Analysis of the Labial Gland Secretion of the Cuckoo-Bumblebee (Psithyrus vestalis) Males and Synthesis of Abundant Geranylcitronellol

1996 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 1501-1508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Valterová ◽  
Aleš Svatoš ◽  
Oldřich Hovorka
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Labial Gland ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
Labial Gland Secretion ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Structure Confirmation ◽  
Psithyrus Vestalis ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Labial Glands

Labial glands of the cuckoo-bumblebee males of the species Psithyrus vestalis were extracted and the components of their secretions were identified. Chemical composition of the males' signal of Psithyrus vestalis has not yet been described in the literature. We found geranycitronellyl acetate to be the main component (48%). Geranylcitronellol and (Z)-15-eicosen-1-ol were present in the secretion in lower amounts. Long-chain aldehydes, acetates, and hydrocarbons formed only minor components of the mixture. The identification of minor components was based on GC-MS, while the more abundant compounds were isolated and fully characterized by spectral and chemical methods. For the structure confirmation, geranylcitronellol was prepared from geranyl bromide via a three-step synthesis.

Composition of the Labial Gland Secretion of the Bumblebee Males Bombus pomorum

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 430-436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Valterová ◽  
Klára Urbanová ◽  
Oldřich Hovorka ◽  
Jiří Kindl
Keyword(s):  
Scent Marking ◽  
Ethyl Esters ◽  
Gland Secretion ◽  
Labial Gland ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Bumblebee Species ◽  
Labial Gland Secretion ◽  
Marking Behaviour ◽  
Labial Glands

Labial gland secretions of 22 males of the bumblebee Bombus pomorum , collected in the Czech Republic, were analysed separately for each individual. The secretions contained 70 compounds among which saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons strongly dominated. The proportion of hydrocarbons in the secretion was unusually high (85-100% ) compared to other bumblebee species studied so far (3-15%). Methyl and ethyl esters of fatty acids, known from many other bumblebee species, formed only minor components (less than 1 % in sum) of the secretions of several B. pomorum individuals. No terpenic compounds, typical for males’ marking secretion of many bumblebee species, were detected in B. pomorum . The absolute quantities of hydrocarbons present in the labial gland extracts were comparable with those usually present in other species. The composition of hydrocarbons found in the labial glands was different from the profile of the cuticular hydrocarbons. Despite our expectations in species exhibiting a regular patrolling and scent-marking behaviour, the labial gland extracts obtained from B. pom orum males were unusually low concentrated and their chemical composition was atypical with respect of the proportions of hydrocarbons when compared with other patrolling species. This is the first report on the analysis of the labial gland secretion of the B. pomorum males.

Cuticular Waxes and Flavonol Aglycones of Mistletoes

2003 ◽  
Vol 58 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 464-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Haas ◽  
Markus Bauer ◽  
Eckhard Wollenweber
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
Quantitative Composition ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Cuticular Waxes ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Flavonoid Aglycones ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Methyl Derivatives ◽  
Long Chain

Abstract Cuticular waxes of Viscum album subspecies and of V. cruciatum have been examined for their micromorphology and chemical composition. Wax crystalloids occur preferably as irregular platelets and rodlets, while deviant structures are found in small areas. Among the triterpenoids forming the wax layer, oleanolic acid is prevailing with some 80%. The quantitative composition of the long-chain aliphatics, which comprise several classes, is rather variable. Flavonoid aglycones, occurring as very minor components of the cuticular waxes, comprise the flavonols kaempferol and quercetin and a series of their methyl derivatives, in some taxa also the flavanone naringenin. Neither the crystalloid structures nor the chemical composition of the wax allow to discriminate the 2 species, or male and female plants, or plants grown on conifers or on dicotyledoneous hosts.

scholarly journals The Chemical Evolution of the Main Component of the Binary System v Sagitarrii

1998 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 390-390
Author(s):  
V. Leushin ◽  
V. Chuvenkov ◽  
L. Snezhko
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Binary System ◽  
Core Mass ◽  
Hydrogen Burning ◽  
Convective Mixing ◽  
Mixing Parameters ◽  
Burning Zone ◽  
Nuclear Burning ◽  
Nitrogen Abundance ◽  
Main Component

A model of internal structure and evolution of the peculiar binary system v Sgr is presented. The model corresponds well to the observed chemical composition of the main component atmosphere (10-4 H, 0.844 He, 0.013 C, 0.042 N by mass). It is supposed that about 5 million years ago the main component passed the stage of hydrogen nuclear burning in the shell over the helium core where the helium-carbon reactions took place. Because of convective mixing, the synthesized carbon diffusing into the hydrogen burning zone was catalyzing the reactions of the CN - cycle. This has resulted in anomalies in the chemical composition, particularly high nitrogen abundance in the layer observed now as the atmosphere of the main component since external layers were thrown off during the evolution. Following the calculated results, the quantitative restrictions of temperature and density in the layers and values of mixing parameters are obtained. It is shown that the best agreement with observations exists if the mass of the matter penetrating from the zone of helium-carbon reactions into the helium layer is 0.25 of the helium-carbon core mass. Moreover, the ratio of mass concentration He/C in this matter should equal 2, and the mass share diffusing into the layer of hydrogen burning should be in the range 0.25 - 0.30 of the layer mass.

