New Hydrophobicity Constants of Substituents in Pyrazine Rings Derived from RP-HPLC Study

2008 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Kučerová-Chlupáčová ◽  
Veronika Opletalová ◽  
Josef Jampílek ◽  
Jan Doležel ◽  
Jiří Dohnal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Grignard Reaction ◽  
Rp Hplc ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Benzene Rings ◽  
Homolytic Alkylation ◽  
Hplc Study

Pyrazine derivatives show a wide range of biological activities. 1-Pyrazin-2-ylethan-1-ones have served as food flavourants, and together with pyrazine-2-carbonitriles have been widely used as intermediates in the synthesis of various heterocyclic compounds. In our laboratory, substituted pyrazine-2-carbonitriles and 1-pyrazin-2-ylethan-1-ones have been used as intermediates for the preparation of potential antifungal and antimycobacterial drugs. Using established methods, a library of pyrazine derivatives was synthesized. Homolytic alkylation of commercially available pyrazine-2-carbonitrile yielded a series of 5-alkylpyrazine-2-carbonitriles which were converted into the corresponding 1-(5-alkylpyrazin-2-yl)ethan-1-ones (5-alkyl-2-acetylpyrazines) via the Grignard reaction. Homolytic acetylation of pyrazine-2-carbonitrile yielded 5-acetylpyrazine-2-carbonitrile. Using the same procedure, 3-acetyl-5-tert-butylpyrazine-2-carbonitrile was obtained with 5-tert-butylpyrazine-2-carbonitrile as a starting material. The hydrophobicity of the compounds was determined both experimentally (RP-HPLC) and by computation (CS ChemOffice Ultra version 9.0, ACD/LogP version 1.0 and ACD/LogP version 9.04), and both the approaches were compared. New hydrophobicity constants π based on experimental results were derived. These constants are markedly different from tabulated constants π valid for benzene rings, and can be widely used in estimating physicochemical properties of new biologically active pyrazines.

scholarly journals 1,2,3-Triazoles: Lead Molecules For Promising Drugs: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2896-2918
Author(s):  
Rakesh Singh ◽  
Harpreet Kaur ◽  
Pankaj Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Parent Nucleus ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Hiv Protease ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Hiv Protease Inhibitors ◽  
Drug Molecules ◽  
Wide Range

A large number of heterocyclic compounds with five membered rings as the parent nucleus such as tetrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, thiazoles, etc. have been studied extensively owing to their fascinating biological properties like anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, antitumor, anticonvulsant, antiviral, etc. 1,2,3-Triazoles are important class of five-membered biologically active heterocyclic compounds as they exhibit wide range of pharmacological activities. Triazoles are of two types viz. 1,2,3-triazole and 1,2,4-triazole. These compounds have drawn great attention from chemists and biologists since their discovery. In recent years, triazoles has emerged as an interesting field in drug design for many researchers due to their enormous pharmacological scope. The present review aims to sum up the medicinal significance of 1,2,3-triazoles as one of the most significant structures for the development of drug molecules like anticancer, antibacterial, HIV protease inhibitors, antifungal, anti-inflammatory (COX-1/COX-2 inhibitors), antiprotozoal, anticonvulsant, antioxidant and others, which are under clinical trials. Various benzyl and benzyl-halide functionalized 1,2,3-triazole derivatives like rufinamide, mubritinib (TAK-165) and suvorexant showing excellent biological activities have been used as medicine. In present review, more stress has been laid on the major developments in the therapeutic aspects of triazole pharmacophore for the last two decades.

Biologically Active 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-Oxadiazoles

2009 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-406
Author(s):  
Harish Rajak ◽  
Murli Dhar Kharya ◽  
Pradeep Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Physiologic Activity ◽  
Pharmacologically Active

There are vast numbers of pharmacologically active heterocyclic compounds in regular clinical use. The presence of heterocyclic structures in diverse types of compounds is strongly indicative of the profound effects such structure exerts on physiologic activity, and recognition of this is abundantly reflected in efforts to find useful synthetic drugs. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole nucleus has emerged as one of the potential pharmacophore responsible for diverse pharmacological properties. Medical Literature is flooded with reports of a variety of biological activities of 2,5-Disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles. The present work is an attempt to summarize and enlist the various reports published on biologically active 2,5-disubstituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles.

