Synthesis, Characterization and Thermodynamics of Exchange Using Zirconium Titanium Phosphate Cation Exchanger

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (9) ◽  
pp. 1306-1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakesh P. Thakkar ◽  
Uma V. Chudasama
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Entropy Change ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Titanium Phosphate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Standard Gibbs Energy Change ◽  
Equilibrium Exchange ◽  
Zirconium Titanium Phosphate

A mixed material of the class of tetravalent bimetallic acid (TBMA) salt - zirconium titanium phosphate (ZTP) - has been synthesized by the sol-gel technique. ZTP has been characterized by elemental analysis, thermal analysis (TGA, DTA), FTIR, X-ray diffraction and SEM. Ion exchange capacity (IEC) of the material has been determined and the effect of calcination (373-773 K) on IEC studied and chemical stability of the material in various media (acids, bases and organic solvents) assessed. Further, the equilibrium exchange of H in ZTP for Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+ and Ba2+ ions has been studied at 303, 313, 323 and 333 K at constant ionic strength. On the basis of the exchange isotherms, various thermodynamic parameters such as equilibrium constant (K), standard gibbs energy change (∆Go), entropy change (∆So) and enthalpy change (∆Ho) have been calculated. The parameters were correlated with the ion exchange characteristics of the material.

scholarly journals Polymer Electrolyte Membranes Based on Nafion and a Superacidic Inorganic Additive for Fuel Cell Applications

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Mazzapioda ◽  
Stefania Panero ◽  
Maria Assunta Navarra
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Thermal Transitions ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Electrolyte Membranes

Nafion composite membranes, containing different amounts of mesoporous sulfated titanium oxide (TiO2-SO4) were prepared by solvent-casting and tested in proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), operating at very low humidification levels. The TiO2-SO4 additive was originally synthesized by a sol-gel method and characterized through x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and ion exchange capacity (IEC). Peculiar properties of the composite membranes, such as the thermal transitions and ion exchange capacity, were investigated and here discussed. When used as an electrolyte in the fuel cell, the composite membrane guaranteed an improvement with respect to bare Nafion systems at 30% relative humidity and 110 °C, exhibiting higher power and current densities.

scholarly journals Oxometalate-Glass Composites and Thin Films

1990 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karin Moller ◽  
Thomas Bein ◽  
C. Jeffrey Brinker
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exafs Spectroscopy ◽  
Gel Formation ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Glass Composites ◽  
Exchange Properties

ABSTRACTNew glass-composites with ion exchange properties have been developed. Ammonium 12-molybdophosphate (AMP) (NH4)3PMo12O40, and ammonium 12-tungstophosphate (AWP) (NH4)3PW12O40, known for their ion exchange capabilities, are included either in preformed aerogels with defined pore size, or are added to sol-gel mixtures during the process of gel formation. Characterization is carried out by FTIR, Raman and EXAFS spectroscopy. Ion exchange capacities for the oxometalate precursors are determined for silver and rubidium and are compared to those of the glass composites. Glass composites show high ion exchange capacity, but some portion of the metalate complexes leaches from the glass during the procedure. This is in contrast to thin composite films, which have almost no porosity and do not show loss of metalate. EXAFS spectroscopy demostrates that the oxometalate microstructure is maintained in glass composites and that rubidium ions after ion exchange in glasses occupy similar cation positions as in the precursor compounds.

scholarly journals Graphitic Carbon Nitride based Photocatalytic Systems for High Performance Hydrogen Production: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 161-192
Author(s):  
S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Distribution Coefficient ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Scanning Electron

Pectin cerium(IV) iodate (PcCeI) and cerium(IV) iodate (CeI) cation ion exchange materials were synthesized via sol–gel methods. The materials were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. The ion exchange capacity (IEC), thermal stability, distribution coefficient (Kd), and pH titrations were investigated to recognize the cation exchange behavior of the materials. The IEC of pectin-cerium(IV) iodate (PcCeI and cerium(IV) iodate CeI were reported as 1.80 meq/g and 0.92 meq/g, respectively. The higher distribution coefficient values of 250.01 and 219.14 mg/L confirmed the selectivity of pectin-cerium(IV) iodate hybrid ion exchanger for As3+ and Zn2+. The antibacterial activity of synthesized ion exchangers was explored for E. coli bacteria and observed relatively higher for PcCeI as compared to CeI.

Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium-Resorcinol Phosphate; A New Hybrid Cation Exchanger and Dye Adsorbent for Water Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 842 ◽  
pp. 196-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Syeed Zeeshaan Fathima ◽  
Altaf Hussain Pandith
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Behavior ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ph Titration ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Material

Synthesis and characterization of a new hybrid ion exchange material Zirconiumresorcinol Phosphate (ZrRP) is reported in this study. Synthetic conditions such as reactant concentrations and mixing volume ratio were varied to optimize the ion exchange properties of this material. The material has Na+ ion exchange capacity equal to 1.7 meq/g (dry). X-ray diffraction spectra suggest that it is amorphous in nature. This ion-exchanger was also characterization by SEM, IR and TGA-DTG. Various studies such as determination of ion exchange capacity, elution behaviour and pH titration has been performed for different metal ions such as K+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Mg2+, Ni2+, Cd2+. This material has potential application for removal of these ions from the aqueous systems. Effect of anionic (SDS) and nonionic (TX-100) surfactants has also been studied on the adsorption behavior of ZrRP. The material has been found to be selective for Mg2+and Cd2+. We also found that the material showed remarkable adsorption behavior towards some dyes like malachite green and methylene blue.

Equilibrium Sorptions in Heterogeneous Ion Exchange Membranes

1992 ◽  
Vol 57 (9) ◽  
pp. 1905-1914
Author(s):  
Miroslav Bleha ◽  
Věra Šumberová
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Distribution Coefficients ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Ion Exchange Membranes ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
Equilibrium Sorption ◽  
Inhomogeneity Factor

The equilibrium sorption of uni-univalent electrolytes (NaCl, KCl) in heterogeneous cation exchange membranes with various contents of the ion exchange component and in ion exchange membranes Ralex was investigated. Using experimental data which express the concentration dependence of equilibrium sorption, validity of the Donnan relation for the systems under investigation was tested and values of the Glueckauf inhomogeneity factor for Ralex membranes were determined. Determination of the equilibrium sorption allows the effect of the total content of internal water and of the ion-exchange capacity on the distribution coefficients of the electrolyte to be determined.

The Synthesis and Ion-Exchange Property of Inorganic Material Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4

2012 ◽  
Vol 511 ◽  
pp. 105-108
Author(s):  
Jin He Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Inorganic Material ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Exchange Property ◽  
Insertion Reaction ◽  
Ion Exchange Capacity ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Thermal Crystallization ◽  
Crystallization Method ◽  
Saturation Capacity

Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 was prepared by a coprecipitation/thermal crystallization method. The extraction/insertion reaction with this material was investigation by X-ray, saturation capacity of exchange, and Kd measurement. The acid treatments of Mg1.5Mn0.5Ti0.75O4 caused Mg2+ extractions of more than 72%, while the dissolutions of Mn4+ and Ti4+ were less than 8.2%. The results showed that the Li+ extraction/insertion be progressed mainly by an ion-exchange mechanism. The acid treated samples had an ion exchange capacity of 10.6mmol/g for Li+.

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