L-Fucose in Crystal Structures of IgG-Fc: Reinterpretation of Experimental Data

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (5) ◽  
pp. 608-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petr Kolenko ◽  
Tereza Skálová ◽  
Jan Dohnálek ◽  
Jindřich Hašek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Protein Data Bank ◽  
Electron Density ◽  
Data Bank ◽  
System Response ◽  
Fc Fragment ◽  
Effector Functions ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Good Agreement

Glycosylation of IgG-Fc plays an important role in the activation of the immune system response. Effector functions are modulated by different degrees of deglycosylation of IgG-Fc. However, the geometry of oligosaccharides covalently bound to IgG-Fc does not seem to be in good agreement with electron density in most of the structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank. Our study of correlation between the oligosaccharide geometry, connectivity, and electron density shows several discrepancies, mainly for L-fucose. Revision of refinement of two structures containing the Fc-fragment solved at the highest resolution brings clear evidence for α-L-fucosylation instead of β-L-fucosylation as it was claimed in most of the deposited structures in the Protein Data Bank containing the Fc-fragment, and also in the original structures selected for re-refinement. Our revision refinement results in a decrease in R factors, better agreement with electron density, meaningful contacts, and acceptable geometry of L-fucose.

scholarly journals NCMP-05. DECODING THE IMMUNE SYSTEM RESPONSE TO LEPTOMENINGEAL METASTASIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii124-ii124
Author(s):  
Jan Remsik ◽  
Xinran Tong ◽  
Ugur Sener ◽  
Danille Isakov ◽  
Yudan Chi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Leptomeningeal Metastasis ◽  
System Response ◽  
Idle State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Therapeutic Protocols ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord

Abstract For decades, the central nervous system was considered to be an immune privileged organ with limited access to systemic immunity. However, the leptomeninges, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-filled anatomical structure that protects the brain and spinal cord, represent a relatively immune-rich environment. Despite the presence of immune cells, complications in the CSF, such as infectious meningitis and a neurological development of cancer known as leptomeningeal metastasis, are difficult to treat and are frequently fatal. We show that immune cells entering the CSF are held in an ‘idle’ state that limits their cytotoxic arsenal and antigen presentation machinery. To understand this underappreciated neuroanatomic niche, we used unique mouse models and rare patient samples to characterize its cellular composition and critical signaling events in health and disease at a single-cell resolution. Revealing the mediators of CSF immune response will allow us to re-evaluate current therapeutic protocols and employ rational combinations with immunotherapies, therefore turning the patient’s own immune system into an active weapon against pathogens and cancer.

scholarly journals Cytokine Patterns in Brain Tumour Progression

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radu Albulescu ◽  
Elena Codrici ◽  
Ionela Daniela Popescu ◽  
Simona Mihai ◽  
Laura Georgiana Necula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Tumour Growth ◽  
Tumour Progression ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Angiogenic Factors ◽  
System Response ◽  
Gm Csf ◽  
Immune System Response

Inflammation represents the immune system response to external or internal aggressors such as injury or infection in certain tissues. The body’s response to cancer has many parallels with inflammation and repair; the inflammatory cells and cytokines present in tumours are more likely to contribute to tumour growth, progression, and immunosuppression, rather than in building an effective antitumour defence. Using new proteomic technology, we have investigated serum profile of pro- (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, GM-CSF, and TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10), along with angiogenic factors (VEGF, bFGF) in order to assess tumoural aggressiveness. Our results indicate significant dysregulation in serum levels of cytokines and angiogenic factors, with over threefold upregulation of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-10 and up to twofold upregulation of VEGF, FGF-2, IL-8, IL-2, and GM-CSF. These molecules are involved in tumour progression and aggressiveness, and are also involved in a generation of disease associated pain.

scholarly journals Scaling in the Immune System: PhD Thesis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
soumya banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Response Rates ◽  
System Response ◽  
Metabolic Rates ◽  
Viral Dynamics ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Phd Thesis

How different is the immune system in a human from that of a mouse? Do pathogens replicate at the same rate in different species? Answers to these questions have impact on human health since multi-host pathogens that jump from animals to humans affect millions worldwide.It is not known how rates of immune response and viral dynamics vary from species to species and how they depend on species body size. Metabolic scalingtheory predicts that intracellular processes will be slower in larger animals since cellular metabolic rates are slower. We test how rates of pathogenesis and immune system response rates depend on species body size.

An enhanced agent based model of the immune system response

2006 ◽  
Vol 244 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Baldazzi ◽  
F. Castiglione ◽  
M. Bernaschi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
System Response ◽  
Agent Based Model ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Immune System Response

scholarly journals A Cognitive Computational Model Inspired by the Immune System Response

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdo Abd Al-Hady ◽  
Amr Ahmed Badr ◽  
Mostafa Abd Al-Azim Mostafa
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Computational Model ◽  
Cognitive Architecture ◽  
Intelligent Agent ◽  
System Response ◽  
Danger Theory ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Fuzzy State

The immune system has a cognitive ability to differentiate between healthy and unhealthy cells. The immune system response (ISR) is stimulated by a disorder in the temporary fuzzy state that is oscillating between the healthy and unhealthy states. However, modeling the immune system is an enormous challenge; the paper introduces an extensive summary of how the immune system response functions, as an overview of a complex topic, to present the immune system as a cognitive intelligent agent. The homogeneity and perfection of the natural immune system have been always standing out as the sought-after model we attempted to imitate while building our proposed model of cognitive architecture. The paper divides the ISR into four logical phases: setting a computational architectural diagram for each phase, proceeding from functional perspectives (input, process, and output), and their consequences. The proposed architecture components are defined by matching biological operations with computational functions and hence with the framework of the paper. On the other hand, the architecture focuses on the interoperability of main theoretical immunological perspectives (classic, cognitive, and danger theory), as related to computer science terminologies. The paper presents a descriptive model of immune system, to figure out the nature of response, deemed to be intrinsic for building a hybrid computational model based on a cognitive intelligent agent perspective and inspired by the natural biology. To that end, this paper highlights the ISR phases as applied to a case study on hepatitis C virus, meanwhile illustrating our proposed architecture perspective.

Modelling the Human Immune System Response to the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Vaccine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maicom Peters Xavier ◽  
Lara T. Pompei ◽  
Ana Carolina G. de O. Vieira ◽  
Matheus A. M. de Paula ◽  
Carla R. B. Bonin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
System Response ◽  
Human Immune System ◽  
Immune System Response ◽  
Human Immune

Immunological interaction between Fasciola and its host.

2021 ◽  
pp. 278-307
Author(s):  
Sheila Donnelly ◽  
Robin Flynn ◽  
Grace Mulcahy ◽  
Sandra O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
System Response ◽  
Rodent Models ◽  
Immune System Response

Abstract This book chapter tests the immune system response in ruminants naturally infected with F. hepatica and compare the results of these research with research obtained through experiments of rodent models.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document