Heterocycle Compounds with Antimicrobial Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Fesatidou ◽  
Anthi Petrou ◽  
Geronikaki Athina
Keyword(s):  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms

Background: Bacterial infections are a growing problem worldwide causing morbidity and mortality mainly in developing countries. Moreover, the increased number of microorganisms, developing multiple resistances to known drugs, due to abuse of antibiotics, is another serious problem. This problem becomes more serious for immunocompromised patients and those who are often disposed to opportunistic fungal infections. Objective: The objective of this manuscript is to give an overview of new findings in the field of antimicrobial agents among five-membered heterocyclic compounds. These heterocyclic compounds especially five-membered attracted the interest of the scientific community not only for their occurrence in nature but also due to their wide range of biological activities. Method: To reach our goal, a literature survey that covers the last decade was performed. Results: As a result, recent data on the biological activity of thiazole, thiazolidinone, benzothiazole and thiadiazole derivatives are mentioned. Conclusion: It should be mentioned that despite the progress in the development of new antimicrobial agents, there is still room for new findings. Thus, research still continues.

A Brief Review on the Development of Novel Potentially Active Azetidin-2-ones Against Cancer

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 473-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ligia S. da Silveira Pinto ◽  
Thatyana R. Alves Vasconcelos ◽  
Claudia Regina B. Gomes ◽  
Marcus Vinícius N. de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Important Group ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Azetidin-2-ones (β-lactams) and its derivatives are an important group of heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties such as antibacterial, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and anticonvulsant. Efforts have been made over the years to develop novel congeners with superior biological activities and minimal potential for undesirable side effects. The present review aimed to highlight some recent discoveries (2013-2019) on the development of novel azetidin-2-one-based compounds as potential anticancer agents.

scholarly journals Thiazole Ring—A Biologically Active Scaffold

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3166
Author(s):  
Anthi Petrou ◽  
Maria Fesatidou ◽  
Athina Geronikaki
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Literature Survey ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Thiazole Ring ◽  
Peer Reviews ◽  
Experimental Drugs ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Fda Approved Drugs

Background: Thiazole is a good pharmacophore nucleus due to its various pharmaceutical applications. Its derivatives have a wide range of biological activities such as antioxidant, analgesic, and antimicrobial including antibacterial, antifungal, antimalarial, anticancer, antiallergic, antihypertensive, anti-inflammatory, and antipsychotic. Indeed, the thiazole scaffold is contained in more than 18 FDA-approved drugs as well as in numerous experimental drugs. Objective: To summarize recent literature on the biological activities of thiazole ring-containing compounds Methods: A literature survey regarding the topics from the year 2015 up to now was carried out. Older publications were not included, since they were previously analyzed in available peer reviews. Results: Nearly 124 research articles were found, critically analyzed, and arranged regarding the synthesis and biological activities of thiazoles derivatives in the last 5 years.

Synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds from allenic and acetylenic nitriles and related compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marthe Carine Djuidje Fotsing ◽  
Dieudonné Njamen ◽  
Zacharias Tanee Fomum ◽  
Derek Tantoh Ndinteh
Keyword(s):  
Michael Addition ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Polycyclic Compounds ◽  
One Step ◽  
Pharmaceutical Properties ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Acetylenic Acids ◽  
The Michael Addition

Abstract Cyclic and polycyclic compounds containing moieties such as imidazole, pyrazole, isoxazole, thiazoline, oxazine, indole, benzothiazole and benzoxazole benzimidazole are prized molecules because of the various pharmaceutical properties that they display. This led Prof. Landor and co-workers to engage in the synthesis of several of them such as alkylimidazolenes, oxazolines, thiazolines, pyrimidopyrimidines, pyridylpyrazoles, benzoxazines, quinolines, pyrimidobenzimidazoles and pyrimidobenzothiazolones. This review covers the synthesis of biologically active heterocyclic compounds by the Michael addition and the double Michael addition of various amines and diamines on allenic nitriles, acetylenic nitriles, hydroxyacetylenic nitriles, acetylenic acids and acetylenic aldehydes. The heterocycles were obtained in one step reaction and in most cases, did not give side products. A brief discussion on the biological activities of some heterocycles is also provided.