The Thermal Volatilization of Petrodisel/Biodiesel from Waste Oil

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 2656-2660
Author(s):  
Xiu Chen ◽  
Yin Nan Yuan ◽  
Yong Bin Lai
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Compression Ignition Engine ◽  
Yield Information ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ignition Quality ◽  
Long Chain

Thermogravimetry (TG) has been employed to yield information on the thermal volatilization of the fuels since the volatility influences the ignition quality of the fuels in a compression ignition engine. The chemical composition of -10 petrodiesel (-10PD) and waste oil biodiesel (WME) was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The thermal volatilization of biodiesel and its blends was investigated by TG and liquid volatile theory. Volatile index was put forward for describing biodiesel/petrodisel volatility. A good correlation model was proposed for calculate the biodiesel/petrodiesel volatility by biodiesel blending ratio. The study showed that -10PD and WME had similar chemical composition and structure. -10PD was mainly composed of long chain alkanes: C8–C26. WME was mainly composed of long chain fatty acid methyl esters: C14:0–C22:0, C16:1–C22:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The volatile indexes of WME and -10PD were 1.47E-04 and 3.64E-05, respectively. The biodiesel was considerably more volatile in comparison to the petrodiesel. The WME/-10PD volatility was better with increasing the biodiesel blending ratio.

The chemical composition of Minnesota lake marl; comparison of rapid and conventional chemical methods

1959 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Stephen Goldich ◽  
C. Oliver Ingamells ◽  
Doris Thaemlitz
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Chemical Methods

scholarly journals Cochineal Waxy Residues as Source of Policosanol: Chemical Hydrolysis and Enzymatic Transesterification

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilia Ramos-Zambrano ◽  
Pedro Herrera-Serrano ◽  
Jorge García-Dávila ◽  
Gabriel Ríos-Cortés ◽  
Antonio Ruperto Jiménez-Aparicio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Carminic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Transesterification ◽  
Chemical Hydrolysis ◽  
Agroindustrial Waste ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Value Added Products

The aim of this study was to obtain and characterise the long-chain alcohols present in policosanol derived from waste from the production of carminic acid, a natural colouring agent widely used in the food industry. The effectiveness of different methods designed for extraction of policosanol from waxy waste was investigated and its content and composition was determined. Triacontanol was the main component in policosanol produced by chemical processes, and it yields up to 13% by alkaline hydrolysis in water and chloroform extraction. Regarding enzymatic transesterification, policosanol was obtained using lipase Candida antarctica recombinant in Aspergillus niger (CAL-Bn) in a reaction medium with toluene. To improve the reaction, different acyl receptors, propanol, butanol, and isopropanol, were tested and molecular sieves were employed to maintain an anhydrous reaction medium. In this case, the policosanol was made up of other long-chain alcohols, but triacontanol was obtained in yields of up to 19% using isopropanol as an acyl receptor. Triacontanol has a great commercial value due to its effect as a promoter of plant growth, and these results contribute to the use and application of this agroindustrial waste in obtaining value-added products.

scholarly journals Composition of Diethyl Ether Flower Extracts of Lonicera fragrantissima Lindl. & Paxton (Caprifoliaceae)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niko Radulović ◽  
Polina Blagojević ◽  
Radosav Palić
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acid ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
First Report ◽  
Long Chain

GC and GC-MS analyses of two diethyl ether extracts of Lonicera fragrantissima flowers (extraction times 1 and 20 days) enabled the identification of 61 components that represented ca. 90% of the extract volatiles. 10-Nonacosanol (18.1-24.1%), nonacosane (14.4-15.0%) and the rather rare long-chained fatty acid hexyl esters (octadecanoate, eicosanoate, docosanoate, tetracosanoate, hexacosanoate, octacosanoate and triacontanoate, in total 19.1-19.5%) were among the main constituents of both extracts. However, a number of differences were observed in the chemical composition of the 1 and 20 day extracts, the relative percentage of the iridoid loganetin being the most striking (19.1 and 2.1%, respectively). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the GC behavior of loganetin. It seems that this and the long-chain fatty acid hexyl esters could have chemotaxonomic significance at the generic level.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition and Larvicidal Activity against Aedes Aegypti of Essential Oils from Croton Zehntneri

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélcio S. Santos ◽  
Gilvandete M. P. Santiago ◽  
João P. P. de Oliveira ◽  
Angela M. C. Arriaga ◽  
Délcio D. Marques ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Main Component

The chemical composition of the essential oils from leaves, stalks and inflorescences of Croton zehntneri obtained by hydrodistillation were analyzed by GC-MS and CG-FID. E-Anethole was the main component of the essential oils of all plant parts. Essential oils of leaves, stalks, inflorescences and E-anethole were tested at different concentrations against instar III larvae of Aedes aegypti and showed LC50 values of 56.2 ± 0.3, 51.3 ± 0.3, 57.5 ± 0.1 and 69.2 ± 0.5 μg/mL, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document