO2, CaCO3 and Al2O3 on Mechanical Properties of LDPE Polymer Composites Fabricated by Injection Moulding Technique

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164
Author(s):  
K R Dinesh ◽  
Gururaj Hatti
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Polymer Matrix Composites ◽  
Low Density Polyethylene ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Moulding Machine ◽  
Low Wear

Due to their cost effectiveness, greater strength and ease of fabrication, polymer composites are noticeable candidate almost in all areas. However, when they are used in their original form they possess very low wear resistance and hardness. The present investigation gives information on mechanical properties of polymer matrix composites where LDPE (Low density polyethylene) is used as polymer matrix and TiO2, Al2O3 and CaCO3 are used as reinforcements. The samples were prepared according to ASTM standards by injection moulding machine with varying percentage of reinforcements in polymer matrix. Tests viz., tensile, flexural impact are carried out.

Thermal and mechanical properties of glass fibre reinforced polyphenylene ether/polystyrene/nylon-6 ternary blends

2020 ◽  
pp. 096739112094949
Author(s):  
Prakash Hadimani ◽  
HN Narasimha Murthy ◽  
Rajalakshmi Mudbidre
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Nylon 6 ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Ternary Blends ◽  
Compression Moulding

This paper deals with fabrication and characterization of unique polyphenylene ether/polystyrene/nylon-6/glass composites. Compounding of ternary blends with glass fibres was performed using twin screw co-rotating extruder. Test specimens were fabricated by compression moulding and injection moulding. Effect of maleic anhydride, fibre type (chopped and long), fibre content (30 wt. % and 40 wt. %) and fabrication method (compression moulding and injection moulding) on mechanical and thermal properties was studied. Maleic anhydride negatively influenced mechanical and thermal properties. Composites with 40 wt. % chopped fibres showed superior mechanical strength and those with 30 wt. % long fibres showed superior thermal properties, tensile and flexural moduli. Injection moulded specimens exhibited superior mechanical and thermal properties. The composites were studied for moisture content, density, melt flow index, glass transition temperature, thermal degradation temperature and mechanical properties. Interfacial strength was examined using scanning electron microscopy.

Injection Moulding and Mechanical Properties of Recovered Polypropylene

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-264
Author(s):  
F. Pisciotti ◽  
A. Boldizar ◽  
M. Rigdahl
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Injection Moulding

scholarly journals Physical and Mechanical Properties of Natural Leaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Polyester Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1369
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
Lalta Prasad ◽  
Vinay Kumar Patel ◽  
Virendra Kumar ◽  
Anil Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Synthetic Fibre ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Natural Fibres ◽  
Risk Environment ◽  
Insulation Property ◽  
Natural Leaf

In recent times, demand for light weight and high strength materials fabricated from natural fibres has increased tremendously. The use of natural fibres has rapidly increased due to their high availability, low density, and renewable capability over synthetic fibre. Natural leaf fibres are easy to extract from the plant (retting process is easy), which offers high stiffness, less energy consumption, less health risk, environment friendly, and better insulation property than the synthetic fibre-based composite. Natural leaf fibre composites have low machining wear with low cost and excellent performance in engineering applications, and hence established as superior reinforcing materials compared to other plant fibres. In this review, the physical and mechanical properties of different natural leaf fibre-based composites are addressed. The influences of fibre loading and fibre length on mechanical properties are discussed for different matrices-based composite materials. The surface modifications of natural fibre also play a crucial role in improving physical and mechanical properties regarding composite materials due to improved fibre/matrix adhesion. Additionally, the present review also deals with the effect of silane-treated leaf fibre-reinforced thermoset composite, which play an important role in enhancing the mechanical and physical properties of the composites.

scholarly journals Halloysite Nanotubes and Silane-Treated Alumina Trihydrate Hybrid Flame Retardant System for High-Performance Cable Insulation

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Sandra Paszkiewicz ◽  
Izabela Irska ◽  
Iman Taraghi ◽  
Elżbieta Piesowicz ◽  
Jakub Sieminski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Blend ◽  
Hybrid System ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Halloysite Nanotubes ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Alumina Trihydrate

The effect of the presence of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) and silane-treated alumina trihydrate (ATH-sil) nanofillers on the mechanical, thermal, and flame retardancy properties of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer/low-density polyethylene (LDPE) blends was investigated. Different weight percentages of HNT and ATH-sil nanoparticles, as well as the hybrid system of those nanofillers, were melt mixed with the polymer blend (reference sample) using a twin-screw extruder. The morphology of the nanoparticles and polymer compositions was studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The mechanical properties, hardness, water absorption, and melt flow index (MFI) of the compositions were assessed. The tensile strength increases as a function of the amount of HNT nanofiller; however, the elongation at break decreases. In the case of the hybrid system of nanofillers, the compositions showed superior mechanical properties. The thermal properties of the reference sample and those of the corresponding sample with nanofiller blends were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Two peaks were observed in the melting and crystallization temperatures. This shows that the EVA/LDPE is an immiscible polymer blend. The thermal stability of the blends was improved by the presence of HNTs and ATH-sil nanoparticles. Thermal degradation temperatures were shifted to higher values by the presence of hybrid nanofillers. Finally, the flammability of the compositions was assessed. Flammability as reflected by the limiting oxygen index (OI) was increased by the presence of HNT and ATH-sil nanofiller and a hybrid system of the nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Mechanical, Thermal and Rheological Properties of Polyethylene-Based Composites Filled with Micrometric Aluminum Powder

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1242
Author(s):  
Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽  
Paulina Kosmela ◽  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Aleksander Hejna
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Metal Composites ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Properties Of Composites

Investigations related to polymer/metal composites are often limited to the analysis of the electrical and thermal conductivity of the materials. The presented study aims to analyze the impact of aluminum (Al) filler content (from 1 to 20 wt%) on the rarely investigated properties of composites based on the high-density polyethylene (HDPE) matrix. The crystalline structure, rheological (melt flow index and oscillatory rheometry), thermal (differential scanning calorimetry), as well as static (tensile tests, hardness, rebound resilience) and dynamic (dynamical mechanical analysis) mechanical properties of composites were investigated. The incorporation of 1 and 2 wt% of aluminum filler resulted in small enhancements of mechanical properties, while loadings of 5 and 10 wt% provided materials with a similar performance to neat HDPE. Such results were supported by the lack of disturbances in the rheological behavior of composites. The presented results indicate that a significant content of aluminum filler may be introduced into the HDPE matrix without additional pre-treatment and does not cause the deterioration of composites’ performance, which should be considered beneficial when engineering PE/metal composites.

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