Chemical modification and Physicochemical properties of new derivatives 5-(thiophen-3-ilmethyl)-4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol

2021 ◽  
pp. 4621-4629
Author(s):  
O.A. Bihdan ◽  
V.V. Parchenko
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Biologically Active Compounds ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Active Compounds ◽  
Triazole Derivatives ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Current Trends ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Derivatives Of

Current trends in the search for new biologically active compounds among synthetic molecules have arguably proved a priority in studies of the heterocyclic 1,2,4-triazole system. For many years, 1,2,4-triazole derivatives remain the object of close attention of scientists of various scientific fields. The unique properties of 1,2,4-triazole derivatives include high reactivity, which allows different modification of this system, practical absence of toxicity of these derivatives and the presence of a wide range of biological, pharmacological properties, which in the complex provides the prerequisites for the creation of new biologically active compounds, and in the future, active pharmaceutical ingredients (AFI). The aim of our work is to investigate some transformations in a number of derivatives of 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl) -4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol, to study the physicochemical properties of the new synthesized compounds. A well-known fact remains the successful attempt of many scientists involved in the study of the heterocyclic 1,2,4-triazole system to synthesize potential biologically active compounds. The process of creating new molecules is very painstaking and requires considerable effort. The chemical approaches for the synthesis of the starting compounds required for further transformations are well known and described. Therefore, we used the corresponding N-R1-2 as intermediates for the synthesis of new 5-(thiophen-3-ylmethyl) -4-R1-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiols appropriate ones were used N-R1-2-(2-(thiophen-3-yl) acetyl) hydrazinocarbothioamide.

Sulfated Tin Oxide: A Convenient Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 4-Arylmethylidene-3-substituted-isoxazol-5(4H)-ones

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitishkumar S. Kaminwar ◽  
Sunil U. Tekale ◽  
Srinivas L. Nakkalwar ◽  
Rajendra P. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Easy Method ◽  
Three Component Reaction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The One

: Synthesis of isoxazole structural heterocyclic compounds is important due to their wide range of biological activities. In the present article, we report a convenient and easy method for the synthesis of 4-arylmethylidene-3-substituted-isoxazol-5(4H)-ones by the one-pot three-component reaction of aldehydes, β-keto ester, and hydroxylamine hydrochloride cat-alyzed by sulfated tin oxide as a heterogeneous catalyst.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON THE SYNTHETIC METHODOLOGIES OF CHROMONES

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahathy Vanguru ◽  
Ramchander Merugu ◽  
Swetha Garimella ◽  
Laxminarayana E
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Essential Component ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
New Compounds

Chromones group of compounds and their derivatives form the essential component of pharmacophores in many biologically active molecules. They exhibit a wide range of biological activities such as antibiotic, antitumor, antiviral, antioxidant, antipsychotic, and antihypoxic activities. These applications have stimulated a continuous search for the synthesis of new compounds in this field and are being extensively investigated. The various methodologies so far reported for the synthesis of these compounds with the compounds biological applications are discussed in this communication

scholarly journals Chemistry and Biological Activities of 1,2,4-Triazolethiones—Antiviral and Anti-Infective Drugs

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3036
Author(s):  
Ashraf A. Aly ◽  
Alaa A. Hassan ◽  
Maysa M. Makhlouf ◽  
Stefan Bräse
Keyword(s):  
Natural Products ◽  
Heterocyclic Compounds ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Active Moiety ◽  
Interesting Class

Mercapto-substituted 1,2,4-triazoles are very interesting compounds as they play an important role in chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects on cancer. In recent decades, literature has been enriched with sulfur- and nitrogen-containing heterocycles which are used as a basic nucleus of different heterocyclic compounds with various biological applications in medicine and also occupy a huge part of natural products. Therefore, we shed, herein, more light on the synthesis of this interesting class and its application as a biologically active moiety. They might also be suitable as antiviral and anti-infective drugs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document